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docs/persistence/storage/storage-plugin-cache/README.md

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+# @suaveplan/storage-plugin-cache - Read-through cache decorator for AbstractStorage. Wraps any @suaveplan/storage with an injectable AbstractCache<Uint8Array>; hit/miss/populate on get, invalidate-on-write/setPartial/delete/clear, namespaced isolation, full OTel surface, cache failures swallow with stats.
+
+Read-through cache decorator for `AbstractStorage`. Wraps any
+`@suaveplan/storage` instance with an injectable
+`AbstractCache<Uint8Array>`; hit/miss/populate on `get`, invalidate on
+every `set` / `setPartial` / `delete` / `clear`. Namespaced isolation so
+two wrappers can share one cache. Full OpenTelemetry surface
+(`storage_cache.*` counters, `entry_bytes` histogram, per-op spans).
+Cache failures swallow with stats so a flaky cache never breaks a read.
+
+This is the structural inverse of `@suaveplan/cache-storage`, which
+turns any `AbstractStorage` into a *cache backend*. Here we turn any
+`AbstractCache` into a *front of a storage*.
+
+<!-- begin:auto-docs -->
+## Documentation tree
+
+- [cached-storage](./src/cached-storage/cached-storage.md) — `CachedStorage` is a read-through cache decorator that extends `AbstractStorage` from `@suaveplan/storage`. It wraps an…
+  - [cached-storage.clear](./src/cached-storage/cached-storage.clear.md) — This module owns the `CachedStorage.clear` path. The wrapper SHALL first delegate to `inner.clear(signal)` (so the sour…
+  - [cached-storage.context](./src/cached-storage/cached-storage.context.md) — This module defines the `CachedStorageContext` shape that the per-method helper files (`cached-storage.get.ts`, `cached…
+  - [cached-storage.delete](./src/cached-storage/cached-storage.delete.md) — This module owns the delete-through path of `CachedStorage.delete`. The wrapper forwards the deletion to the inner stor…
+  - [cached-storage.get](./src/cached-storage/cached-storage.get.md) — This module owns the read-through path of `CachedStorage.get(key, signal?)`. The implementation first consults the inje…
+  - [cached-storage](./src/cached-storage/cached-storage.md) — `CachedStorage` is a read-through cache decorator that extends `AbstractStorage` from `@suaveplan/storage`. It wraps an…
+  - [cached-storage.passthrough](./src/cached-storage/cached-storage.passthrough.md) — This module owns the passthrough surface of `CachedStorage` — every abstract method on `AbstractStorage` that does NOT…
+  - [cached-storage.signal](./src/cached-storage/cached-storage.signal.md) — This helper centralises the wrapper's policy for a pre-aborted `AbortSignal`: every public method that takes a signal M…
+  - [cached-storage.write](./src/cached-storage/cached-storage.write.md) — This module owns the write-through path of `CachedStorage.set` and `CachedStorage.setPartial`. Both ops invoke the inne…
+- [error-codes](./src/error-codes/error-codes.md) — This module owns the canonical registry of error codes raised by `@suaveplan/storage-plugin-cache`. The package deliber…
+  - [error-codes](./src/error-codes/error-codes.md) — This module owns the canonical registry of error codes raised by `@suaveplan/storage-plugin-cache`. The package deliber…
+- [factory](./src/factory/factory.md) — This module exports the `cachedStorage(inner, options)` factory — a thin convenience over `new CachedStorage(inner, opt…
+  - [factory](./src/factory/factory.md) — This module exports the `cachedStorage(inner, options)` factory — a thin convenience over `new CachedStorage(inner, opt…
+- [otel](./src/otel/otel.md) — This module wires the OpenTelemetry meter and tracer used by every `CachedStorage` instance. The wrapper emits five cou…
+  - [otel](./src/otel/otel.md) — This module wires the OpenTelemetry meter and tracer used by every `CachedStorage` instance. The wrapper emits five cou…
+<!-- end:auto-docs -->
+
+## Modules
+
+- `./error-codes` — `STORAGE_CACHE_CODES` (`INVALID_OPTIONS`,
+  `INNER_MISSING`), `CachedStorageError`.
+- `./types` — `CachedStorageOptions`, `CachedStorageStats`,
+  `ResolvedCachedStorageOptions`, `CachedStorageErrorOp`.
+- `./cached-storage` — `CachedStorage extends AbstractStorage`,
+  per-method helpers split across `.get.ts`, `.write.ts`, `.delete.ts`,
+  `.clear.ts`, `.passthrough.ts`, `.signal.ts`.
+- `./factory` — `cachedStorage(inner, options): CachedStorage` factory.
+- `./otel` — meter + tracer wiring, `recordHit` / `recordMiss` /
+  `recordPopulate` / `recordInvalidate` / `recordError`,
+  `setStorageCacheMeterProvider`, `resetInstruments`.
+
+## Quick start
+
+```ts
+import { cachedStorage } from "@suaveplan/storage-plugin-cache";
+import { MemoryCache } from "@suaveplan/cache";
+import { createHttpStorage } from "@suaveplan/storage-http";
+
+const inner = createHttpStorage({ baseUrl: "https://cdn.example.com/" });
+const cache = new MemoryCache<Uint8Array>();
+const storage = cachedStorage(inner, { cache, namespace: "media" });
+
+const bytes = await storage.get("clip.mov");          // miss → inner → populate
+const again = await storage.get("clip.mov");          // hit (no inner call)
+await storage.set("clip.mov", new Uint8Array([1]));   // inner.set + invalidate
+```
+
+## Composition recipes
+
+### 1. Memory cache in front of HTTPS (hot keys)
+
+```ts
+import { cachedStorage } from "@suaveplan/storage-plugin-cache";
+import { MemoryCache } from "@suaveplan/cache";
+import { createHttpStorage } from "@suaveplan/storage-http";
+
+const inner = createHttpStorage({ baseUrl: "https://cdn.example.com/" });
+const cache = new MemoryCache<Uint8Array>();
+const storage = cachedStorage(inner, { cache, namespace: "media" });
+```
+
+### 2. File-backed cache in front of HTTPS (cross-process durable)
+
+```ts
+import { cachedStorage } from "@suaveplan/storage-plugin-cache";
+import { createCache } from "@suaveplan/cache";
+import { createNodeFsStorage } from "@suaveplan/storage-file";
+import { createHttpStorage } from "@suaveplan/storage-http";
+
+const inner = createHttpStorage({ baseUrl: "https://cdn.example.com/" });
+const fileBackend = createNodeFsStorage({ rootDir: "/var/cache/cdn" });
+const cache = createCache("storage", { storage: fileBackend });
+const storage = cachedStorage(inner, { cache, namespace: "cdn-prod" });
+```
+
+### 3. CDN with namespace isolation
+
+```ts
+// Two wrappers sharing one cache instance, distinct namespaces,
+// distinct inner storages — neither wrapper sees the other's entries
+// on get, and `wrapperA.clear()` does not evict wrapperB's entries.
+const cache = new MemoryCache<Uint8Array>();
+const wrapperA = cachedStorage(innerA, { cache, namespace: "a" });
+const wrapperB = cachedStorage(innerB, { cache, namespace: "b" });
+```
+
+### 4. Redis cache in front of S3 (cross-process shared)
+
+```ts
+import { createRedisCache } from "@suaveplan/cache-redis";
+
+const inner = new S3Storage({ /* … */ });
+const cache = createRedisCache({ client, prefix: "media-cache:" });
+const storage = cachedStorage(inner, { cache, namespace: "media" });
+```
+
+### 5. Stale-while-revalidate via `cache.wrap()`
+
+```ts
+const storage = cachedStorage(inner, { cache });
+
+// Expose the underlying cache for direct wrap()-based SWR:
+const bytes = await storage.cache.wrap(
+ `storage::clip.mov`,
+ () => storage.inner.get("clip.mov"),
+ { staleAge: 60_000 },
+);
+```
+
+### 6. Composed with `storage-uri` / `drive` — the wrapper is just an `AbstractStorage`
+
+```ts
+import { createStorageUriResolver, fileUriPlugin } from "@suaveplan/storage-uri";
+
+const cachedFile = cachedStorage(
+ createNodeFsStorage({ rootDir: "/var/media" }),
+ { cache },
+);
+const resolver = createStorageUriResolver([
+ fileUriPlugin({ rootDir: "/var/media", storage: cachedFile }),
+]);
+```
+
+## Options
+
+| Option | Default | Notes |
+|---|---|---|
+| `cache` | (required) | An `AbstractCache<Uint8Array>` instance — `MemoryCache`, `StorageCache`, `createRedisCache`, etc. |
+| `namespace` | `"storage"` | Prefix applied to every cache key (`${namespace}::${key}`). Distinct namespaces isolate two wrappers on a shared cache. |
+| `invalidateOnWrite` | `true` | When `false`, `set`/`setPartial` do NOT evict the cache entry — application owns the invalidation. |
+| `invalidateOnDelete` | `true` | When `false`, `delete` does NOT evict. |
+| `invalidateOnClear` | `true` | When `false`, `clear` does NOT walk the cache's namespace. |
+| `shouldCache(key, bytes)` | `bytes.byteLength <= maxEntryBytes` | Predicate gating cache population on miss. |
+| `maxEntryBytes` | `16 * 1024 * 1024` (16 MiB) | Used by the default `shouldCache`. Matches `drive-mesh-protocol`'s frame ceiling and `drive-plugin-cache`'s entry ceiling. |
+| `logger` | undefined | `LoggerLike` used to warn when `clear()` can't enumerate the cache. |
+
+## Relationship to siblings
+
+- **`@suaveplan/cache-storage`** — the structural inverse: turns any
+  `AbstractStorage` into a *cache backend*. Use that one when you want
+  to plug a file/S3/redis storage into the `createCache("storage")`
+  factory. Use *this* one when you want to put a cache *in front of*
+  a storage to accelerate `get`.
+- **`add-drive-plugin-cache`** — the drive-tier twin: caches
+  *reassembled plaintext* at the drive middleware layer. Same option
+  shape, same OTel naming, same error-swallow contract. Use the drive
+  wrapper for plaintext-after-chunk-reassembly, use this one for the
+  raw storage bytes underneath.
+- **Future `cacheUriPlugin`** — a planned URI-tier wrapper that
+  composes with `@suaveplan/storage-uri` to cache across URI schemes.
+  This package's invalidation surface intentionally stops at the
+  storage tier; URI-level caching belongs there.
+
+## Errors
+
+| Code | When |
+|---|---|
+| `STORAGE_CACHE.INNER_MISSING` | Constructor / factory called with nullish `inner`. |
+| `STORAGE_CACHE.INVALID_OPTIONS` | Constructor / factory called without a valid `cache` (missing, wrong shape, missing `get`/`set`/`delete`). |
+
+Every other failure mode flows through with its original namespaced
+code (`STORAGE.*`, `STORAGE_HTTP.*`, `CACHE.*`).
+
+## Cache failures never propagate
+
+A `cache.get` / `cache.set` / `cache.delete` rejection is logged
+through the OTel `storage_cache.errors_total{namespace, op}` counter
+and bumped on `getCacheStats().errors`, but the wrapper's own surface
+NEVER throws because the cache misbehaved. A failed `cache.get` falls
+through to `inner.get`; a failed `cache.set` still returns the
+inner-read bytes; a failed `cache.delete` on invalidation still
+returns the inner-write/delete result.
+

docs/persistence/storage/storage-plugin-cache/src/cached-storage/cached-storage.clear.md

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+# cached-storage.clear — namespaced clear with feature-detection
+
+## Purpose
+
+This module owns the `CachedStorage.clear` path. The wrapper SHALL
+first delegate to `inner.clear(signal)` (so the source of truth is
+emptied); on success, it MUST evict only its own namespaced subset of
+the backing cache — never the entire cache, because two wrappers
+sharing one cache instance with distinct namespaces would otherwise
+clobber each other.
+
+The canonical `AbstractCache` contract in `@suaveplan/cache` does NOT
+expose a `keys()` enumeration method, so the wrapper feature-detects
+via `typeof cache.keys === "function"` at runtime. When enumeration is
+available, every key starting with `${namespace}::` is deleted one by
+one. When enumeration is NOT available, the wrapper logs a warning via
+`options.logger?.warn?.(...)` and skips eviction — calling
+`cache.clear()` as a fallback would violate the multi-wrapper
+isolation requirement.
+
+## Features
+
+- Inner-first delete: `await inner.clear(signal)` propagates rejections.
+- Feature-detection of `cache.keys()` — both `AsyncIterable<string>`
+  and `Iterable<string>` returns are supported (the `for await` loop
+  works with both).
+- Namespaced eviction: only entries with the wrapper's
+  `${namespace}::` prefix are deleted; other wrappers' entries are
+  preserved.
+- Warning-on-skip: when `cache.keys` is missing, a structured warning
+  is logged through the optional `LoggerLike` so operators see why
+  `clear()` was a no-op against this backend.
+- `invalidateOnClear: false` skips the eviction path entirely — neither
+  `keys()` nor `delete()` is invoked.
+- Iteration errors swallow and bump `errors` (per the wrapper's
+  cache-failures-never-propagate contract).
+
+## Usage: Basic
+
+```ts
+import { clearThroughCache } from "./cached-storage.clear.js";
+
+await clearThroughCache(ctx, undefined);
+```
+
+## Usage: Advanced
+
+```ts
+import { clearThroughCache } from "./cached-storage.clear.js";
+
+// Provide a structured logger so operators observe the skip path.
+const ctxWithLogger: CachedStorageContext = {
+ ...ctx,
+ options: {
+  ...ctx.options,
+  logger: {
+   debug: () => {},
+   info: () => {},
+   warn: (msg, ctx) => console.warn(msg, ctx),
+   error: () => {},
+  },
+ },
+};
+
+await clearThroughCache(ctxWithLogger, signal);
+```
+
+## API Reference
+
+- `clearThroughCache(ctx, signal?): Promise<void>` — clears the inner
+  storage, then iterates namespaced cache keys when `cache.keys()` is
+  available, otherwise logs a warning and skips.
+
+## Implementation Notes
+
+The `hasKeys(cache)` predicate is a structural type guard — it does
+not import `AbstractCache` directly because the canonical contract
+omits `keys()`. Concrete cache implementations are free to expose it
+(`MemoryCache` in `@suaveplan/cache` does NOT today; `StorageCache`
+from `@suaveplan/cache-storage` does NOT today either; the test suite
+ships a `KeysCapableMemoryCache` test helper that DOES). Adding
+`keys()` to `AbstractCache` itself is a separate proposal documented
+in the parent change's "Affected upstreams" section. Iteration uses
+`for await…of` so both synchronous `Iterable<string>` and
+`AsyncIterable<string>` returns work; a backend that streams keys over
+the network can yield asynchronously without the wrapper needing to
+buffer the whole set.

docs/persistence/storage/storage-plugin-cache/src/cached-storage/cached-storage.context.md

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+# cached-storage.context — internal helper context
+
+## Purpose
+
+This module defines the `CachedStorageContext` shape that the per-method
+helper files (`cached-storage.get.ts`, `cached-storage.write.ts`,
+`cached-storage.delete.ts`, `cached-storage.clear.ts`,
+`cached-storage.passthrough.ts`) accept. The class in
+`cached-storage.ts` constructs one context and forwards it to each
+helper, so no helper imports the class directly and the implementation
+stays well below the 300-line per-file ceiling.
+
+The context bundles the four references the helpers need — the inner
+`AbstractStorage`, the backing `AbstractCache<Uint8Array>`, the
+resolved options bag, and the mutable stats counter — plus a
+`cacheKeyOf(ctx, key)` helper that computes the namespaced cache key
+exactly once. Centralising the key formatter prevents drift between
+helpers when the namespace separator (`"::"`) changes.
+
+## Features
+
+- Single `CachedStorageContext` interface re-used by every helper file.
+- `cacheKeyOf(ctx, key)` formatter so the `"::"` separator lives in one
+  place and the namespace prefix is applied uniformly across `get`,
+  `set`, `setPartial`, `delete`, and the `clear` iteration loop.
+- Stats counter held by reference so mutations performed in any helper
+  are immediately visible to `getCacheStats()` on the class.
+
+## Usage: Basic
+
+```ts
+import {
+ cacheKeyOf,
+ type CachedStorageContext,
+} from "./cached-storage.context.js";
+
+function example(ctx: CachedStorageContext, key: string): string {
+ return cacheKeyOf(ctx, key);
+}
+```
+
+## Usage: Advanced
+
+```ts
+import { cacheKeyOf } from "./cached-storage.context.js";
+
+async function readThroughHelper(
+ ctx: CachedStorageContext,
+ key: string,
+): Promise<Uint8Array | undefined> {
+ const cacheKey = cacheKeyOf(ctx, key);
+ const hit = await ctx.cache.get(cacheKey);
+ if (hit !== undefined) {
+  ctx.stats.hits += 1;
+  return hit;
+ }
+ ctx.stats.misses += 1;
+ return ctx.inner.get(key);
+}
+```
+
+## API Reference
+
+- `interface CachedStorageContext` — `{ inner, cache, options, stats }`.
+  `inner` and `cache` are readonly; `stats` is a mutable counter object.
+- `cacheKeyOf(ctx, key): string` — returns `\`${namespace}::${key}\``.
+
+## Implementation Notes
+
+The stats object is passed by reference, not by copy: every helper that
+increments a counter mutates the same `CachedStorageStats` instance
+that the class returns from `getCacheStats()` (after spreading into a
+fresh object for snapshot semantics). Helpers MUST NOT replace
+`ctx.stats` — only mutate its fields. The interface declares `stats`
+as a plain `CachedStorageStats` (not `Readonly<…>`) precisely so the
+helpers can perform `ctx.stats.hits += 1`. Consumers of the class
+never see the mutable reference; `getCacheStats()` always returns a
+fresh shallow copy.

docs/persistence/storage/storage-plugin-cache/src/cached-storage/cached-storage.delete.md

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+# cached-storage.delete — delete-through
+
+## Purpose
+
+This module owns the delete-through path of `CachedStorage.delete`.
+The wrapper forwards the deletion to the inner storage first; only on
+successful resolution does it evict the corresponding cache entry. The
+inner's boolean return value (whether the key existed) is propagated
+verbatim so consumers see the same surface as a direct
+`inner.delete(key)` call.
+
+Eviction happens even when the inner returns `false` (key was already
+absent). The reason: if the wrapper has a stale cache entry for a key
+that the inner doesn't know about, leaving it in place would mean a
+subsequent `get(key)` returns the stale bytes from the cache forever.
+Evicting on the "absent" path closes that gap.
+
+## Features
+
+- Post-success eviction — inner write completes, then cache evicts.
+- Inner `false` (key absent) still evicts cache to clear stale entries.
+- Failed `inner.delete` propagates; cache is NOT touched.
+- `invalidateOnDelete: false` opts out of eviction entirely (consumer
+  manages cache invalidation out of band).
+- Cache `delete` rejections swallow and bump `errors` (via the shared
+  `invalidateKey` helper in `cached-storage.write.ts`).
+
+## Usage: Basic
+
+```ts
+import { deleteThroughCache } from "./cached-storage.delete.js";
+
+const removed = await deleteThroughCache(ctx, "clip.mov", undefined);
+```
+
+## Usage: Advanced
+
+```ts
+import { deleteThroughCache } from "./cached-storage.delete.js";
+
+// Opt-out path: a higher-level orchestrator owns invalidation.
+const ctxNoInvalidate: CachedStorageContext = {
+ ...ctx,
+ options: { ...ctx.options, invalidateOnDelete: false },
+};
+const removed = await deleteThroughCache(ctxNoInvalidate, "video.bin", signal);
+if (removed) await ownOrchestrator.evict("video.bin");
+```
+
+## API Reference
+
+- `deleteThroughCache(ctx, key, signal?): Promise<boolean>` — delegates
+  to `inner.delete`, then evicts the cache entry (via
+  `invalidateKey` from `cached-storage.write.ts`) when
+  `invalidateOnDelete !== false`. Returns the inner's boolean verbatim.
+
+## Implementation Notes
+
+The "evict even on `false`" behaviour is explicitly documented in the
+spec (`### Requirement: delete invalidates the cache entry post-success`)
+because the alternative leaves the wrapper holding bytes that the inner
+no longer agrees with. The shared `invalidateKey` helper in
+`cached-storage.write.ts` is reused unchanged — same eviction
+semantics, same error swallow, same stats bookkeeping. Live abort
+signals are forwarded into `inner.delete`; the inner is responsible for
+raising the canonical aborted error. Pre-aborted signals are NOT
+specifically short-circuited here — the inner storage handles the
+canonical error path, and the cache eviction never fires because
+`inner.delete` rejects before we reach the `invalidateKey` call.

docs/persistence/storage/storage-plugin-cache/src/cached-storage/cached-storage.get.md

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+# cached-storage.get — read-through implementation
+
+## Purpose
+
+This module owns the read-through path of `CachedStorage.get(key, signal?)`.
+The implementation first consults the injected `AbstractCache<Uint8Array>`;
+on a hit it returns the cached bytes without touching the inner storage,
+on a miss it forwards to `inner.get(key, signal)` and (when the result
+passes the `shouldCache` predicate) populates the cache for the next
+read. Every cache-side failure is swallowed so a transient cache outage
+never turns a successful inner read into a thrown error.
+
+The function is exported separately from the class so the file stays
+well under the 300-line ceiling and the tests can assert the
+read-through state machine directly without instantiating the class.
+
+## Features
+
+- Pre-aborted signal short-circuit — forwards to `inner.get(key, signal)`
+  so the inner raises the canonical `STORAGE.ABORTED` error.
+- Namespaced cache key (`${namespace}::${key}`) computed via
+  `cacheKeyOf`.
+- Cache hit returns the cached bytes; bumps `hits`; emits a hit-outcome
+  span and counter increment.
+- Cache miss bumps `misses`, forwards to inner; on a non-`undefined`
+  result, applies `shouldCache(key, bytes)` and (on pass) populates
+  via `cache.set(cacheKey, bytes)`. Populations bump `populations` and
+  observe `entry_bytes`.
+- `cache.get` rejection: swallow, bump `errors`, fall through to inner.
+- `cache.set` rejection: swallow, bump `errors`, still return the bytes
+  from the inner read.
+- `inner.get` returning `undefined` is never cached (no negative caching).
+
+## Usage: Basic
+
+```ts
+import { getThroughCache } from "./cached-storage.get.js";
+
+const bytes = await getThroughCache(ctx, "clip.mov", undefined);
+```
+
+## Usage: Advanced
+
+```ts
+import { getThroughCache } from "./cached-storage.get.js";
+import { cacheKeyOf } from "./cached-storage.context.js";
+
+// Stale-while-revalidate over the wrapper: read through the cache,
+// then refresh in the background via the underlying cache.wrap().
+const bytes = await getThroughCache(ctx, "clip.mov", undefined);
+queueMicrotask(() =>
+ ctx.cache.wrap(cacheKeyOf(ctx, "clip.mov"), () => ctx.inner.get("clip.mov")),
+);
+```
+
+## API Reference
+
+- `getThroughCache(ctx, key, signal?): Promise<Uint8Array | undefined>` —
+  read-through. `ctx: CachedStorageContext`. Mutates `ctx.stats` and
+  emits OTel records on every code path.
+
+## Implementation Notes
+
+We deliberately call `inner.get` even when the cache returned a
+rejection (rather than re-throwing the cache's error to the caller)
+because the wrapper's correctness boundary is the inner storage: a
+cache fault is a performance regression, never a data fault. The
+post-hit short-circuit also means a healthy cache observes the inner
+storage exactly once for the key's lifetime, which is the entire point
+of the decorator. When `shouldCache` returns `false`, the population
+counter does NOT increment and the entry is never written to the cache;
+the next call will re-issue a miss and another `inner.get`. Consumers
+who want strict size-only filtering should leave `shouldCache` at its
+default (`bytes.byteLength <= maxEntryBytes`); custom predicates can
+inspect the key (e.g. only cache `*.json` paths) or the bytes (e.g.
+skip identifiable garbage).

docs/persistence/storage/storage-plugin-cache/src/cached-storage/cached-storage.md

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+# cached-storage — `CachedStorage` class
+
+<!-- begin:auto-docs -->
+_(no submodules)_
+<!-- end:auto-docs -->
+
+## Purpose
+
+`CachedStorage` is a read-through cache decorator that extends
+`AbstractStorage` from `@suaveplan/storage`. It wraps an inner
+`AbstractStorage` instance with an injectable
+`AbstractCache<Uint8Array>` so every `get(key)` consults the cache
+first, falls through to the inner storage on miss, and populates the
+cache on success. Writes (`set`, `setPartial`), deletes, and the bulk
+`clear` invalidate the corresponding cache entry post-success.
+
+Because the class extends `AbstractStorage`, every consumer in the
+ecosystem that takes an `AbstractStorage` (drive, storage-uri
+plugins, application code that accepts a `StorageLike`) accepts a
+`CachedStorage` with zero adjustment.
+
+## Features
+
+- Implements every abstract method on `AbstractStorage`: `get`, `set`,
+  `setPartial`, `delete`, `exists`, `list`, `clear`, `getWithMetadata`,
+  `getMetadata`, `getSize`, `getItemSize`, `getPartial`,
+  `createReadStream`, `createWriteStream`.
+- Exposes `readonly cache: AbstractCache<Uint8Array>` and
+  `readonly inner: AbstractStorage` so consumers can introspect the
+  wrapped instances or call `cache.wrap()` for stale-while-revalidate
+  on top of the wrapper.
+- `getCacheStats()` returns a fresh snapshot of the wrapper's own
+  counters (`hits`, `misses`, `populations`, `invalidations`, `errors`).
+  Distinct from `AbstractStorage.getStats()` (inherited) which counts
+  the inner storage's operations.
+- Synchronous validation: nullish inner throws
+  `STORAGE_CACHE.INNER_MISSING`; missing/malformed cache throws
+  `STORAGE_CACHE.INVALID_OPTIONS`.
+- Per-method helpers in sibling files (`.get.ts`, `.write.ts`,
+  `.delete.ts`, `.clear.ts`, `.passthrough.ts`, `.signal.ts`) keep the
+  class file well under the 300-line ceiling and isolate each behaviour
+  for testing.
+
+## Usage: Basic
+
+```ts
+import { CachedStorage } from "@suaveplan/storage-plugin-cache/cached-storage";
+import { MemoryCache } from "@suaveplan/cache";
+import { NodeFsStorage } from "@suaveplan/storage-file";
+
+const inner = new NodeFsStorage({ rootDir: "/var/media" });
+const cache = new MemoryCache<Uint8Array>();
+const wrapper = new CachedStorage(inner, { cache });
+
+const bytes = await wrapper.get("clip.mov");
+await wrapper.set("clip.mov", new Uint8Array([1, 2, 3]));
+```
+
+## Usage: Advanced
+
+```ts
+import { CachedStorage } from "@suaveplan/storage-plugin-cache/cached-storage";
+
+const wrapper = new CachedStorage(inner, {
+ cache,
+ namespace: "media",
+ shouldCache: (key, bytes) =>
+  key.endsWith(".json") || bytes.byteLength < 256 * 1024,
+ invalidateOnClear: false, // application owns clear-time eviction
+});
+
+// Inspect the underlying cache and run stale-while-revalidate.
+const bytes = await wrapper.cache.wrap(
+ `media::clip.mov`,
+ () => wrapper.inner.get("clip.mov"),
+ { staleAge: 60_000 },
+);
+
+console.log(wrapper.getCacheStats());
+```
+
+## API Reference
+
+- `new CachedStorage(inner, options)` — constructor. Throws
+  `STORAGE_CACHE.INNER_MISSING` / `INVALID_OPTIONS` synchronously.
+- `readonly cache: AbstractCache<Uint8Array>`.
+- `readonly inner: AbstractStorage`.
+- `getCacheStats(): CachedStorageStats` — fresh snapshot.
+- Every `AbstractStorage` abstract method implemented.
+- `validateOptions(options)` — exported synchronous validator used by
+  the factory.
+
+## Implementation Notes
+
+The class holds a private `CachedStorageContext` containing the inner
+reference, the cache reference, the resolved options bag, and the
+mutable stats object. Each abstract method delegates to a helper
+function in a sibling file that takes the context plus the method's
+arguments. This split is mandatory to stay under the 300-line per-file
+ceiling — the alternative would be a monolithic class file that mixes
+unrelated state machines. The helpers do not import the class
+directly, so the dependency graph in `src/cached-storage/` is a
+DAG with `cached-storage.ts` at the top and the per-op files as leaves.
+Inherited methods like `batch`, `namespace`, `getdel`, `mdelete`,
+`listWithPattern`, `getStats`, `resetStats`, and event/hook surfaces
+on `AbstractStorage` are NOT overridden — they call through to our
+own `get`/`set`/`delete`/`list` and pick up the cache layer
+transparently.

docs/persistence/storage/storage-plugin-cache/src/cached-storage/cached-storage.passthrough.md

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+# cached-storage.passthrough — pure delegates
+
+## Purpose
+
+This module owns the passthrough surface of `CachedStorage` — every
+abstract method on `AbstractStorage` that does NOT participate in the
+cache layer. Nine helpers delegate verbatim to the inner storage:
+`exists`, `list`, `getWithMetadata`, `getMetadata`, `getSize`,
+`getItemSize`, `getPartial`, `createReadStream`, `createWriteStream`.
+None of them consult or mutate the cache.
+
+The wrapper's value-add is intentionally scoped to whole-object reads
+(`get`) and whole-object invalidations (`set`, `setPartial`, `delete`,
+`clear`). Caching metadata, byte ranges, or stream chunks belongs at a
+different tier — see `@suaveplan/storage-http`'s `EtagCache` for ETag
+caching, and the planned `cacheUriPlugin` for URI-resolver caching.
+
+## Features
+
+- Nine pure delegates, one per abstract method.
+- Return values flow through unchanged — `StorageListResult`,
+  `StorageResult<Uint8Array> | null`, `StorageMetadata | null`,
+  `number`, `number | null`, `Uint8Array | null`,
+  `ReadableStream<Uint8Array>`, `WritableStream<Uint8Array>`.
+- Signal forwarded — `inner.list(opts, signal)`,
+  `inner.exists(key, signal)`, etc.
+- Zero state mutation on the wrapper — no stats counter increments, no
+  cache calls, no OTel records.
+
+## Usage: Basic
+
+```ts
+import { existsPassthrough } from "./cached-storage.passthrough.js";
+
+const yes = await existsPassthrough(ctx, "clip.mov", undefined);
+```
+
+## Usage: Advanced
+
+```ts
+import {
+ listPassthrough,
+ createReadStreamPassthrough,
+} from "./cached-storage.passthrough.js";
+
+// Listing is a passthrough — pagination semantics are owned entirely
+// by the inner storage.
+const page = await listPassthrough(
+ ctx,
+ { prefix: "media/", limit: 100 },
+ signal,
+);
+
+// Streaming reads bypass the cache by design. Consumers needing
+// cached streaming should layer a URI-tier cache on top.
+const stream = createReadStreamPassthrough(ctx, "video.bin", signal);
+for await (const chunk of stream) console.log(chunk.byteLength);
+```
+
+## API Reference
+
+Every helper takes `(ctx: CachedStorageContext, …args)` and returns
+exactly what the matching `AbstractStorage` abstract method returns:
+
+- `existsPassthrough(ctx, key, signal?)`
+- `listPassthrough(ctx, options?, signal?)`
+- `getWithMetadataPassthrough(ctx, key, signal?)`
+- `getMetadataPassthrough(ctx, key, signal?)`
+- `getSizePassthrough(ctx, signal?)`
+- `getItemSizePassthrough(ctx, key, signal?)`
+- `getPartialPassthrough(ctx, key, offset, length, signal?)`
+- `createReadStreamPassthrough(ctx, key, signal?)`
+- `createWriteStreamPassthrough(ctx, key, signal?)`
+
+## Implementation Notes
+
+The helpers are written as one-liners that return the inner's promise
+or stream directly, so there is no asynchronous bookkeeping in the
+wrapper for any passthrough op. The test suite asserts this property
+explicitly: every passthrough test installs a fake cache whose
+`get`/`set`/`delete` would throw if invoked, then exercises the
+passthrough method and verifies neither the failure nor a side-effect
+on the cache counters fires. This matters because adding cache logic
+to (say) `getMetadata` later would silently introduce an invalidation
+surface that consumers don't expect; keeping the passthrough wall
+explicit prevents accidental scope creep.

docs/persistence/storage/storage-plugin-cache/src/cached-storage/cached-storage.signal.md

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+# cached-storage.signal — pre-aborted AbortSignal short-circuit
+
+## Purpose
+
+This helper centralises the wrapper's policy for a pre-aborted
+`AbortSignal`: every public method that takes a signal MUST consult
+`isPreAborted(signal)` before touching the cache and, when the signal
+is already aborted, MUST forward the call directly to the inner
+storage. The inner is then responsible for raising the canonical
+`STORAGE.ABORTED` (or backend-specific) error.
+
+Centralising the check in one tiny function keeps the policy uniform
+across `get`, `set`, `setPartial`, `delete`, and `clear`. The function
+is intentionally simple — `signal?.aborted === true` — so the contract
+matches the standard `AbortSignal` semantics with no surprise.
+
+## Features
+
+- Single-statement pre-abort check used by every public op.
+- Returns `false` when `signal` is `undefined` (no signal supplied).
+- Returns `true` only when the signal exists AND `signal.aborted === true`.
+- Zero allocations, zero side effects.
+
+## Usage: Basic
+
+```ts
+import { isPreAborted } from "./cached-storage.signal.js";
+
+if (isPreAborted(signal)) {
+ return inner.get(key, signal);
+}
+```
+
+## Usage: Advanced
+
+```ts
+import { isPreAborted } from "./cached-storage.signal.js";
+
+async function readThrough(
+ key: string,
+ signal: AbortSignal | undefined,
+ hot: () => Promise<Uint8Array | undefined>,
+ cold: () => Promise<Uint8Array | undefined>,
+): Promise<Uint8Array | undefined> {
+ if (isPreAborted(signal)) return cold();
+ const hit = await hot();
+ return hit ?? cold();
+}
+```
+
+## API Reference
+
+- `isPreAborted(signal: AbortSignal | undefined): boolean` — `true` when
+  `signal` is non-nullish and `signal.aborted === true`.
+
+## Implementation Notes
+
+We deliberately do NOT call `signal.throwIfAborted()` here — the
+contract is that the inner storage raises the canonical aborted error
+when it sees a pre-aborted signal, so the wrapper just forwards. This
+keeps the error code on the resulting throwable consistent with what a
+direct call against the inner would produce (e.g. `STORAGE.ABORTED`
+from `@suaveplan/storage`, `STORAGE_HTTP.ABORTED` from
+`@suaveplan/storage-http`). Live signals (non-aborted at call time but
+that may abort mid-flight) are not handled here; they are threaded into
+the inner storage's call and through to the cache (when the backend
+accepts a signal argument) by the individual op helpers.

docs/persistence/storage/storage-plugin-cache/src/cached-storage/cached-storage.write.md

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+# cached-storage.write — set / setPartial write-through
+
+## Purpose
+
+This module owns the write-through path of `CachedStorage.set` and
+`CachedStorage.setPartial`. Both ops invoke the inner storage first;
+only on successful resolution do they invalidate the corresponding
+cache entry. A failed inner write propagates and the cache entry is
+left intact — partial cache invalidation on a failed write would leave
+the cache in a state inconsistent with the inner store.
+
+`setPartial` invalidates the whole entry (not the modified range)
+because the wrapper never caches byte ranges; the only invariant the
+cache enforces is "if the entry exists, it equals the latest
+`inner.get(key)` result". A partial write to any byte makes the cached
+entry stale as a whole, so we evict it.
+
+## Features
+
+- Post-success invalidation — write completes, then cache evicts. The
+  pre-write alternative opens a race window where a concurrent read
+  could repopulate the cache with the pre-write bytes mid-flight.
+- `invalidateOnWrite: false` skips invalidation for both `set` and
+  `setPartial` — consumers who manage their own consistency can opt out.
+- Cache `delete` failures swallow and bump `errors`.
+- Invalidations are namespaced — `${namespace}::${key}` — so wrappers
+  sharing one cache instance with distinct namespaces never collide.
+
+## Usage: Basic
+
+```ts
+import { setWriteThrough } from "./cached-storage.write.js";
+
+await setWriteThrough(ctx, "clip.mov", bytes, undefined, undefined);
+```
+
+## Usage: Advanced
+
+```ts
+import {
+ setWriteThrough,
+ setPartialWriteThrough,
+ invalidateKey,
+} from "./cached-storage.write.js";
+
+// 1. Targeted write-through using a non-default StorageOptions bag.
+await setWriteThrough(ctx, "video.bin", merged, { ttl: 60_000 }, signal);
+
+// 2. Partial write that evicts the whole entry.
+await setPartialWriteThrough(ctx, "video.bin", 100, patch, signal);
+
+// 3. Manually invalidate from a higher-level orchestrator without
+//    re-running the inner write (e.g. after an out-of-band mutation).
+await invalidateKey(ctx, "video.bin");
+```
+
+## API Reference
+
+- `setWriteThrough(ctx, key, value, options?, signal?): Promise<void>` —
+  delegates to `inner.set` then evicts the cache entry on success when
+  `invalidateOnWrite !== false`.
+- `setPartialWriteThrough(ctx, key, offset, value, signal?): Promise<void>` —
+  delegates to `inner.setPartial`, then evicts the whole entry on success
+  when `invalidateOnWrite !== false`.
+- `invalidateKey(ctx, key): Promise<void>` — pure cache eviction with
+  error swallow + stats. Re-used by `delete` (in `cached-storage.delete.ts`).
+
+## Implementation Notes
+
+We pass `undefined` through to `inner.set`'s `options` argument
+verbatim — the wrapper never strips or augments per-call storage
+options. `setPartial`'s whole-entry invalidation is conservative and
+correct; the only alternative (caching byte ranges) is out of scope
+because range invalidation across overlapping writes is a separate
+design problem (see proposal §"Out of scope"). The `invalidateKey`
+helper is exported because the `delete` op shares the same eviction
+semantics; co-locating it here keeps the eviction logic in one place.

docs/persistence/storage/storage-plugin-cache/src/error-codes/error-codes.md

@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+# error-codes — STORAGE_CACHE\_\* registry
+
+<!-- begin:auto-docs -->
+_(no submodules)_
+<!-- end:auto-docs -->
+
+## Purpose
+
+This module owns the canonical registry of error codes raised by
+`@suaveplan/storage-plugin-cache`. The package deliberately keeps its own
+error surface narrow: only synchronous configuration faults at construction
+time map to a `STORAGE_CACHE.*` code. Every other failure — inner storage
+errors (`STORAGE.*`, `STORAGE_HTTP.*`, …), cache backend errors (`CACHE.*`)
+— flows through the wrapper with its original namespaced code intact so
+the consumer can route on the real root cause.
+
+Two codes are defined: `STORAGE_CACHE.INVALID_OPTIONS` (raised when the
+options bag is missing `cache` or the supplied cache lacks `get`/`set`/
+`delete`) and `STORAGE_CACHE.INNER_MISSING` (raised when the wrapped
+inner storage is nullish). Both are produced via `defineCodes` so the
+emitted strings (`"STORAGE_CACHE.INVALID_OPTIONS"`, `"STORAGE_CACHE.INNER_MISSING"`)
+are stable, type-safe, and reachable from concrete call sites.
+
+## Features
+
+- Frozen registry produced by `defineCodes("STORAGE_CACHE", […])` —
+  no enums, no string drift.
+- `CachedStorageErrorCode` discriminated union for exhaustive switch
+  coverage.
+- `CachedStorageError` subclass of `SuaveplanError<CachedStorageErrorCode>`
+  carrying optional `key` and `namespace` discriminants so operators can
+  correlate failures with the wrapper instance.
+- Both codes reachable from `factory.ts` / `cached-storage.ts` —
+  verified by `error-codes.test.ts`.
+
+## Usage: Basic
+
+```ts
+import {
+ STORAGE_CACHE_CODES,
+ CachedStorageError,
+} from "@suaveplan/storage-plugin-cache/error-codes";
+
+throw new CachedStorageError(
+ STORAGE_CACHE_CODES.INVALID_OPTIONS,
+ "cache option is required",
+);
+```
+
+## Usage: Advanced
+
+```ts
+import {
+ STORAGE_CACHE_CODES,
+ CachedStorageError,
+ type CachedStorageErrorCode,
+} from "@suaveplan/storage-plugin-cache/error-codes";
+
+function describe(err: CachedStorageError): string {
+ const code: CachedStorageErrorCode = err.code;
+ switch (code) {
+  case STORAGE_CACHE_CODES.INNER_MISSING:
+   return `inner storage missing (namespace=${err.namespace ?? "?"})`;
+  case STORAGE_CACHE_CODES.INVALID_OPTIONS:
+   return `invalid options (key=${err.key ?? "?"})`;
+ }
+}
+```
+
+## API Reference
+
+- `STORAGE_CACHE_CODES` — frozen record `{ INVALID_OPTIONS, INNER_MISSING }`.
+- `CachedStorageErrorCode` — `(typeof STORAGE_CACHE_CODES)[keyof …]` union.
+- `CachedStorageErrorOptions extends SuaveplanErrorOptions` — adds
+  `key?: string` and `namespace?: string`.
+- `CachedStorageError extends SuaveplanError<CachedStorageErrorCode>` —
+  constructor `(code, message, options?)`. Sets `this.name`.
+
+## Implementation Notes
+
+The registry is built via `defineCodes` from `@suaveplan/error` so the
+namespace prefix (`"STORAGE_CACHE"`) and reasons (`"INVALID_OPTIONS"`,
+`"INNER_MISSING"`) cannot drift apart at runtime; the type system enforces
+that every member resolves to the fully-qualified `STORAGE_CACHE.<REASON>`
+string. The error class derives directly from `SuaveplanError` so the
+cause chain, redaction hook, and OTel span-event adapter on the base
+class all apply unchanged. We intentionally do NOT shadow the existing
+`CachedStorageError` exported by `@suaveplan/cache-storage` (that one
+carries `CACHE_STORAGE.*` codes) — package-qualified imports
+(`@suaveplan/storage-plugin-cache/error-codes`) disambiguate when
+consumers happen to depend on both packages at once.

docs/persistence/storage/storage-plugin-cache/src/factory/factory.md

@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+# factory — `cachedStorage(inner, options)`
+
+<!-- begin:auto-docs -->
+_(no submodules)_
+<!-- end:auto-docs -->
+
+## Purpose
+
+This module exports the `cachedStorage(inner, options)` factory — a
+thin convenience over `new CachedStorage(inner, options)`. The factory
+exists so consumers can adopt the same call shape as the rest of the
+ecosystem (`createCache`, `createHttpStorage`, `createNodeFsStorage`,
+…) without choosing between `new` and a function call. The factory
+delegates entirely to the constructor; every validation is performed
+synchronously by `validateOptions` inside the class itself.
+
+The factory's surface is one line of implementation by design: the
+validation logic, the `cache`/`inner`/`getCacheStats` accessors, and
+the full `AbstractStorage` method set all live on the class. Splitting
+the factory into a separate module keeps the import boundary clean
+(consumers only have to import one symbol to build the wrapper).
+
+## Features
+
+- Single-line wrapper that returns `new CachedStorage(inner, options)`.
+- Inherits every synchronous validation: nullish `inner` →
+  `STORAGE_CACHE.INNER_MISSING`; missing/malformed `options.cache` →
+  `STORAGE_CACHE.INVALID_OPTIONS`.
+- Returns a fully-typed `CachedStorage` (not `AbstractStorage`) so
+  consumers retain access to the wrapper-specific surface (`cache`,
+  `inner`, `getCacheStats`) without a cast.
+
+## Usage: Basic
+
+```ts
+import { cachedStorage } from "@suaveplan/storage-plugin-cache";
+import { MemoryCache } from "@suaveplan/cache";
+import { createHttpStorage } from "@suaveplan/storage-http";
+
+const inner = createHttpStorage({ baseUrl: "https://cdn.example.com/" });
+const cache = new MemoryCache<Uint8Array>();
+const wrapper = cachedStorage(inner, { cache });
+
+const bytes = await wrapper.get("clip.mov");
+```
+
+## Usage: Advanced
+
+```ts
+import { cachedStorage } from "@suaveplan/storage-plugin-cache";
+
+const wrapper = cachedStorage(inner, {
+ cache,
+ namespace: "media-prod",
+ invalidateOnWrite: true,
+ invalidateOnClear: false,
+ shouldCache: (key, bytes) =>
+  key.startsWith("hot/") && bytes.byteLength < 1_048_576,
+ maxEntryBytes: 4 * 1024 * 1024,
+ logger: appLogger,
+});
+
+// The returned instance is structurally an AbstractStorage,
+// so it composes with anything that takes one.
+const drive = new Drive({ defaultStorage: wrapper });
+```
+
+## API Reference
+
+- `cachedStorage(inner: AbstractStorage, options: CachedStorageOptions): CachedStorage`
+  — returns a new `CachedStorage`. Throws `CachedStorageError` with code
+  `STORAGE_CACHE.INNER_MISSING` (nullish inner) or
+  `STORAGE_CACHE.INVALID_OPTIONS` (missing/malformed cache) synchronously.
+
+## Implementation Notes
+
+The factory is a pure forwarding function so its behavior matches the
+constructor's exactly — there is no surface-level difference between
+`new CachedStorage(inner, opts)` and `cachedStorage(inner, opts)`.
+Consumers picking between the two should base the choice on style
+(factory for functional composition, `new` for explicit class
+instantiation). Validation lives on the class so the same errors fire
+regardless of entry point. Future extensions (e.g. lazy plugin
+registries that decorate the result) can layer on top of the factory
+without changing the class contract.

docs/persistence/storage/storage-plugin-cache/src/otel/otel.md

@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+# otel — OpenTelemetry instrumentation for the storage-cache decorator
+
+<!-- begin:auto-docs -->
+_(no submodules)_
+<!-- end:auto-docs -->
+
+## Purpose
+
+This module wires the OpenTelemetry meter and tracer used by every
+`CachedStorage` instance. The wrapper emits five counters plus one
+histogram plus per-operation spans on a fixed `@suaveplan/storage-cache`
+meter/tracer name, so a single application can observe every cache
+decorator in the process without per-instance wiring.
+
+The instruments are built lazily on first access and cached. An optional
+`setStorageCacheMeterProvider(provider)` hook lets test code (or
+unusual hosting setups) override the global `MeterProvider` without
+restarting the process. `resetInstruments()` clears the cached bag so a
+subsequent access binds to the active provider.
+
+## Features
+
+- Counters: `storage_cache.{hits,misses,populations,invalidations,errors}_total{namespace}`.
+- Histogram: `storage_cache.entry_bytes{namespace}` observing each
+  population with the cached entry's byte length.
+- Spans: one per public op tagged with
+  `storage.cache.namespace`, `storage.cache.key`, and
+  `storage.cache.outcome ∈ {hit, miss, populated, invalidated, error}`.
+- `errors_total` carries an additional `op ∈ {get, set, delete, clear}`
+  label so operators can attribute a failure to the specific surface.
+- Provider override + reset hooks for test isolation.
+
+## Usage: Basic
+
+```ts
+import { recordHit } from "@suaveplan/storage-plugin-cache/otel";
+
+recordHit("media", "clip.mov");
+```
+
+## Usage: Advanced
+
+```ts
+import {
+ getInstruments,
+ resetInstruments,
+ setStorageCacheMeterProvider,
+} from "@suaveplan/storage-plugin-cache/otel";
+
+// Inject a test MeterProvider before exercising the wrapper.
+setStorageCacheMeterProvider(testProvider);
+resetInstruments();
+const inst = getInstruments();
+console.log(inst.tracer, inst.meter);
+
+// Revert once the test completes.
+setStorageCacheMeterProvider(undefined);
+```
+
+## API Reference
+
+- `setStorageCacheMeterProvider(provider | undefined)` — install/clear
+  the override `MeterProvider`. Resets the cached instrument bag.
+- `getInstruments(force?)` — return the cached bag, building it on
+  first call. `force === true` rebuilds against the active provider.
+- `resetInstruments()` — clear the cached bag.
+- `recordHit(namespace, key)` — bump `hits_total`, emit a span.
+- `recordMiss(namespace, key)` — bump `misses_total`, emit a span.
+- `recordPopulate(namespace, key, bytes)` — bump `populations_total`,
+  observe `entry_bytes`, emit a span.
+- `recordInvalidate(namespace, key)` — bump `invalidations_total`,
+  emit a span.
+- `recordError(op, namespace, key)` — bump `errors_total{op}`, emit a span.
+- `StorageCacheOutcome` — `"hit" | "miss" | "populated" | "invalidated" | "error"`.
+
+## Implementation Notes
+
+The cached instrument bag binds the counters and histogram to whichever
+`MeterProvider` was active at first access. Tests that swap providers
+between assertions MUST call `resetInstruments()` (or the
+`setStorageCacheMeterProvider(provider)` helper, which calls it
+internally) to drop the stale bag before the next access. Spans are
+ended synchronously inside the `record*` helpers so callers do not need
+to manage a span lifecycle — every emitted span represents one
+observable outcome at the moment of the cache decision. Span names
+match the operation surface (`storage_cache.get`, `storage_cache.populate`,
+`storage_cache.invalidate`, `storage_cache.set` etc.) so a tracing
+backend's flame graph reflects the cache decorator's behaviour
+distinctly from the inner storage's spans.