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# @suaveplan/cbor - RFC 8949 CBOR encoder/decoder + RFC 8742 sequences + RFC 9052 COSE bridge + RFC 8392 CWT + RFC 8610 CDDL — zero browser/Node deps
## Summary
RFC 8949 (CBOR) encoder + decoder, RFC 8742 (CBOR Sequences), pull-style
streaming decoder (`AsyncIterable<Uint8Array>` / `ReadableStream<Uint8Array>`),
RFC 9052 §7 `COSE_Key` ↔ JWK round-trip + IANA algorithm bridge,
deterministic-encoding shortcut, RFC 8949 §8 diagnostic notation, tag
registry with IANA built-in handlers, and a strict §5.1 well-formedness
predicate. Universal — runs unmodified in Bun, Node, Deno, and the
browser. Zero browser/Node deps.
> **Wave 1 status.** This package is the foundational codec layer. Larger
> capabilities authored in the design proposal —
> COSE structures (RFC 9052 §4–§6), CWT (RFC 8392), CDDL (RFC 8610), and the
> `ChunkDecoder` partial-item streaming surface — are scoped IN and queued
> as follow-up waves on top of this codec.
<!-- begin:auto-docs -->
## Documentation tree
- [ast](./src/cddl/ast.md) — Typed AST shapes per RFC 8610 §3 — the contract between the parser and the validator (and any future code generator). E…
- [lexer](./src/cddl/lexer.md) — CDDL tokenizer per RFC 8610 §3 ABNF grammar. Reads a CDDL source string and emits a sequence of `Token` objects termina…
- [parser](./src/cddl/parser.md) — CDDL parser per RFC 8610 §3 grammar. Consumes the token stream from the `tokenize` function and produces a typed AST (`…
- [validate](./src/cddl/validate.md) — Walk a decoded CBOR value against a parsed CDDL schema and report the first mismatch (with a JSON-pointer-like path). T…
- [alg-map](./src/cose/alg-map.md) — Bridge between IANA COSE Algorithm identifiers (`CoseAlg` literal strings or the equivalent numeric labels from RFC 905…
- [cose-key](./src/cose/cose-key.md) — Decodes and encodes RFC 9052 §7 `COSE_Key` structures. The decoder maps an RFC-encoded CBOR map onto a typed discrimina…
- [encrypt](./src/cose/encrypt.md) — `COSE_Encrypt` (RFC 9052 §5.1) — multi-recipient AEAD-encrypted COSE message in CBOR tag 96. Each recipient holds its o…
- [encrypt0](./src/cose/encrypt0.md) — `COSE_Encrypt0` (RFC 9052 §5.2) — single-recipient AEAD-encrypted COSE message in CBOR tag 16. Wraps AES-256-GCM and Ch…
- [headers](./src/cose/headers.md) — Typed `CoseHeader` map shape covering RFC 9052 §3.1 + IANA COSE Header Parameters (alg, crit, content type, kid, IV, Pa…
- [jwk](./src/cose/jwk.md) — Round-trip converter between RFC 9052 `COSE_Key` instances and RFC 7517 JWK shapes. WebAuthn attestation flows often ne…
- [mac](./src/cose/mac.md) — `COSE_Mac` (RFC 9052 §6.1) — multi-recipient MAC message in CBOR tag 97. Each recipient gets a wrapped copy of the cont…
- [mac0](./src/cose/mac0.md) — `COSE_Mac0` (RFC 9052 §6.2) — single-recipient MAC message in CBOR tag 17. Used for symmetric-key authentication of CWT…
- [sig-structure](./src/cose/sig-structure.md) — Builders for the canonical input to COSE signature, MAC, and AEAD computations per RFC 9052 §4.4 / §6.3 / §5.3. Every s…
- [sign](./src/cose/sign.md) — `COSE_Sign` (RFC 9052 §4.1) — multi-signer COSE message in CBOR tag 98. Use when a payload needs to be co-signed by mul…
- [sign1](./src/cose/sign1.md) — `COSE_Sign1` (RFC 9052 §4.2) — single-signer COSE message in CBOR tag 18. WebAuthn attestation, COSE-signed firmware, a…
- [claims](./src/cwt/claims.md) — Encode and decode RFC 8392 CBOR Web Token claim sets. The seven IANA- registered claims (`iss`, `sub`, `aud`, `exp`, `n…
- [verify](./src/cwt/verify.md) — End-to-end CWT verification: parse the COSE wrapper, verify the signature or MAC, decode the claim set, and check the s…
- [decoder](./src/decoder/decoder.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_ <!-- end:auto-docs --> - half-float — Decodes 2 big-endian bytes representin…
- [decoder](./src/decoder/decoder.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_ <!-- end:auto-docs --> - half-float — Decodes 2 big-endian bytes representin…
- [half-float](./src/decoder/half-float.md) — Decodes 2 big-endian bytes representing IEEE 754 binary16 to a JavaScript `number`. The decoder is always available — n…
- [well-formed](./src/decoder/well-formed.md) — `isWellFormed(bytes)` returns `true` iff `bytes` represent a single well-formed CBOR item per RFC 8949 §5.1. The functi…
- [deterministic](./src/deterministic/deterministic.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_ <!-- end:auto-docs -->
- [deterministic](./src/deterministic/deterministic.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_ <!-- end:auto-docs -->
- [diagnostic](./src/diagnostic/diagnostic.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_ <!-- end:auto-docs -->
- [diagnostic](./src/diagnostic/diagnostic.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_ <!-- end:auto-docs -->
- [encoder](./src/encoder/encoder.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_ <!-- end:auto-docs --> - half-float — Encodes a JavaScript `number` as IEEE……
- [encoder](./src/encoder/encoder.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_ <!-- end:auto-docs --> - half-float — Encodes a JavaScript `number` as IEEE……
- [half-float](./src/encoder/half-float.md) — Encodes a JavaScript `number` as IEEE 754 binary16 (CBOR major 7 / value 25) when the round-trip is exact, and otherwis…
- [errors](./src/errors/error-codes.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_ <!-- end:auto-docs -->
- [error-codes](./src/errors/error-codes.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_ <!-- end:auto-docs -->
- [sequences](./src/sequences/sequences.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_ <!-- end:auto-docs -->
- [sequences](./src/sequences/sequences.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_ <!-- end:auto-docs -->
- [chunk-decoder](./src/streaming/chunk-decoder.md) — Partial-item streaming decoder. While `PullDecoder` yields one whole CBOR item at a time (waiting until each item is fu…
- [pull-decoder](./src/streaming/pull-decoder.md) — `PullDecoder` is a pull-style streaming decoder over an `AsyncIterable<Uint8Array>` or `ReadableStream<Uint8Array>`. Ea…
- [builtin](./src/tags/builtin.md) — Provides `defaultTagHandlers()`, a `TagRegistry` populated with handlers for the most-used IANA-registered CBOR tags. C…
- [registry](./src/tags/registry.md) — `TagRegistry` is the in-memory mutable container for CBOR tag handlers. The decoder consults a snapshot of the registry…
- [tagged](./src/tags/tagged.md) — Provides the `Tagged<T>` value object used by `@suaveplan/cbor` to materialise RFC 8949 §3.4 tagged items. The decoder…
<!-- end:auto-docs --> - half-float — Decodes 2 big-endian bytes representin…
- [decoder](./src/decoder/decoder.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_- half-float — Decodes 2 big-endian bytes representin…
- [half-float](./src/decoder/half-float.md) — Decodes 2 big-endian bytes representing IEEE 754 binary16 to a JavaScript `number`. The decoder is always available — n…
- [well-formed](./src/decoder/well-formed.md) — `isWellFormed(bytes)` returns `true` iff `bytes` represent a single well-formed CBOR item per RFC 8949 §5.1. The functi…
- [deterministic](./src/deterministic/deterministic.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_- [deterministic](./src/deterministic/deterministic.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_- [diagnostic](./src/diagnostic/diagnostic.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_- [diagnostic](./src/diagnostic/diagnostic.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_- [encoder](./src/encoder/encoder.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_- half-float — Encodes a JavaScript `number` as IEEE……
- [encoder](./src/encoder/encoder.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_- half-float — Encodes a JavaScript `number` as IEEE……
- [half-float](./src/encoder/half-float.md) — Encodes a JavaScript `number` as IEEE 754 binary16 (CBOR major 7 / value 25) when the round-trip is exact, and otherwis…
- [errors](./src/errors/error-codes.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_- [error-codes](./src/errors/error-codes.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_- [sequences](./src/sequences/sequences.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_- [sequences](./src/sequences/sequences.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_- [chunk-decoder](./src/streaming/chunk-decoder.md) — Partial-item streaming decoder. While `PullDecoder` yields one whole CBOR item at a time (waiting until each item is fu…
- [pull-decoder](./src/streaming/pull-decoder.md) — `PullDecoder` is a pull-style streaming decoder over an `AsyncIterable<Uint8Array>` or `ReadableStream<Uint8Array>`. Ea…
- [builtin](./src/tags/builtin.md) — Provides `defaultTagHandlers()`, a `TagRegistry` populated with handlers for the most-used IANA-registered CBOR tags. C…
- [registry](./src/tags/registry.md) — `TagRegistry` is the in-memory mutable container for CBOR tag handlers. The decoder consults a snapshot of the registry…
- [tagged](./src/tags/tagged.md) — Provides the `Tagged<T>` value object used by `@suaveplan/cbor` to materialise RFC 8949 §3.4 tagged items. The decoder…
- half-float — Decodes 2 big-endian bytes representin…
- [decoder](./src/decoder/decoder.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_- half-float — Decodes 2 big-endian bytes representin…
- [half-float](./src/decoder/half-float.md) — Decodes 2 big-endian bytes representing IEEE 754 binary16 to a JavaScript `number`. The decoder is always available — n…
- [well-formed](./src/decoder/well-formed.md) — `isWellFormed(bytes)` returns `true` iff `bytes` represent a single well-formed CBOR item per RFC 8949 §5.1. The functi…
- [deterministic](./src/deterministic/deterministic.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_- [deterministic](./src/deterministic/deterministic.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_- [diagnostic](./src/diagnostic/diagnostic.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_- [diagnostic](./src/diagnostic/diagnostic.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_- [encoder](./src/encoder/encoder.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_- half-float — Encodes a JavaScript `number` as IEEE……
- [encoder](./src/encoder/encoder.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_- half-float — Encodes a JavaScript `number` as IEEE……
- [half-float](./src/encoder/half-float.md) — Encodes a JavaScript `number` as IEEE 754 binary16 (CBOR major 7 / value 25) when the round-trip is exact, and otherwis…
- [errors](./src/errors/error-codes.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_- [error-codes](./src/errors/error-codes.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_- [sequences](./src/sequences/sequences.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_- [sequences](./src/sequences/sequences.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_- [chunk-decoder](./src/streaming/chunk-decoder.md) — Partial-item streaming decoder. While `PullDecoder` yields one whole CBOR item at a time (waiting until each item is fu…
- [pull-decoder](./src/streaming/pull-decoder.md) — `PullDecoder` is a pull-style streaming decoder over an `AsyncIterable<Uint8Array>` or `ReadableStream<Uint8Array>`. Ea…
- [builtin](./src/tags/builtin.md) — Provides `defaultTagHandlers()`, a `TagRegistry` populated with handlers for the most-used IANA-registered CBOR tags. C…
- [registry](./src/tags/registry.md) — `TagRegistry` is the in-memory mutable container for CBOR tag handlers. The decoder consults a snapshot of the registry…
- [tagged](./src/tags/tagged.md) — Provides the `Tagged<T>` value object used by `@suaveplan/cbor` to materialise RFC 8949 §3.4 tagged items. The decoder…
- half-float — Decodes 2 big-endian bytes representin…
- [decoder](./src/decoder/decoder.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_- half-float — Decodes 2 big-endian bytes representin…
- [half-float](./src/decoder/half-float.md) — Decodes 2 big-endian bytes representing IEEE 754 binary16 to a JavaScript `number`. The decoder is always available — n…
- [well-formed](./src/decoder/well-formed.md) — `isWellFormed(bytes)` returns `true` iff `bytes` represent a single well-formed CBOR item per RFC 8949 §5.1. The functi…
- [deterministic](./src/deterministic/deterministic.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_- [deterministic](./src/deterministic/deterministic.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_- [diagnostic](./src/diagnostic/diagnostic.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_- [diagnostic](./src/diagnostic/diagnostic.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_- [encoder](./src/encoder/encoder.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_- half-float — Encodes a JavaScript `number` as IEEE…
- [encoder](./src/encoder/encoder.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_- half-float — Encodes a JavaScript `number` as IEEE…
- [half-float](./src/encoder/half-float.md) — Encodes a JavaScript `number` as IEEE 754 binary16 (CBOR major 7 / value 25) when the round-trip is exact, and otherwis…
- [errors](./src/errors/error-codes.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_- [error-codes](./src/errors/error-codes.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_- [sequences](./src/sequences/sequences.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_- [sequences](./src/sequences/sequences.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_- [chunk-decoder](./src/streaming/chunk-decoder.md) — Partial-item streaming decoder. While `PullDecoder` yields one whole CBOR item at a time (waiting until each item is fu…
- [pull-decoder](./src/streaming/pull-decoder.md) — `PullDecoder` is a pull-style streaming decoder over an `AsyncIterable<Uint8Array>` or `ReadableStream<Uint8Array>`. Ea…
- [builtin](./src/tags/builtin.md) — Provides `defaultTagHandlers()`, a `TagRegistry` populated with handlers for the most-used IANA-registered CBOR tags. C…
- [registry](./src/tags/registry.md) — `TagRegistry` is the in-memory mutable container for CBOR tag handlers. The decoder consults a snapshot of the registry…
- [tagged](./src/tags/tagged.md) — Provides the `Tagged<T>` value object used by `@suaveplan/cbor` to materialise RFC 8949 §3.4 tagged items. The decoder…
- [decoder](./src/decoder/decoder.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_- [half-float](./src/decoder/half-float.md) — Decodes 2 big-endian bytes representing IEEE 754 binary16 to a JavaScript `number`. The decoder is always available — n…
- [well-formed](./src/decoder/well-formed.md) — `isWellFormed(bytes)` returns `true` iff `bytes` represent a single well-formed CBOR item per RFC 8949 §5.1. The functi…
- [deterministic](./src/deterministic/deterministic.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_ - [deterministic](./src/deterministic/deterministic.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_- [diagnostic](./src/diagnostic/diagnostic.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_ - [diagnostic](./src/diagnostic/diagnostic.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_- [encoder](./src/encoder/encoder.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_ - [encoder](./src/encoder/encoder.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_ - [half-float](./src/encoder/half-float.md) — Encodes a JavaScript `number` as IEEE 754 binary16 (CBOR major 7 / value 25) when the round-trip is exact, and otherwis…
- [errors](./src/errors/error-codes.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_ - [error-codes](./src/errors/error-codes.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_- [sequences](./src/sequences/sequences.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_ - [sequences](./src/sequences/sequences.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_- [chunk-decoder](./src/streaming/chunk-decoder.md) — Partial-item streaming decoder. While `PullDecoder` yields one whole CBOR item at a time (waiting until each item is fu…
- [pull-decoder](./src/streaming/pull-decoder.md) — `PullDecoder` is a pull-style streaming decoder over an `AsyncIterable<Uint8Array>` or `ReadableStream<Uint8Array>`. Ea…
- [builtin](./src/tags/builtin.md) — Provides `defaultTagHandlers()`, a `TagRegistry` populated with handlers for the most-used IANA-registered CBOR tags. C…
- [registry](./src/tags/registry.md) — `TagRegistry` is the in-memory mutable container for CBOR tag handlers. The decoder consults a snapshot of the registry…
- [tagged](./src/tags/tagged.md) — Provides the `Tagged<T>` value object used by `@suaveplan/cbor` to materialise RFC 8949 §3.4 tagged items. The decoder…
## Install
```bash
bun add @suaveplan/cbor
```
## Quick Start
```ts
import { encode, decode } from "@suaveplan/cbor";
const bytes = encode({ a: 1, b: [true, "two"] });
const value = decode(bytes);
```
## Modules
| Module | Doc |
|---|---|
| `encoder` | [`src/encoder/encoder.md`](src/encoder/encoder.md) |
| `encoder/half-float` | [`src/encoder/half-float.md`](src/encoder/half-float.md) |
| `decoder` | [`src/decoder/decoder.md`](src/decoder/decoder.md) |
| `decoder/half-float` | [`src/decoder/half-float.md`](src/decoder/half-float.md) |
| `decoder/well-formed` | [`src/decoder/well-formed.md`](src/decoder/well-formed.md) |
| `streaming/pull-decoder` | [`src/streaming/pull-decoder.md`](src/streaming/pull-decoder.md) |
| `deterministic` | [`src/deterministic/deterministic.md`](src/deterministic/deterministic.md) |
| `diagnostic` | [`src/diagnostic/diagnostic.md`](src/diagnostic/diagnostic.md) |
| `cose/cose-key` | [`src/cose/cose-key.md`](src/cose/cose-key.md) |
| `cose/jwk` | [`src/cose/jwk.md`](src/cose/jwk.md) |
| `cose/alg-map` | [`src/cose/alg-map.md`](src/cose/alg-map.md) |
| `cose/headers` | [`src/cose/headers.md`](src/cose/headers.md) |
| `cose/sig-structure` | [`src/cose/sig-structure.md`](src/cose/sig-structure.md) |
| `cose/sign1` | [`src/cose/sign1.md`](src/cose/sign1.md) |
| `cose/mac0` | [`src/cose/mac0.md`](src/cose/mac0.md) |
| `cwt/claims` | [`src/cwt/claims.md`](src/cwt/claims.md) |
| `cwt/verify` | [`src/cwt/verify.md`](src/cwt/verify.md) |
| `streaming/chunk-decoder` | [`src/streaming/chunk-decoder.md`](src/streaming/chunk-decoder.md) |
| `cose/sign` | [`src/cose/sign.md`](src/cose/sign.md) |
| `cose/mac` | [`src/cose/mac.md`](src/cose/mac.md) |
| `cose/encrypt0` | [`src/cose/encrypt0.md`](src/cose/encrypt0.md) |
| `cose/encrypt` | [`src/cose/encrypt.md`](src/cose/encrypt.md) |
| `tags/registry` | [`src/tags/registry.md`](src/tags/registry.md) |
| `tags/tagged` | [`src/tags/tagged.md`](src/tags/tagged.md) |
| `tags/builtin` | [`src/tags/builtin.md`](src/tags/builtin.md) |
| `sequences` | [`src/sequences/sequences.md`](src/sequences/sequences.md) |
| `errors` | [`src/errors/error-codes.md`](src/errors/error-codes.md) |
## Subpath exports
- `@suaveplan/cbor` — root barrel: `encode`, `decode`, `Tagged`, error codes
- `@suaveplan/cbor/encoder` — encoder + half-float
- `@suaveplan/cbor/decoder` — decoder + half-float + `isWellFormed`
- `@suaveplan/cbor/streaming` — `PullDecoder` over async-iterable / WHATWG streams
- `@suaveplan/cbor/sequences` — RFC 8742
- `@suaveplan/cbor/deterministic` — `encodeDeterministic` shortcut for §4.2
- `@suaveplan/cbor/diagnostic` — RFC 8949 §8 notation emitter
- `@suaveplan/cbor/cose` — `COSE_Key` ↔ JWK + IANA algorithm bridge (RFC 9052 §7), Sig_structure builders (§4.4 / §6.3 / §5.3), `COSE_Sign1` encode/decode/verify (§4.2, ES256/EdDSA), `COSE_Mac0` create/encode/decode/verify (§6.2, HS256/384/512)
- `@suaveplan/cbor/cwt` — RFC 8392 CBOR Web Token claim encode/decode + `verifyCwtSign1` / `verifyCwtMac0` with time-window + audience + issuer validation
- `@suaveplan/cbor/cddl` — RFC 8610 CDDL lexer + parser + AST + validator (primitive prelude, ranges, choices, arrays, maps, occurrence indicators, `.size`/`.regexp`/`.cbor` control operators, generics, named references)
- `@suaveplan/cbor/tags` — `Tagged`, `TagRegistry`, `defaultTagHandlers`
- `@suaveplan/cbor/errors` — `CBOR_CODES`, `CborError`, `CborErrorCode`
## Conformance
- RFC 8949 §3.1 — major types 0–7 encode + decode
- RFC 8949 §3.2 — indefinite-length text/byte strings, arrays, maps (decoder)
- RFC 8949 §3.3 — IEEE 754 binary16 encode (opt-in) + decode (always-on)
- RFC 8949 §3.4 — tagged-item registry
- RFC 8949 §4.1 — preferred serialization (shortest-form integers always-on,
shortest-exact float widths)
- RFC 8949 §4.2 — deterministic-encoding profile (sorted map keys, no
indefinite-length, half-float disabled in deterministic mode)
- RFC 8949 §5.1 — strict-mode well-formedness; every malformed-input class
raises `CborError(MALFORMED)`
- RFC 8742 §2 + §3 — CBOR Sequences encode + decode + async-iterator stream

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{
"name": "@suaveplan/cbor",
"version": "0.1.0",
"type": "module",
"sideEffects": false,
"description": "RFC 8949 CBOR encoder/decoder + RFC 8742 sequences + RFC 9052 COSE bridge + RFC 8392 CWT + RFC 8610 CDDL — zero browser/Node deps",
"license": "MIT",
"author": "Suaveplan Team",
"main": "./dist/index.js",
"module": "./dist/index.js",
"types": "./dist/index.d.ts",
"exports": {
"./package.json": "./package.json",
".": {
"import": { "types": "./dist/index.d.ts", "default": "./dist/index.js" },
"require": { "types": "./dist/index.d.ts", "default": "./dist/index.js" }
},
"./encoder": {
"import": { "types": "./dist/encoder/index.d.ts", "default": "./dist/encoder/index.js" }
},
"./decoder": {
"import": { "types": "./dist/decoder/index.d.ts", "default": "./dist/decoder/index.js" }
},
"./streaming": {
"import": { "types": "./dist/streaming/index.d.ts", "default": "./dist/streaming/index.js" }
},
"./sequences": {
"import": { "types": "./dist/sequences/index.d.ts", "default": "./dist/sequences/index.js" }
},
"./tags": {
"import": { "types": "./dist/tags/index.d.ts", "default": "./dist/tags/index.js" }
},
"./deterministic": {
"import": { "types": "./dist/deterministic/index.d.ts", "default": "./dist/deterministic/index.js" }
},
"./diagnostic": {
"import": { "types": "./dist/diagnostic/index.d.ts", "default": "./dist/diagnostic/index.js" }
},
"./cose": {
"import": { "types": "./dist/cose/index.d.ts", "default": "./dist/cose/index.js" }
},
"./cwt": {
"import": { "types": "./dist/cwt/index.d.ts", "default": "./dist/cwt/index.js" }
},
"./cddl": {
"import": { "types": "./dist/cddl/index.d.ts", "default": "./dist/cddl/index.js" }
},
"./errors": {
"import": { "types": "./dist/errors/index.d.ts", "default": "./dist/errors/index.js" }
}
},
"scripts": {
"build": "vite build",
"test": "vitest run --passWithNoTests",
"test:watch": "vitest",
"test:coverage": "vitest run --coverage --passWithNoTests",
"lint": "bunx biome check src/",
"lint:fix": "bunx biome lint --fix --unsafe --max-diagnostics 500 src/",
"format": "bunx biome format --write --max-diagnostics 500 src/",
"check": "bunx biome check --write --unsafe --max-diagnostics 500 src/",
"typecheck": "bunx tsc --noEmit --composite false -p tsconfig.lib.json",
"docs:check": "bun run ../../../../scripts/docs-check.ts ."
},
"dependencies": {
"@suaveplan/crypto-cipher": "workspace:^",
"@suaveplan/crypto-curve": "workspace:^",
"@suaveplan/crypto-hash": "workspace:^",
"@suaveplan/error": "workspace:^",
"@suaveplan/types": "workspace:^",
"tslib": "catalog:build",
"zod": "catalog:forms",
"@opentelemetry/api": "catalog:observability"
},
"devDependencies": {
"@suaveplan/testing": "workspace:^",
"@types/node": "catalog:",
"@vitest/coverage-istanbul": "catalog:testing",
"fast-check": "catalog:testing",
"typescript": "catalog:",
"vite": "catalog:build",
"vite-plugin-dts": "catalog:build",
"vitest": "catalog:testing"
},
"publishConfig": {
"registry": "https://npmjs.fq.io/",
"access": "public"
},
"files": ["dist", "src", "README.md"]
}

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# `ast`
## Purpose
Typed AST shapes per RFC 8610 §3 — the contract between the parser and
the validator (and any future code generator). Every CDDL syntactic
construct lands as a discriminated-union node so consumers can pattern-match
exhaustively.
## Features
- `CddlAst` — root: `{ rules: CddlRule[] }`.
- `CddlRule` — `{ name, generics, type }`.
- `CddlType` — discriminated union over: primitives, named refs (with
generic args), literal values (text / byte / int / uint / bool / null /
undefined), ranges, choice, arrays, maps, tagged items, control operators.
- `CddlGroupEntry` — an array/map entry with `occurrence`, optional `key`,
and a `type`.
- `CddlGroupKey` — text / uint / int. (Typed keys are reserved for a
future parser extension.)
- `CddlOccurrence` — `exact` / `optional` / `zero-or-more` / `one-or-more` /
`range`.
- `PrimitiveName` + `PRIMITIVE_NAMES` — frozen set of every recognised
prelude type from RFC 8610 §3.8.
## Usage: Basic Example
```ts
import type { CddlAst, CddlRule } from "@suaveplan/cbor/cddl";
function ruleNames(ast: CddlAst): string[] {
return ast.rules.map((r: CddlRule) => r.name);
}
```
## Usage: Advanced Example
```ts
import type { CddlType } from "@suaveplan/cbor/cddl";
function isOptionalString(t: CddlType): boolean {
return t.kind === "primitive" && t.name === "tstr";
}
```
## API Reference
See the type definitions in `ast.ts`. The AST is intentionally pure data
— no methods, no mutable state — so it round-trips through serialisation
without surprises.
## Implementation Notes
The AST is the public contract for downstream consumers (validators, code
generators, schema-based fuzzers). Adding a new node kind requires updating
both the parser (to produce it) and every walker (to consume it). The
`PRIMITIVE_NAMES` set is exported so consumers writing their own walkers
can recognise the prelude types without duplicating the literal union.

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/**
* Typed AST nodes per RFC 8610. The grammar is large — this AST captures
* the subset the parser supports: rules, type assignments (`tn = T`),
* named-type references, primitive prelude types, optionality (`?`),
* one-or-more (`+`), exact occurrence ranges (`m*n`), choices (`/`),
* arrays (`[ T ]`), maps (`{ k => T }`), control operators (`.size`,
* `.regexp`, `.cbor`), literal value types (text, byte string, integer),
* range types (`min..max`), and group choices (`//`).
*/
export type CddlAst = {
rules: CddlRule[];
};
export type CddlRule = {
name: string;
/** When `true`, this rule is a generic type parameter declaration like `t<P> = ...`. */
generics: string[];
type: CddlType;
};
export type CddlType =
| { kind: "ref"; name: string; args?: CddlType[] }
| { kind: "primitive"; name: PrimitiveName }
| { kind: "literal-int"; value: number }
| { kind: "literal-uint"; value: number }
| { kind: "literal-text"; value: string }
| { kind: "literal-bytes"; value: Uint8Array }
| { kind: "literal-bool"; value: boolean }
| { kind: "literal-null" }
| { kind: "literal-undefined" }
| { kind: "range"; min: number; max: number; inclusive: boolean }
| { kind: "choice"; alternatives: CddlType[] }
| { kind: "array"; entries: CddlGroupEntry[] }
| { kind: "map"; entries: CddlGroupEntry[] }
| { kind: "tagged"; tag: number; inner: CddlType }
| { kind: "control"; left: CddlType; op: string; right: CddlType };
/** Group entry — either a positional element (array) or a key/value pair (map). */
export type CddlGroupEntry = {
occurrence: CddlOccurrence;
key?: CddlGroupKey;
type: CddlType;
};
export type CddlGroupKey =
| { kind: "text"; value: string }
| { kind: "uint"; value: number }
| { kind: "int"; value: number };
export type CddlOccurrence =
| { kind: "exact" } // exactly 1
| { kind: "optional" } // ? (0 or 1)
| { kind: "zero-or-more" } // *
| { kind: "one-or-more" } // +
| { kind: "range"; min: number; max: number };
/** RFC 8610 §3.8 prelude — a fixed list of named primitive types. */
export type PrimitiveName =
| "uint"
| "nint"
| "int"
| "bstr"
| "tstr"
| "bool"
| "true"
| "false"
| "nil"
| "null"
| "undefined"
| "any"
| "number"
| "text"
| "bytes"
| "float"
| "float16"
| "float32"
| "float64"
| "tdate"
| "time";
export const PRIMITIVE_NAMES: ReadonlySet<PrimitiveName> =
new Set<PrimitiveName>([
"uint",
"nint",
"int",
"bstr",
"tstr",
"bool",
"true",
"false",
"nil",
"null",
"undefined",
"any",
"number",
"text",
"bytes",
"float",
"float16",
"float32",
"float64",
"tdate",
"time",
]);

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export type {
CddlAst,
CddlGroupEntry,
CddlGroupKey,
CddlOccurrence,
CddlRule,
CddlType,
PrimitiveName,
} from "./ast.js";
export { PRIMITIVE_NAMES } from "./ast.js";
export { type Token, type TokenKind, tokenize } from "./lexer.js";
export { parseCddl } from "./parser.js";
export {
type CddlValidationError,
type CddlValidationResult,
validateCbor,
} from "./validate.js";

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# `lexer`
## Purpose
CDDL tokenizer per RFC 8610 §3 ABNF grammar. Reads a CDDL source string and
emits a sequence of `Token` objects terminated by an `eof` sentinel. Throws
`CborError(CDDL_PARSE_FAILED)` with `{ line, col }` context on lexical
errors so callers can surface precise diagnostics.
## Features
- Full token coverage for the subset the parser supports:
- Identifiers (with `_`/`@`/`-` continuation)
- Integer literals (`42`, `-7`, `0`)
- Quoted-string literals with `\n` / `\r` / `\t` / `\\` / `\"` escapes
- Hex byte-string literals `h'deadbeef'` (whitespace-tolerant)
- Punctuation: `=`, `/`, `//`, `*`, `+`, `?`, `..`, `...`, `[`, `]`,
`{`, `}`, `(`, `)`, `<`, `>`, `,`, `:`, `=>`, `#`, `.`
- Control operators (`.size`, `.regexp`, `.cbor`, `.within`, `.and`,
`.lt`, `.le`, `.gt`, `.ge`, `.eq`, `.ne`, `.default`, `.bits`)
- Line-comment skip via `;`
- Line + column tracking — every token carries its source position for
precise error messages downstream.
- CDDL float literals are deliberately not lexed: they would conflict with
the tagged-item syntax `#6.<n>(T)` (where `6.1` would otherwise lex as a
float). Authors needing float values use the `float` / `float32` / `float64`
primitive types instead.
## Usage: Basic Example
```ts
import { tokenize } from "@suaveplan/cbor/cddl";
const tokens = tokenize("foo = uint");
// [{ kind: "identifier", value: "foo", line: 1, col: 1 },
// { kind: "=", ... }, { kind: "identifier", value: "uint", ... },
// { kind: "eof", ... }]
```
## Usage: Advanced Example
```ts
import { tokenize } from "@suaveplan/cbor/cddl";
try {
tokenize("foo % bar");
} catch (e) {
// CborError(CDDL_PARSE_FAILED) with line/col context
}
```
## API Reference
- `tokenize(source: string): Token[]`
- `interface Token { kind: TokenKind; value: string | number | Uint8Array; line: number; col: number }`
- `type TokenKind` — literal union of every emitted token kind.
Throws `CborError(CDDL_PARSE_FAILED)` for: unterminated string / byte string,
unknown escape sequence, invalid hex byte string, odd-length hex literal,
unexpected character.
## Implementation Notes
The lexer is a single-pass recursive-descent character scanner. Multi-char
punctuation (`//`, `=>`, `..`, `...`) is matched ahead of single-char so
`/` versus `//` and `.` versus `..` versus `...` discriminate cleanly.
Identifiers never include `.` — this keeps `0..255` and `tstr .size`
parsing correctly without backtracking. Comments are skipped at the top
level of the loop.

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import { describe, expect, it } from "@suaveplan/testing/runner";
import { tokenize } from "./lexer.js";
describe("tokenize — basic tokens", () => {
it("identifiers + assignment", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const toks = tokenize("foo = bar");
expect(toks.map((t) => t.kind)).toEqual([
"identifier",
"=",
"identifier",
"eof",
]);
});
it("integers (positive + negative)", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const toks = tokenize("1 -2 0");
expect(toks.slice(0, -1).map((t) => [t.kind, t.value])).toEqual([
["integer", 1],
["integer", -2],
["integer", 0],
]);
});
it("strings with escapes", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const toks = tokenize('"hello\\n\\"world\\\\"');
expect(toks[0]).toMatchObject({
kind: "string",
value: 'hello\n"world\\',
});
});
it("strings with \\r and \\t escapes", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const toks = tokenize('"\\r\\t"');
expect(toks[0]?.value).toBe("\r\t");
});
it("byte strings h'...'", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const toks = tokenize("h'deadbeef'");
expect(toks[0]?.kind).toBe("bytes");
expect(Array.from(toks[0]?.value as Uint8Array)).toEqual([
0xde, 0xad, 0xbe, 0xef,
]);
});
it("byte strings tolerate whitespace", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const toks = tokenize("h'de ad be ef'");
expect(Array.from(toks[0]?.value as Uint8Array)).toEqual([
0xde, 0xad, 0xbe, 0xef,
]);
});
it("multi-char punctuation: //, =>, .., ...", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const toks = tokenize("// => .. ...");
expect(toks.slice(0, -1).map((t) => t.kind)).toEqual([
"//",
"=>",
"..",
"...",
]);
});
it("control operators", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const toks = tokenize(".size .regexp .cbor .within .and");
expect(toks.slice(0, -1).map((t) => [t.kind, t.value])).toEqual([
["control", ".size"],
["control", ".regexp"],
["control", ".cbor"],
["control", ".within"],
["control", ".and"],
]);
});
it("comments are skipped", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const toks = tokenize("foo ; this is a comment\n= bar");
expect(toks.map((t) => t.kind)).toEqual([
"identifier",
"=",
"identifier",
"eof",
]);
});
it("single-char punctuation set", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const toks = tokenize("[]{}()<>,:?+*/");
expect(toks.slice(0, -1).map((t) => t.kind)).toEqual([
"[",
"]",
"{",
"}",
"(",
")",
"<",
">",
",",
":",
"?",
"+",
"*",
"/",
]);
});
});
describe("tokenize — error paths", () => {
it("rejects unterminated string", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(() => tokenize('"unclosed')).toThrow(/CDDL_PARSE_FAILED/);
});
it("rejects unterminated byte string", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(() => tokenize("h'deadbeef")).toThrow(/CDDL_PARSE_FAILED/);
});
it("rejects invalid hex in byte string", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(() => tokenize("h'zz'")).toThrow(/CDDL_PARSE_FAILED/);
});
it("rejects odd-length hex byte string", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(() => tokenize("h'abc'")).toThrow(/CDDL_PARSE_FAILED/);
});
it("rejects unknown escape", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(() => tokenize('"\\q"')).toThrow(/CDDL_PARSE_FAILED/);
});
it("rejects unexpected character", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(() => tokenize("foo % bar")).toThrow(/CDDL_PARSE_FAILED/);
});
it("rejects bare '-' at end of input (?? branch)", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
expect(() => tokenize("-")).toThrow(/CDDL_PARSE_FAILED/);
});
it("emits bare '.' as standalone token (used in #6.<n>(T))", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
const toks = tokenize(".");
expect(toks[0]?.kind).toBe(".");
});
it("integer not consumed as float when '.' has no trailing digit", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
// `.` after `42` is followed by space — float branch skipped.
const toks = tokenize("42 .size 5");
expect(toks[0]).toMatchObject({ kind: "integer", value: 42 });
});
it("integer at end-of-input followed by '.' is not consumed as float", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
// `42.` at end — no digit after '.' (?? "" branch in float check), so
// '.' becomes its own token following the integer.
const toks = tokenize("42.");
expect(toks[0]).toMatchObject({ kind: "integer", value: 42 });
expect(toks[1]?.kind).toBe(".");
});
});
describe("tokenize — line/column tracking", () => {
it("tracks line + column", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const toks = tokenize("foo\n bar");
expect(toks[0]).toMatchObject({ line: 1, col: 1 });
expect(toks[1]).toMatchObject({ line: 2, col: 3 });
});
});

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import { CBOR_CODES, cborError } from "../errors/error-codes.js";
export type TokenKind =
| "identifier"
| "integer"
| "string"
| "bytes"
| "="
| "/"
| "//"
| "*"
| "+"
| "?"
| ".."
| "..."
| "["
| "]"
| "{"
| "}"
| "("
| ")"
| "<"
| ">"
| ","
| ":"
| "=>"
| "control"
| "#"
| "."
| "eof";
export interface Token {
kind: TokenKind;
/** String for identifiers / literals, numeric for integer/float, raw bytes for `h'…'`. */
value: string | number | Uint8Array;
line: number;
col: number;
}
/**
* Tokenises a CDDL source string per RFC 8610 §3 ABNF. Returns an array
* of tokens terminated by an `eof` sentinel. Throws `CborError(CDDL_PARSE_FAILED)`
* with `{ line, col }` context on lexical errors.
*/
export function tokenize(source: string): Token[] {
const out: Token[] = [];
let i = 0;
let line = 1;
let col = 1;
function bump(n: number): void {
for (let k = 0; k < n; k++) {
if (source[i + k] === "\n") {
line += 1;
col = 1;
} else {
col += 1;
}
}
i += n;
}
function fail(msg: string): never {
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.CDDL_PARSE_FAILED,
`CDDL lex error at ${line}:${col} — ${msg}`
);
}
while (i < source.length) {
const ch = source[i] as string;
// Comment
if (ch === ";") {
while (i < source.length && source[i] !== "\n") bump(1);
continue;
}
// Whitespace
if (ch === " " || ch === "\t" || ch === "\r" || ch === "\n") {
bump(1);
continue;
}
const startLine = line;
const startCol = col;
// String literal
if (ch === '"') {
bump(1);
let s = "";
while (i < source.length && source[i] !== '"') {
const c = source[i] as string;
if (c === "\\") {
const n = source[i + 1];
if (n === '"') s += '"';
else if (n === "\\") s += "\\";
else if (n === "n") s += "\n";
else if (n === "r") s += "\r";
else if (n === "t") s += "\t";
else fail(`unknown escape \\${n}`);
bump(2);
} else {
s += c;
bump(1);
}
}
if (source[i] !== '"') fail("unterminated string");
bump(1);
out.push({
kind: "string",
value: s,
line: startLine,
col: startCol,
});
continue;
}
// Byte-string literal h'…'
if (ch === "h" && source[i + 1] === "'") {
bump(2);
let hex = "";
while (i < source.length && source[i] !== "'") {
const c = source[i] as string;
if (c !== " " && c !== "\t") hex += c;
bump(1);
}
if (source[i] !== "'") fail("unterminated byte string");
bump(1);
if (hex.length % 2 !== 0 || !/^[0-9a-fA-F]*$/.test(hex)) {
fail(`invalid hex byte literal: ${hex}`);
}
const bytes = new Uint8Array(hex.length / 2);
for (let k = 0; k < bytes.length; k++) {
bytes[k] = Number.parseInt(hex.slice(k * 2, k * 2 + 2), 16);
}
out.push({
kind: "bytes",
value: bytes,
line: startLine,
col: startCol,
});
continue;
}
// Numbers (integer or float)
if (
/[0-9]/.test(ch) ||
(ch === "-" && /[0-9]/.test(source[i + 1] ?? ""))
) {
let s = "";
if (ch === "-") {
s += ch;
bump(1);
}
while (i < source.length && /[0-9]/.test(source[i] as string)) {
s += source[i];
bump(1);
}
// CDDL float literals are not supported — they would conflict
// with the tagged-item syntax `#6.<tag>(T)` (where `6.1` would
// otherwise lex as a float). Authors needing float values should
// use the primitive types `float`, `float32`, `float64`.
out.push({
kind: "integer",
value: Number.parseInt(s, 10),
line: startLine,
col: startCol,
});
continue;
}
// Identifier — continuation excludes `.` so range / control tokens
// (`0..255`, `tstr .size`) tokenise correctly.
if (/[A-Za-z_@]/.test(ch)) {
let s = "";
while (
i < source.length &&
/[A-Za-z0-9_@-]/.test(source[i] as string)
) {
s += source[i];
bump(1);
}
out.push({
kind: "identifier",
value: s,
line: startLine,
col: startCol,
});
continue;
}
// Multi-char punctuation
if (ch === "/" && source[i + 1] === "/") {
out.push({
kind: "//",
value: "//",
line: startLine,
col: startCol,
});
bump(2);
continue;
}
if (ch === "=" && source[i + 1] === ">") {
out.push({
kind: "=>",
value: "=>",
line: startLine,
col: startCol,
});
bump(2);
continue;
}
if (ch === "." && source[i + 1] === "." && source[i + 2] === ".") {
out.push({
kind: "...",
value: "...",
line: startLine,
col: startCol,
});
bump(3);
continue;
}
if (ch === "." && source[i + 1] === ".") {
out.push({
kind: "..",
value: "..",
line: startLine,
col: startCol,
});
bump(2);
continue;
}
// Control operator (.size, .regexp, .cbor, .within, .and, .lt, .le, .gt, .ge, .eq, .ne, .default, .bits)
if (ch === "." && /[a-z]/.test(source[i + 1] ?? "")) {
let s = ".";
bump(1);
while (i < source.length && /[a-z]/.test(source[i] as string)) {
s += source[i];
bump(1);
}
out.push({
kind: "control",
value: s,
line: startLine,
col: startCol,
});
continue;
}
// `#` for tagged-item major-type prefix (RFC 8610 §3 — `#6.<num>(T)`)
if (ch === "#") {
out.push({ kind: "#", value: "#", line: startLine, col: startCol });
bump(1);
continue;
}
// Bare `.` (used in tagged-item syntax `#6.<n>(T)`)
if (ch === ".") {
out.push({ kind: ".", value: ".", line: startLine, col: startCol });
bump(1);
continue;
}
// Single-char punctuation
if (
ch === "=" ||
ch === "/" ||
ch === "*" ||
ch === "+" ||
ch === "?" ||
ch === "[" ||
ch === "]" ||
ch === "{" ||
ch === "}" ||
ch === "(" ||
ch === ")" ||
ch === "<" ||
ch === ">" ||
ch === "," ||
ch === ":"
) {
out.push({
kind: ch as TokenKind,
value: ch,
line: startLine,
col: startCol,
});
bump(1);
continue;
}
fail(`unexpected character '${ch}'`);
}
out.push({ kind: "eof", value: "", line, col });
return out;
}

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# `parser`
## Purpose
CDDL parser per RFC 8610 §3 grammar. Consumes the token stream from the
`tokenize` function and produces a typed AST (`CddlAst`) that the validator
walks. Supports the working subset of CDDL needed by real consumers (CWT,
COSE_Sign1, WebAuthn attestation, vault manifests, drive templates).
## Features
- Rule definitions: `name = T`, `name<T> = ...` (generic params).
- Type expressions: primitive prelude, named references, generic instantiation.
- Type composition: choice (`/`), inclusive (`..`) + exclusive (`...`) ranges,
parenthesised grouping.
- Group composition: arrays (`[ ... ]`), maps (`{ ... }`), occurrence
indicators (`?`, `*`, `+`, `*N`, `M*N`, `M*`), group choice (`//`).
- Map keys: identifier-`:`-T (text key), `"quoted":` T (text key with quoted
syntax), `<int> => T` (numeric key), `"quoted" => T`.
- Tagged items: `#6.<tag>(T)` produces `{ kind: "tagged", tag, inner }`.
- Literal values: text strings, byte strings (`h'…'`), integers (positive and
negative), `true`/`false`, `null`/`nil`, `undefined`.
- Control operators applied to types: `tstr .size 1..32`, `tstr .regexp "pattern"`,
`bstr .cbor T`. Both literal and range right-hand sides supported on `.size`.
## Usage: Basic Example
```ts
import { parseCddl } from "@suaveplan/cbor/cddl";
const ast = parseCddl(`
cwt = { iss: tstr, ? exp: int }
`);
```
## Usage: Advanced Example
```ts
import { parseCddl } from "@suaveplan/cbor/cddl";
const ast = parseCddl(`
attested-key = #6.18(cose-sign1)
cose-sign1 = [ protected: bstr, unprotected: { * any => any }, payload: bstr / nil, signature: bstr ]
protected = bstr .size 0..1024
pair<K, V> = [ K, V ]
`);
```
## API Reference
- `parseCddl(source: string): CddlAst`
Throws `CborError(CDDL_PARSE_FAILED)` with `{ line, col }` for: empty
source (no rules), missing `=`, unexpected token, non-integer range bound,
`#N` with N != 6.
## Implementation Notes
The parser is a hand-written recursive descent. Operator precedence
mirrors RFC 8610 §3:
- `type` (top): handles `/` choice
- `type1`: handles `..` / `...` ranges and control operators (`.size`,
`.regexp`, etc.); the `.size` case can take a range right-hand side
- `type2` (atom): primitives, references, literals, parenthesised groups,
arrays, maps, tagged items
Group choice (`//`) is implemented at the `[`/`{` body level — when the
parser encounters `//` between two sets of entries, it returns a
`{ kind: "choice", alternatives: [arrayA, arrayB] }` so the validator
can short-circuit on the first matching alternative.

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import { describe, expect, it } from "@suaveplan/testing/runner";
import { parseCddl } from "./parser.js";
describe("parseCddl — rules + types", () => {
it("parses a single primitive rule", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const ast = parseCddl("u = uint");
expect(ast.rules).toHaveLength(1);
expect(ast.rules[0]).toEqual({
name: "u",
generics: [],
type: { kind: "primitive", name: "uint" },
});
});
it("parses multiple rules", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const ast = parseCddl("a = uint\nb = tstr");
expect(ast.rules).toHaveLength(2);
expect(ast.rules[1]?.name).toBe("b");
});
it("parses choice", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const ast = parseCddl("x = uint / tstr / nil");
expect(ast.rules[0]?.type.kind).toBe("choice");
expect(
(ast.rules[0]?.type as { alternatives: unknown[] }).alternatives
).toHaveLength(3);
});
it("parses range", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const ast = parseCddl("x = 0..255");
expect(ast.rules[0]?.type).toEqual({
kind: "range",
min: 0,
max: 255,
inclusive: true,
});
});
it("parses exclusive range", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const ast = parseCddl("x = 0...10");
expect(ast.rules[0]?.type).toEqual({
kind: "range",
min: 0,
max: 10,
inclusive: false,
});
});
it("parses literal string", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const ast = parseCddl('x = "hello"');
expect(ast.rules[0]?.type).toEqual({
kind: "literal-text",
value: "hello",
});
});
it("parses literal integer", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const ast = parseCddl("x = 42");
expect(ast.rules[0]?.type).toEqual({ kind: "literal-uint", value: 42 });
});
it("parses literal negative integer", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const ast = parseCddl("x = -7");
expect(ast.rules[0]?.type).toEqual({ kind: "literal-int", value: -7 });
});
it("parses bool / null / undefined keywords", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const ast = parseCddl("a = true\nb = false\nc = null\nd = undefined");
expect(ast.rules[0]?.type).toEqual({
kind: "literal-bool",
value: true,
});
expect(ast.rules[1]?.type).toEqual({
kind: "literal-bool",
value: false,
});
expect(ast.rules[2]?.type).toEqual({ kind: "literal-null" });
expect(ast.rules[3]?.type).toEqual({ kind: "literal-undefined" });
});
it("parses literal byte string", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const ast = parseCddl("x = h'deadbeef'");
expect(ast.rules[0]?.type.kind).toBe("literal-bytes");
});
it("parses array group", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const ast = parseCddl("x = [ uint, tstr ]");
expect(ast.rules[0]?.type.kind).toBe("array");
});
it("parses map with text keys", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const ast = parseCddl("x = { name: tstr, age: uint }");
expect(ast.rules[0]?.type.kind).toBe("map");
});
it("parses map with integer keys via =>", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const ast = parseCddl("x = { 1 => tstr, 2 => uint }");
expect(ast.rules[0]?.type.kind).toBe("map");
});
it("parses map with quoted-string keys via =>", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const ast = parseCddl('x = { "k" => uint }');
expect(ast.rules[0]?.type.kind).toBe("map");
});
it("parses map with quoted-string keys via :", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const ast = parseCddl('x = { "key": uint }');
const m = ast.rules[0]?.type as {
entries: { key?: { kind: string; value: string } }[];
};
expect(m.entries[0]?.key?.value).toBe("key");
});
it("parses map with negative integer key via =>", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const ast = parseCddl("x = { -1 => uint }");
const m = ast.rules[0]?.type as {
entries: { key?: { kind: string; value: number } }[];
};
expect(m.entries[0]?.key?.kind).toBe("int");
expect(m.entries[0]?.key?.value).toBe(-1);
});
it("parses occurrence indicators", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const ast = parseCddl("x = [ ? uint, * tstr, + bool, 2*4 uint ]");
const arr = ast.rules[0]?.type as {
entries: {
occurrence: { kind: string; min?: number; max?: number };
}[];
};
expect(arr.entries[0]?.occurrence.kind).toBe("optional");
expect(arr.entries[1]?.occurrence.kind).toBe("zero-or-more");
expect(arr.entries[2]?.occurrence.kind).toBe("one-or-more");
expect(arr.entries[3]?.occurrence).toEqual({
kind: "range",
min: 2,
max: 4,
});
});
it("parses bare * and *N occurrence", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const ast = parseCddl("x = [ *3 uint ]");
const arr = ast.rules[0]?.type as {
entries: {
occurrence: { kind: string; min?: number; max?: number };
}[];
};
expect(arr.entries[0]?.occurrence).toEqual({
kind: "range",
min: 0,
max: 3,
});
});
it("parses M*N with omitted N (open-ended)", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const ast = parseCddl("x = [ 2* uint ]");
const arr = ast.rules[0]?.type as {
entries: {
occurrence: { kind: string; min?: number; max?: number };
}[];
};
expect(arr.entries[0]?.occurrence.kind).toBe("range");
expect(arr.entries[0]?.occurrence.min).toBe(2);
});
it("parses control operator", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const ast = parseCddl("x = tstr .size 1..10");
expect(ast.rules[0]?.type.kind).toBe("control");
});
it("parses generics", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const ast = parseCddl("box<T> = [T]\nb = box<uint>");
expect(ast.rules[0]?.generics).toEqual(["T"]);
const ref = ast.rules[1]?.type as { kind: string; args?: unknown[] };
expect(ref.kind).toBe("ref");
expect(ref.args).toBeDefined();
});
it("parses multi-param generic declaration", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const ast = parseCddl("pair<K, V> = [K, V]");
expect(ast.rules[0]?.generics).toEqual(["K", "V"]);
});
it("parses multi-arg generic reference", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const ast = parseCddl("pair<K, V> = [K, V]\nentry = pair<tstr, uint>");
const ref = ast.rules[1]?.type as { args?: unknown[] };
expect(ref.args).toHaveLength(2);
});
it("parses parenthesised type", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const ast = parseCddl("x = (uint / tstr)");
expect(ast.rules[0]?.type.kind).toBe("choice");
});
it("parses reference to another rule", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const ast = parseCddl("a = uint\nb = a");
expect(ast.rules[1]?.type).toEqual({ kind: "ref", name: "a" });
});
});
describe("parseCddl — tagged-item syntax (#6.N)", () => {
it("parses #6.1(uint) as tagged type", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const ast = parseCddl("x = #6.1(uint)");
expect(ast.rules[0]?.type).toEqual({
kind: "tagged",
tag: 1,
inner: { kind: "primitive", name: "uint" },
});
});
it("parses #6.32(tstr) for URI tag", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const ast = parseCddl("x = #6.32(tstr)");
const t = ast.rules[0]?.type as { kind: string; tag: number };
expect(t.kind).toBe("tagged");
expect(t.tag).toBe(32);
});
it("rejects #N for N != 6", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(() => parseCddl("x = #2.0(uint)")).toThrow(/CDDL_PARSE_FAILED/);
});
});
describe("parseCddl — group choice (//)", () => {
it("parses array group choice as choice-of-arrays", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
const ast = parseCddl("x = [ uint // tstr ]");
const t = ast.rules[0]?.type as {
kind: string;
alternatives: unknown[];
};
expect(t.kind).toBe("choice");
expect(t.alternatives).toHaveLength(2);
});
it("parses map group choice as choice-of-maps", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const ast = parseCddl("x = { name: tstr // id: uint }");
const t = ast.rules[0]?.type as {
kind: string;
alternatives: { kind: string }[];
};
expect(t.kind).toBe("choice");
expect(t.alternatives[0]?.kind).toBe("map");
});
});
describe("parseCddl — error paths", () => {
it("rejects empty source", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(() => parseCddl("")).toThrow(/CDDL_PARSE_FAILED/);
});
it("rejects rule without =", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(() => parseCddl("foo bar")).toThrow(/CDDL_PARSE_FAILED/);
});
it("rejects unexpected token", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(() => parseCddl("foo = ?")).toThrow(/CDDL_PARSE_FAILED/);
});
it("rejects non-integer range bound", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(() => parseCddl("x = uint..tstr")).toThrow(/CDDL_PARSE_FAILED/);
});
});

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@@ -0,0 +1,315 @@
import { CBOR_CODES, cborError } from "../errors/error-codes.js";
import {
type CddlAst,
type CddlGroupEntry,
type CddlGroupKey,
type CddlOccurrence,
type CddlRule,
type CddlType,
PRIMITIVE_NAMES,
type PrimitiveName,
} from "./ast.js";
import { type Token, tokenize } from "./lexer.js";
/**
* Parse a CDDL source string into a typed AST. Supports the subset of
* RFC 8610 §3 that covers real-world consumers (CWT, COSE_Sign1, WebAuthn
* attestation, vault manifests, etc.): rule definitions, primitive prelude
* types, named-type references, optionality / one-or-more / range
* occurrence indicators, type choices (`/`), array and map groups,
* literal values (text / byte / integer / bool), inclusive (`..`) and
* exclusive (`...`) ranges, control operators applied to types.
*/
export function parseCddl(source: string): CddlAst {
const tokens = tokenize(source);
const p = new Parser(tokens);
const rules: CddlRule[] = [];
while (p.peek().kind !== "eof") {
rules.push(p.rule());
}
if (rules.length === 0) {
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.CDDL_PARSE_FAILED,
"CDDL source must contain at least one rule"
);
}
return { rules };
}
class Parser {
private pos = 0;
constructor(private readonly tokens: Token[]) {}
peek(off = 0): Token {
return this.tokens[this.pos + off] as Token;
}
consume(): Token {
const t = this.tokens[this.pos] as Token;
this.pos += 1;
return t;
}
expect(kind: Token["kind"]): Token {
const t = this.consume();
if (t.kind !== kind) {
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.CDDL_PARSE_FAILED,
`CDDL parse error at ${t.line}:${t.col} — expected '${kind}', got '${t.kind}' (${String(t.value)})`
);
}
return t;
}
rule(): CddlRule {
const nameTok = this.expect("identifier");
const generics: string[] = [];
if (this.peek().kind === "<") {
this.consume();
// <P> | <P, Q> | …
while (this.peek().kind !== ">") {
const g = this.expect("identifier");
generics.push(g.value as string);
if (this.peek().kind === ",") this.consume();
}
this.expect(">");
}
this.expect("=");
const type = this.type();
return { name: nameTok.value as string, generics, type };
}
type(): CddlType {
let t = this.type1();
// Choice via /
if (this.peek().kind === "/") {
const alts: CddlType[] = [t];
while (this.peek().kind === "/") {
this.consume();
alts.push(this.type1());
}
t = { kind: "choice", alternatives: alts };
}
return t;
}
type1(): CddlType {
let t = this.type2();
// Range or control
const next = this.peek();
if (next.kind === ".." || next.kind === "...") {
const inclusive = next.kind === "..";
this.consume();
const right = this.type2();
const min = numericLiteral(t);
const max = numericLiteral(right);
t = { kind: "range", min, max, inclusive };
} else if (next.kind === "control") {
const op = next.value as string;
this.consume();
// Allow the right side to be a range (e.g. `tstr .size 1..10`).
let right = this.type2();
const after = this.peek();
if (after.kind === ".." || after.kind === "...") {
const inclusive = after.kind === "..";
this.consume();
const upper = this.type2();
right = {
kind: "range",
min: numericLiteral(right),
max: numericLiteral(upper),
inclusive,
};
}
t = { kind: "control", left: t, op, right };
}
return t;
}
type2(): CddlType {
const t = this.peek();
// Tagged item: `#6.<num>(T)` per RFC 8610 §3.
if (t.kind === "#") {
this.consume();
const major = this.expect("integer");
if (major.value !== 6) {
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.CDDL_PARSE_FAILED,
`CDDL only supports tagged-item prefix #6 (got #${major.value})`
);
}
this.expect(".");
const tagTok = this.expect("integer");
this.expect("(");
const inner = this.type();
this.expect(")");
return { kind: "tagged", tag: tagTok.value as number, inner };
}
if (t.kind === "[") {
this.consume();
return this.groupBody("array", "]");
}
if (t.kind === "{") {
this.consume();
return this.groupBody("map", "}");
}
if (t.kind === "(") {
this.consume();
const inner = this.type();
this.expect(")");
return inner;
}
if (t.kind === "string") {
this.consume();
return { kind: "literal-text", value: t.value as string };
}
if (t.kind === "bytes") {
this.consume();
return { kind: "literal-bytes", value: t.value as Uint8Array };
}
if (t.kind === "integer") {
this.consume();
const v = t.value as number;
return v >= 0
? { kind: "literal-uint", value: v }
: { kind: "literal-int", value: v };
}
if (t.kind === "identifier") {
const name = t.value as string;
this.consume();
if (PRIMITIVE_NAMES.has(name as PrimitiveName)) {
if (name === "true" || name === "false") {
return { kind: "literal-bool", value: name === "true" };
}
if (name === "null" || name === "nil")
return { kind: "literal-null" };
if (name === "undefined") return { kind: "literal-undefined" };
return { kind: "primitive", name: name as PrimitiveName };
}
// Generic ref: name<args>
if (this.peek().kind === "<") {
this.consume();
const args: CddlType[] = [];
while (this.peek().kind !== ">") {
args.push(this.type());
if (this.peek().kind === ",") this.consume();
}
this.expect(">");
return { kind: "ref", name, args };
}
return { kind: "ref", name };
}
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.CDDL_PARSE_FAILED,
`CDDL parse error at ${t.line}:${t.col} — unexpected token '${t.kind}' (${String(t.value)})`
);
}
/**
* Parse the body of an `[` or `{` group, including RFC 8610 group choice
* (`//`). Returns either a single array/map type, or — when `//` separates
* entry sets — a choice over multiple array/map alternatives.
*/
groupBody(kind: "array" | "map", terminator: "]" | "}"): CddlType {
const groups: CddlGroupEntry[][] = [[]];
let current = groups[0] as CddlGroupEntry[];
while (this.peek().kind !== terminator) {
current.push(this.groupEntry());
if (this.peek().kind === ",") this.consume();
if (this.peek().kind === "//") {
this.consume();
current = [];
groups.push(current);
}
}
this.expect(terminator);
if (groups.length === 1) {
return { kind, entries: groups[0] as CddlGroupEntry[] };
}
return {
kind: "choice",
alternatives: groups.map((g) => ({ kind, entries: g })),
};
}
groupEntry(): CddlGroupEntry {
const occurrence = this.occurrence();
// Detect key: identifier ':' or quoted-string ':' or type '=>'
const start = this.pos;
let key: CddlGroupKey | undefined;
if (this.peek().kind === "identifier" && this.peek(1).kind === ":") {
const name = this.consume().value as string;
this.consume();
key = { kind: "text", value: name };
} else if (this.peek().kind === "string" && this.peek(1).kind === ":") {
const v = this.consume().value as string;
this.consume();
key = { kind: "text", value: v };
} else if (
this.peek().kind === "integer" &&
this.peek(1).kind === "=>"
) {
const v = this.consume().value as number;
this.consume();
key =
v >= 0 ? { kind: "uint", value: v } : { kind: "int", value: v };
} else if (
this.peek().kind === "string" &&
this.peek(1).kind === "=>"
) {
const v = this.consume().value as string;
this.consume();
key = { kind: "text", value: v };
}
// Roll back if we were wrong about a key
if (!key) this.pos = start;
const type = this.type();
const out: CddlGroupEntry = { occurrence, type };
if (key) out.key = key;
return out;
}
occurrence(): CddlOccurrence {
const t = this.peek();
if (t.kind === "?") {
this.consume();
return { kind: "optional" };
}
if (t.kind === "+") {
this.consume();
return { kind: "one-or-more" };
}
if (t.kind === "*") {
this.consume();
// Optional `*n` or `m*n`
const next = this.peek();
if (next.kind === "integer") {
const max = next.value as number;
this.consume();
return { kind: "range", min: 0, max };
}
return { kind: "zero-or-more" };
}
if (t.kind === "integer" && this.peek(1).kind === "*") {
const min = t.value as number;
this.consume();
this.consume(); // *
const next = this.peek();
let max = Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY;
if (next.kind === "integer") {
max = next.value as number;
this.consume();
}
return { kind: "range", min, max };
}
return { kind: "exact" };
}
}
function numericLiteral(t: CddlType): number {
if (t.kind === "literal-uint" || t.kind === "literal-int") return t.value;
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.CDDL_PARSE_FAILED,
"range bound must be an integer literal"
);
}

View File

@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
# `validate`
## Purpose
Walk a decoded CBOR value against a parsed CDDL schema and report the first
mismatch (with a JSON-pointer-like path). The validator is the run-time
counterpart to the parser — given a typed AST and a value, return
`{ valid, errors }` describing whether the value conforms.
## Features
- All primitive prelude types: `uint`, `nint`, `int`, `bstr`, `tstr`, `bool`,
`nil`, `null`, `undefined`, `any`, `number`, `text`, `bytes`, `float` /
`float16` / `float32` / `float64`, `tdate` (RFC 3339 string), `time`
(number or bigint epoch).
- Literal-value matching: text, byte, integer (signed and unsigned),
bool, null, undefined.
- Range types: inclusive (`..`) and exclusive (`...`).
- Choice: tries each alternative in isolation; first match wins.
- Arrays: positional `exact`-occurrence entries, optional, one-or-more,
zero-or-more, and `M*N` ranges. Extra entries past the schema are rejected.
- Maps: text and integer keys; required (`exact`) and optional (`?`) keys;
reports the missing key in error messages.
- Tagged items via `#6.<n>(T)` parse syntax → typed `{ kind: "tagged" }` AST.
- Named references: walks `name = T` rules transparently; entry rule is
selectable via `options.rule`.
- Control operators: `.size <int|range>` (string or bytes length),
`.regexp "pattern"` (RegExp match on text), `.cbor T` (left side is bytes).
Unknown control operators pass through (treated as informational
rather than fail-closed).
## Usage: Basic Example
```ts
import { validateCbor } from "@suaveplan/cbor/cddl";
const r = validateCbor({ iss: "alice", exp: 1700000000 }, `
cwt = { iss: tstr, ? exp: int }
`);
console.log(r.valid); // true
```
## Usage: Advanced Example
```ts
import { parseCddl, validateCbor } from "@suaveplan/cbor/cddl";
const schema = parseCddl(`
message = #6.18(cose-sign1)
cose-sign1 = [ bstr, { * any => any }, bstr / nil, bstr ]
`);
import { decode } from "@suaveplan/cbor";
import { Tagged } from "@suaveplan/cbor/tags";
const value = decode(wireBytes, { tagHandling: "raw" });
const r = validateCbor(value, schema, { rule: "message" });
if (!r.valid) {
for (const err of r.errors) {
console.error(`at ${err.path.join(".")}: expected ${err.expected}, got ${err.got}`);
}
}
```
## API Reference
- `validateCbor(value: unknown, schema: CddlAst | string, options?: { rule?: string }): CddlValidationResult`
- `interface CddlValidationResult { valid: boolean; errors: CddlValidationError[] }`
- `interface CddlValidationError { path: (string | number)[]; expected: string; got: string }`
Throws `CborError(CDDL_RULE_NOT_FOUND)` if `options.rule` names a rule
that doesn't exist; throws `CborError(CDDL_UNDEFINED_REFERENCE)` if a rule
body references an undefined name.
## Implementation Notes
The walk is a recursive AST switch dispatching on `type.kind`. Choice
validation runs each alternative against a fresh sub-context — the first
alternative whose walk produces zero errors wins. Map validation accepts
both `Map` instances and plain objects; the latter is wrapped via
`Object.entries` for uniform key lookup. Array entries are matched
greedily within their occurrence-range bound — no backtracking — which
is correct for the schemas this package targets but a future extension
could add limited backtracking for more permissive schemas.

View File

@@ -0,0 +1,458 @@
import { describe, expect, it } from "@suaveplan/testing/runner";
import { Tagged } from "../tags/tagged.js";
import { validateCbor } from "./validate.js";
describe("validateCbor — primitives", () => {
it.each([
["uint", 42, true],
["uint", -1, false],
["uint", "x", false],
["uint", 1n, true],
["nint", -3, true],
["nint", 3, false],
["int", 7, true],
["int", -7, true],
["int", "x", false],
["bstr", new Uint8Array([1]), true],
["bstr", "x", false],
["tstr", "hello", true],
["tstr", 1, false],
["bool", true, true],
["bool", false, true],
["bool", 1, false],
["true", true, true],
["true", false, false],
["false", false, true],
["false", true, false],
["nil", null, true],
["nil", undefined, false],
["null", null, true],
["undefined", undefined, true],
["any", { x: 1 }, true],
["number", 1.5, true],
["number", "x", false],
["tdate", "2026-05-10T12:00:00Z", true],
["tdate", "not a date", false],
["time", 1700000000, true],
["time", 1700000000n, true],
["time", "x", false],
])(
"primitive %s validates %p as %s",
{ timeout: 5000 },
(prim, value, ok) => {
const r = validateCbor(value, `x = ${prim}`);
expect(r.valid).toBe(ok);
}
);
});
describe("validateCbor — literals", () => {
it("matches literal text", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(validateCbor("hi", 'x = "hi"').valid).toBe(true);
expect(validateCbor("bye", 'x = "hi"').valid).toBe(false);
});
it("matches literal int + uint", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(validateCbor(42, "x = 42").valid).toBe(true);
expect(validateCbor(-7, "x = -7").valid).toBe(true);
expect(validateCbor(8, "x = -7").valid).toBe(false);
});
it("matches literal bool", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(validateCbor(true, "x = true").valid).toBe(true);
expect(validateCbor(false, "x = true").valid).toBe(false);
});
it("matches literal null + undefined", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(validateCbor(null, "x = null").valid).toBe(true);
expect(validateCbor(undefined, "x = undefined").valid).toBe(true);
});
it("matches literal byte string", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const r = validateCbor(new Uint8Array([0xde, 0xad]), "x = h'dead'");
expect(r.valid).toBe(true);
});
it("rejects non-bytes against byte literal", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const r = validateCbor("dead", "x = h'dead'");
expect(r.valid).toBe(false);
});
it("rejects different bytes", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const r = validateCbor(new Uint8Array([0x01, 0x02]), "x = h'dead'");
expect(r.valid).toBe(false);
});
it("rejects different-length bytes", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const r = validateCbor(new Uint8Array([0xde]), "x = h'dead'");
expect(r.valid).toBe(false);
});
});
describe("validateCbor — ranges", () => {
it("inclusive range matches", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(validateCbor(0, "x = 0..255").valid).toBe(true);
expect(validateCbor(255, "x = 0..255").valid).toBe(true);
expect(validateCbor(256, "x = 0..255").valid).toBe(false);
});
it("exclusive range excludes upper", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(validateCbor(9, "x = 0...10").valid).toBe(true);
expect(validateCbor(10, "x = 0...10").valid).toBe(false);
});
it("rejects non-number against range", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(validateCbor("x", "x = 0..10").valid).toBe(false);
});
});
describe("validateCbor — arrays", () => {
it("validates array of primitives", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(validateCbor([1, 2, 3], "x = [ * uint ]").valid).toBe(true);
});
it("rejects extra entries past the schema", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(validateCbor([1, 2, 3], "x = [ uint, uint ]").valid).toBe(false);
});
it("rejects too few one-or-more entries", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(validateCbor([], "x = [ + uint ]").valid).toBe(false);
});
it("validates exact-occurrence positional entries", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
expect(validateCbor([1, "two"], "x = [ uint, tstr ]").valid).toBe(true);
expect(validateCbor(["one", 2], "x = [ uint, tstr ]").valid).toBe(
false
);
});
it("optional entries can be absent", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(validateCbor([1], "x = [ uint, ? tstr ]").valid).toBe(true);
expect(validateCbor([1, "two"], "x = [ uint, ? tstr ]").valid).toBe(
true
);
});
it("rejects non-array against array schema", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(validateCbor({ a: 1 }, "x = [ * uint ]").valid).toBe(false);
});
});
describe("validateCbor — maps", () => {
it("validates plain object as map", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const r = validateCbor(
{ name: "Alice", age: 30 },
"x = { name: tstr, age: uint }"
);
expect(r.valid).toBe(true);
});
it("validates Map instance", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const r = validateCbor(
new Map<unknown, unknown>([[1, "x"]]),
"x = { 1 => tstr }"
);
expect(r.valid).toBe(true);
});
it("rejects missing required key", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(validateCbor({}, "x = { name: tstr }").valid).toBe(false);
});
it("optional key may be absent", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(validateCbor({}, "x = { ? name: tstr }").valid).toBe(true);
expect(validateCbor({ name: "x" }, "x = { ? name: tstr }").valid).toBe(
true
);
});
it("rejects wrong-type value at key", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(validateCbor({ name: 1 }, "x = { name: tstr }").valid).toBe(
false
);
});
it("rejects non-map value", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(validateCbor([1, 2], "x = { name: tstr }").valid).toBe(false);
});
});
describe("validateCbor — choice", () => {
it("matches first alternative", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(validateCbor(42, "x = uint / tstr").valid).toBe(true);
});
it("matches second alternative", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(validateCbor("hi", "x = uint / tstr").valid).toBe(true);
});
it("rejects when no alternative matches", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(validateCbor(true, "x = uint / tstr").valid).toBe(false);
});
});
describe("validateCbor — tagged", () => {
it("validates a tagged ast node via Tagged value", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
// Construct AST manually since the parser doesn't accept #6.x
const ast = {
rules: [
{
name: "x",
generics: [],
type: {
kind: "tagged" as const,
tag: 1,
inner: {
kind: "primitive" as const,
name: "uint" as const,
},
},
},
],
};
expect(validateCbor(new Tagged(1, 1700000000), ast).valid).toBe(true);
expect(validateCbor(new Tagged(2, 1700000000), ast).valid).toBe(false);
expect(validateCbor(1700000000, ast).valid).toBe(false);
});
});
describe("validateCbor — references", () => {
it("walks named references", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const r = validateCbor("hello", "name = tstr\nperson = name", {
rule: "person",
});
expect(r.valid).toBe(true);
});
it("rejects undefined references", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(() => validateCbor("x", "person = undefined_rule")).toThrow(
/CDDL_UNDEFINED_REFERENCE/
);
});
it("throws when entry rule is not found", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(() => validateCbor(1, "x = uint", { rule: "nope" })).toThrow(
/CDDL_RULE_NOT_FOUND/
);
});
});
describe("validateCbor — control operators", () => {
it(".size with literal int", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(validateCbor("hello", "x = tstr .size 5").valid).toBe(true);
expect(validateCbor("hi", "x = tstr .size 5").valid).toBe(false);
});
it(".size with range", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(validateCbor("hi", "x = tstr .size 1..10").valid).toBe(true);
expect(
validateCbor("verylongstringoverten", "x = tstr .size 1..10").valid
).toBe(false);
});
it(".size on bytes", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(
validateCbor(new Uint8Array(32), "x = bstr .size 32").valid
).toBe(true);
expect(
validateCbor(new Uint8Array(16), "x = bstr .size 32").valid
).toBe(false);
});
it(".size rejects non-string/non-bytes value", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(validateCbor(42, "x = uint .size 4").valid).toBe(false);
});
it(".size with malformed right side", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
// .size paired with tstr on the right is malformed but doesn't crash
expect(validateCbor("hi", "x = tstr .size tstr").valid).toBe(false);
});
it(".regexp matches", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(
validateCbor("foo123", 'x = tstr .regexp "^foo[0-9]+$"').valid
).toBe(true);
expect(
validateCbor("nope", 'x = tstr .regexp "^foo[0-9]+$"').valid
).toBe(false);
});
it(".regexp rejects non-string value", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(validateCbor(1, 'x = uint .regexp "^foo$"').valid).toBe(false);
});
it(".cbor accepts byte string", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(
validateCbor(new Uint8Array([0x01]), "x = bstr .cbor uint").valid
).toBe(true);
});
it(".cbor rejects non-bytes", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(validateCbor("not bytes", "x = bstr .cbor uint").valid).toBe(
false
);
});
it("unknown control operator passes through (informational)", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
// .pcre or whatever — we accept by default
expect(validateCbor(1, "x = uint .pcre tstr").valid).toBe(true);
});
it(".regexp with invalid pattern reports failure", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
expect(validateCbor("x", 'x = tstr .regexp "[unclosed"').valid).toBe(
false
);
});
it(".size with exclusive range", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(
validateCbor(new Uint8Array(9), "x = bstr .size 0...10").valid
).toBe(true);
expect(
validateCbor(new Uint8Array(10), "x = bstr .size 0...10").valid
).toBe(false);
});
});
describe("validateCbor — occurrence ranges in arrays", () => {
it("range occurrence enforces min", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(validateCbor([1, 2, 3], "x = [ 2*4 uint ]").valid).toBe(true);
expect(validateCbor([1], "x = [ 2*4 uint ]").valid).toBe(false);
});
it("range occurrence enforces max", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(validateCbor([1, 2, 3, 4, 5], "x = [ 2*4 uint ]").valid).toBe(
false
);
});
it("error message uses describeType for ref", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const r = validateCbor([], "name = uint\nx = [ + name ]");
expect(r.valid).toBe(false);
});
it("error message uses describeType for literal-text", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
const r = validateCbor([], 'x = [ + "foo" ]');
expect(r.valid).toBe(false);
});
it("error message uses describeType for literal-uint", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
const r = validateCbor([], "x = [ + 42 ]");
expect(r.valid).toBe(false);
expect(r.errors[0]?.expected).toContain("42");
});
it("error message uses describeType for range", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
const r = validateCbor([], "x = [ + 0..10 ]");
expect(r.valid).toBe(false);
expect(r.errors[0]?.expected).toContain("0..10");
});
it("error message uses describeType fallback for other kinds", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
const r = validateCbor([], "x = [ + (uint / tstr) ]");
expect(r.valid).toBe(false);
expect(r.errors[0]?.expected).toContain("choice");
});
it("error message uses describeKey for integer key", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
const r = validateCbor({}, "x = { 1 => uint }");
expect(r.valid).toBe(false);
expect(r.errors[0]?.expected).toContain("1");
});
it("error message uses describeKey for negative integer key", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
const r = validateCbor({}, "x = { -1 => uint }");
expect(r.valid).toBe(false);
});
});
describe("validateCbor — typeName branches", () => {
it("error against null reports 'null'", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const r = validateCbor(null, "x = uint");
expect(r.errors[0]?.got).toBe("null");
});
it("error against Map reports 'map'", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const r = validateCbor(new Map(), "x = uint");
expect(r.errors[0]?.got).toBe("map");
});
it("error against Tagged reports 'tagged(N)'", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const r = validateCbor(new Tagged(7, 1), "x = uint");
expect(r.errors[0]?.got).toBe("tagged(7)");
});
it("nint accepts bigint negative", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const big = -(2n ** 64n);
expect(validateCbor(big, "x = nint").valid).toBe(true);
});
it("map with keyless entry (parser permits) is skipped during validation", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
// `{ uint }` parses as a keyless entry; the validator skips it.
const r = validateCbor({}, "x = { uint }");
// Map is non-strict — keyless entries are no-ops, so empty object passes.
expect(r.valid).toBe(true);
});
it("integer-key map error reports the key value", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const r = validateCbor({}, "x = { -1 => uint }");
expect(r.errors[0]?.expected).toContain("-1");
});
});
describe("validateCbor — error paths", () => {
it("returns the first error path", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const r = validateCbor({ name: 1 }, "x = { name: tstr }");
expect(r.valid).toBe(false);
expect(r.errors[0]?.path).toEqual(["name"]);
expect(r.errors[0]?.expected).toBe("tstr");
});
it("array element error includes index", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const r = validateCbor([1, "wrong"], "x = [ uint, uint ]");
expect(r.valid).toBe(false);
});
});
describe("validateCbor — CWT-shaped schema", () => {
it("validates a CWT-shaped claim set", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
// RFC 8392-like: { iss: tstr, ? exp: int, ? aud: tstr / [* tstr] }
const schema = `
cwt = { iss: tstr, ? exp: int, ? aud: tstr_or_array }
tstr_or_array = tstr / [ * tstr ]
`;
expect(
validateCbor({ iss: "me", exp: 1700000000 }, schema, {
rule: "cwt",
}).valid
).toBe(true);
expect(
validateCbor({ iss: "me", aud: ["a", "b"] }, schema, {
rule: "cwt",
}).valid
).toBe(true);
expect(validateCbor({}, schema, { rule: "cwt" }).valid).toBe(false);
});
});

View File

@@ -0,0 +1,525 @@
import { CBOR_CODES, cborError } from "../errors/error-codes.js";
import { Tagged } from "../tags/tagged.js";
import type {
CddlAst,
CddlGroupEntry,
CddlRule,
CddlType,
PrimitiveName,
} from "./ast.js";
import { parseCddl } from "./parser.js";
export interface CddlValidationResult {
valid: boolean;
errors: CddlValidationError[];
}
export interface CddlValidationError {
/** JSON-pointer-like path within the value. */
path: (string | number)[];
expected: string;
got: string;
}
/**
* Validate a decoded CBOR value against a CDDL schema. The schema is
* either an already-parsed `CddlAst` or a source string (which is parsed
* on the fly). The `rule` argument names the entry rule — every CDDL
* source has at least one rule, and the validator starts from the named
* rule (or the first rule when omitted).
*/
export function validateCbor(
value: unknown,
schema: CddlAst | string,
options: { rule?: string } = {}
): CddlValidationResult {
const ast = typeof schema === "string" ? parseCddl(schema) : schema;
const ruleName = options.rule ?? (ast.rules[0] as CddlRule).name;
const rule = ast.rules.find((r) => r.name === ruleName);
if (!rule) {
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.CDDL_RULE_NOT_FOUND,
`CDDL rule '${ruleName}' not found`
);
}
const ctx: Ctx = { ast, errors: [] };
walk(value, rule.type, [], ctx);
return { valid: ctx.errors.length === 0, errors: ctx.errors };
}
interface Ctx {
ast: CddlAst;
errors: CddlValidationError[];
}
function walk(
value: unknown,
type: CddlType,
path: (string | number)[],
ctx: Ctx
): boolean {
switch (type.kind) {
case "primitive":
return checkPrimitive(value, type.name, path, ctx);
case "literal-uint":
case "literal-int":
return checkEqual(value, type.value, path, ctx);
case "literal-text":
return checkEqual(value, type.value, path, ctx);
case "literal-bool":
return checkEqual(value, type.value, path, ctx);
case "literal-null":
return checkEqual(value, null, path, ctx);
case "literal-undefined":
return checkEqual(value, undefined, path, ctx);
case "literal-bytes":
return checkBytesEqual(value, type.value, path, ctx);
case "range":
return checkRange(
value,
type.min,
type.max,
type.inclusive,
path,
ctx
);
case "choice":
return checkChoice(value, type.alternatives, path, ctx);
case "array":
return checkArray(value, type.entries, path, ctx);
case "map":
return checkMap(value, type.entries, path, ctx);
case "tagged":
return checkTagged(value, type.tag, type.inner, path, ctx);
case "ref":
return checkRef(value, type.name, path, ctx);
case "control":
return checkControl(
value,
type.left,
type.op,
type.right,
path,
ctx
);
}
}
function checkPrimitive(
value: unknown,
name: PrimitiveName,
path: (string | number)[],
ctx: Ctx
): boolean {
if (matchesPrimitive(value, name)) return true;
ctx.errors.push({ path, expected: name, got: typeName(value) });
return false;
}
function matchesPrimitive(value: unknown, name: PrimitiveName): boolean {
switch (name) {
case "any":
return true;
case "uint":
return (
(typeof value === "number" &&
Number.isInteger(value) &&
value >= 0) ||
(typeof value === "bigint" && value >= 0n)
);
case "nint":
return (
(typeof value === "number" &&
Number.isInteger(value) &&
value < 0) ||
(typeof value === "bigint" && value < 0n)
);
case "int":
return (
(typeof value === "number" && Number.isInteger(value)) ||
typeof value === "bigint"
);
case "bstr":
case "bytes":
return value instanceof Uint8Array;
case "tstr":
case "text":
return typeof value === "string";
case "bool":
return typeof value === "boolean";
case "number":
case "float":
case "float16":
case "float32":
case "float64":
return typeof value === "number";
case "tdate":
return (
typeof value === "string" && !Number.isNaN(Date.parse(value))
);
case "time":
return typeof value === "number" || typeof value === "bigint";
// `true`, `false`, `nil`, `null`, `undefined` are parsed upstream
// as `literal-bool` / `literal-null` / `literal-undefined` and never
// reach this primitive matcher.
/* istanbul ignore next */
default:
return false;
}
}
function checkEqual(
value: unknown,
expected: unknown,
path: (string | number)[],
ctx: Ctx
): boolean {
if (value === expected) return true;
ctx.errors.push({ path, expected: String(expected), got: typeName(value) });
return false;
}
function checkBytesEqual(
value: unknown,
expected: Uint8Array,
path: (string | number)[],
ctx: Ctx
): boolean {
if (value instanceof Uint8Array && value.length === expected.length) {
for (let i = 0; i < value.length; i++) {
if (value[i] !== expected[i]) {
ctx.errors.push({
path,
expected: "literal byte string",
got: "different bytes",
});
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
ctx.errors.push({
path,
expected: "literal byte string",
got: typeName(value),
});
return false;
}
function checkRange(
value: unknown,
min: number,
max: number,
inclusive: boolean,
path: (string | number)[],
ctx: Ctx
): boolean {
if (typeof value !== "number") {
ctx.errors.push({
path,
expected: `range ${min}..${max}`,
got: typeName(value),
});
return false;
}
const upper = inclusive ? max : max - 1;
if (value < min || value > upper) {
ctx.errors.push({
path,
expected: `range ${min}..${max}`,
got: String(value),
});
return false;
}
return true;
}
function checkChoice(
value: unknown,
alts: CddlType[],
path: (string | number)[],
ctx: Ctx
): boolean {
// Try each alternative in isolation; commit the first one that validates.
for (const alt of alts) {
const sub: Ctx = { ast: ctx.ast, errors: [] };
if (walk(value, alt, path, sub)) return true;
}
ctx.errors.push({
path,
expected: `one of ${alts.length} choice alternatives`,
got: typeName(value),
});
return false;
}
function checkArray(
value: unknown,
entries: CddlGroupEntry[],
path: (string | number)[],
ctx: Ctx
): boolean {
if (!Array.isArray(value)) {
ctx.errors.push({ path, expected: "array", got: typeName(value) });
return false;
}
let cursor = 0;
for (const entry of entries) {
const min = occurrenceMin(entry.occurrence);
const max = occurrenceMax(entry.occurrence);
let consumed = 0;
while (cursor < value.length && consumed < max) {
const sub: Ctx = { ast: ctx.ast, errors: [] };
if (walk(value[cursor], entry.type, [...path, cursor], sub)) {
cursor += 1;
consumed += 1;
} else {
break;
}
}
if (consumed < min) {
ctx.errors.push({
path,
expected: `≥${min} matching ${describeType(entry.type)}`,
got: `${consumed} matched`,
});
return false;
}
}
if (cursor < value.length) {
ctx.errors.push({
path,
expected: "no extra entries",
got: `${value.length - cursor} extra`,
});
return false;
}
return true;
}
function checkMap(
value: unknown,
entries: CddlGroupEntry[],
path: (string | number)[],
ctx: Ctx
): boolean {
if (
!(value instanceof Map) &&
!(value !== null && typeof value === "object" && !Array.isArray(value))
) {
ctx.errors.push({ path, expected: "map", got: typeName(value) });
return false;
}
const map: Map<unknown, unknown> =
value instanceof Map
? value
: new Map(Object.entries(value as Record<string, unknown>));
const consumed = new Set<unknown>();
for (const entry of entries) {
if (!entry.key) continue;
const key = entry.key;
const matchKeys: unknown[] = [];
// Text or numeric key — both compare via direct `Map.has`.
if (map.has(key.value)) matchKeys.push(key.value);
const min = occurrenceMin(entry.occurrence);
if (matchKeys.length === 0 && min > 0) {
ctx.errors.push({
path,
expected: `key ${describeKey(key)}`,
got: "missing",
});
return false;
}
for (const k of matchKeys) {
const v = map.get(k);
if (!walk(v, entry.type, [...path, String(k)], ctx)) return false;
consumed.add(k);
}
}
return true;
}
function checkTagged(
value: unknown,
tag: number,
inner: CddlType,
path: (string | number)[],
ctx: Ctx
): boolean {
if (!(value instanceof Tagged) || value.tag !== tag) {
ctx.errors.push({
path,
expected: `tagged(${tag})`,
got: typeName(value),
});
return false;
}
return walk(value.value, inner, path, ctx);
}
function checkRef(
value: unknown,
name: string,
path: (string | number)[],
ctx: Ctx
): boolean {
const rule = ctx.ast.rules.find((r) => r.name === name);
if (!rule) {
ctx.errors.push({
path,
expected: `rule '${name}'`,
got: "undefined reference",
});
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.CDDL_UNDEFINED_REFERENCE,
`CDDL undefined rule reference: ${name}`
);
}
return walk(value, rule.type, path, ctx);
}
function checkControl(
value: unknown,
_left: CddlType,
op: string,
right: CddlType,
path: (string | number)[],
ctx: Ctx
): boolean {
// .size — left must be a string/bytes whose length matches `right`.
if (op === ".size") {
if (!(value instanceof Uint8Array) && typeof value !== "string") {
ctx.errors.push({
path,
expected: ".size requires bytes/text",
got: typeName(value),
});
return false;
}
const len = value instanceof Uint8Array ? value.length : value.length;
// right is either a literal int or a range
if (right.kind === "literal-uint" || right.kind === "literal-int") {
if (len === right.value) return true;
ctx.errors.push({
path,
expected: `.size ${right.value}`,
got: String(len),
});
return false;
}
if (right.kind === "range") {
const upper = right.inclusive ? right.max : right.max - 1;
if (len >= right.min && len <= upper) return true;
ctx.errors.push({
path,
expected: `.size ${right.min}..${right.max}`,
got: String(len),
});
return false;
}
ctx.errors.push({
path,
expected: ".size <int|range>",
got: describeType(right),
});
return false;
}
// .regexp — left is a tstr; right is a literal-text containing a JS-compatible regex.
if (op === ".regexp") {
if (typeof value !== "string" || right.kind !== "literal-text") {
ctx.errors.push({
path,
expected: ".regexp on tstr",
got: typeName(value),
});
return false;
}
try {
const re = new RegExp(right.value);
if (re.test(value)) return true;
ctx.errors.push({
path,
expected: `match /${right.value}/`,
got: value,
});
return false;
} catch {
ctx.errors.push({
path,
expected: "valid regex",
got: right.value,
});
return false;
}
}
// .cbor — left is a bstr; right is the type the embedded CBOR must match.
// For now, just check that value is a Uint8Array — full nested validation
// would re-decode and recurse, which is a viable extension.
if (op === ".cbor") {
if (!(value instanceof Uint8Array)) {
ctx.errors.push({
path,
expected: ".cbor on bstr",
got: typeName(value),
});
return false;
}
return true;
}
// Unsupported control operator — accept by default rather than fail-closed
// because the operator may be informational.
return true;
}
function occurrenceMin(o: CddlGroupEntry["occurrence"]): number {
switch (o.kind) {
case "exact":
return 1;
case "optional":
return 0;
case "zero-or-more":
return 0;
case "one-or-more":
return 1;
case "range":
return o.min;
}
}
function occurrenceMax(o: CddlGroupEntry["occurrence"]): number {
switch (o.kind) {
case "exact":
return 1;
case "optional":
return 1;
case "zero-or-more":
return Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY;
case "one-or-more":
return Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY;
case "range":
return o.max;
}
}
function describeType(t: CddlType): string {
if (t.kind === "primitive" || t.kind === "ref") return t.name;
if (t.kind === "literal-uint" || t.kind === "literal-int")
return String(t.value);
if (t.kind === "range") return `${t.min}..${t.max}`;
return t.kind;
}
function describeKey(k: NonNullable<CddlGroupEntry["key"]>): string {
if (k.kind === "text") return JSON.stringify(k.value);
return String(k.value);
}
function typeName(value: unknown): string {
if (value === null) return "null";
if (value === undefined) return "undefined";
if (Array.isArray(value)) return "array";
if (value instanceof Uint8Array) return "bytes";
if (value instanceof Map) return "map";
if (value instanceof Tagged) return `tagged(${value.tag})`;
return typeof value;
}

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# `alg-map`
## Purpose
Bridge between IANA COSE Algorithm identifiers (`CoseAlg` literal strings or
the equivalent numeric labels from RFC 9053 §2) and the suaveplan-internal
algorithm identifiers consumed by `@suaveplan/crypto-curve`,
`@suaveplan/crypto-cipher`, and `@suaveplan/crypto-hash`. The bridge is the
single point where COSE / CWT / WebAuthn flows decide *which* suaveplan
primitive will run for a given algorithm label.
## Features
- Full IANA registry coverage for the algorithms the crypto packages
ship: ES256, ES384, ES512, EdDSA (Ed25519), RS256, RS384, RS512, HS256,
HS384, HS512, A128GCM, A192GCM, A256GCM, ChaCha20Poly1305.
- Accepts both the typed `CoseAlg` string and the raw IANA numeric label.
- Reverse mapping (`cryptoAlgToCoseAlg`) for outbound encoding.
- Throws `CborError(UNEXPECTED_TYPE)` for any algorithm the bridge does
not implement — this is the intentional point of failure when a caller
tries to use a primitive suaveplan does not (yet) ship.
## Usage: Basic Example
```ts
import { coseAlgToCryptoAlg } from "@suaveplan/cbor/cose";
const alg = coseAlgToCryptoAlg("ES256"); // "ecdsa-p256-sha256"
```
## Usage: Advanced Example
```ts
import { coseAlgToCryptoAlg, decodeCoseKey } from "@suaveplan/cbor/cose";
// CWT verification dispatch
const key = decodeCoseKey(keyBytes);
const cryptoAlg = coseAlgToCryptoAlg(key.alg ?? "ES256");
switch (cryptoAlg) {
case "ecdsa-p256-sha256":
// hand off to @suaveplan/crypto-curve.p256.verify
break;
case "ed25519":
// hand off to @suaveplan/crypto-curve.ed25519.verify
break;
// ...
}
```
## API Reference
- `coseAlgToCryptoAlg(alg: CoseAlg | number): suaveplanCryptoAlg`
- `cryptoAlgToCoseAlg(alg: suaveplanCryptoAlg): CoseAlg`
- `type suaveplanCryptoAlg` — literal-typed union of the suaveplan-internal
algorithm IDs the bridge resolves to.
Throws `CborError(UNEXPECTED_TYPE)` for unknown numeric labels and for
algorithm strings outside the supported set.
## Implementation Notes
The bridge is a static lookup table — adding a new algorithm requires a
single new entry in both the `CoseAlg` literal type and the `ALG_BRIDGE`
record, plus a corresponding entry in the IANA-driven `COSE_ALG_LABELS`.
Keeping the conversion in a separate module (rather than threading raw
strings through the codec) ensures every inbound algorithm label crosses
exactly one validation boundary before reaching the cryptographic core.

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import { describe, expect, it } from "@suaveplan/testing/runner";
import {
coseAlgToCryptoAlg,
cryptoAlgToCoseAlg,
type GenesisCryptoAlg,
} from "./alg-map.js";
import type { CoseAlg } from "./cose.types.js";
describe("coseAlgToCryptoAlg — full IANA registry coverage", () => {
it.each<[CoseAlg, GenesisCryptoAlg]>([
["ES256", "ecdsa-p256-sha256"],
["ES384", "ecdsa-p384-sha384"],
["ES512", "ecdsa-p521-sha512"],
["EdDSA", "ed25519"],
["RS256", "rsassa-pkcs1-v1_5-sha256"],
["RS384", "rsassa-pkcs1-v1_5-sha384"],
["RS512", "rsassa-pkcs1-v1_5-sha512"],
["HS256", "hmac-sha256"],
["HS384", "hmac-sha384"],
["HS512", "hmac-sha512"],
["A128GCM", "aes-128-gcm"],
["A192GCM", "aes-192-gcm"],
["A256GCM", "aes-256-gcm"],
["ChaCha20Poly1305", "chacha20-poly1305"],
])("%s ↔ %s", { timeout: 5000 }, (cose, crypto) => {
expect(coseAlgToCryptoAlg(cose)).toBe(crypto);
expect(cryptoAlgToCoseAlg(crypto)).toBe(cose);
});
it("accepts numeric label form", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(coseAlgToCryptoAlg(-7)).toBe("ecdsa-p256-sha256");
expect(coseAlgToCryptoAlg(-8)).toBe("ed25519");
});
it("throws on unknown numeric label", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(() => coseAlgToCryptoAlg(99999)).toThrow(/UNEXPECTED_TYPE/);
});
it("throws on unknown string algorithm", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(() => coseAlgToCryptoAlg("FAKE_ALG" as CoseAlg)).toThrow(
/UNEXPECTED_TYPE/
);
});
});

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import { CBOR_CODES, cborError } from "../errors/error-codes.js";
import { COSE_ALG_LABELS, type CoseAlg } from "./cose.types.js";
/**
* Genesis-internal algorithm identifiers consumed by `@suaveplan/crypto-curve`,
* `@suaveplan/crypto-cipher`, and `@suaveplan/crypto-hash`. The map is the
* single bridge between IANA COSE algorithm labels and the genesis primitive
* registry.
*/
export type GenesisCryptoAlg =
| "ecdsa-p256-sha256"
| "ecdsa-p384-sha384"
| "ecdsa-p521-sha512"
| "ed25519"
| "rsassa-pkcs1-v1_5-sha256"
| "rsassa-pkcs1-v1_5-sha384"
| "rsassa-pkcs1-v1_5-sha512"
| "hmac-sha256"
| "hmac-sha384"
| "hmac-sha512"
| "aes-128-gcm"
| "aes-192-gcm"
| "aes-256-gcm"
| "chacha20-poly1305";
const ALG_BRIDGE: Readonly<Record<CoseAlg, GenesisCryptoAlg>> = {
ES256: "ecdsa-p256-sha256",
ES384: "ecdsa-p384-sha384",
ES512: "ecdsa-p521-sha512",
EdDSA: "ed25519",
RS256: "rsassa-pkcs1-v1_5-sha256",
RS384: "rsassa-pkcs1-v1_5-sha384",
RS512: "rsassa-pkcs1-v1_5-sha512",
HS256: "hmac-sha256",
HS384: "hmac-sha384",
HS512: "hmac-sha512",
A128GCM: "aes-128-gcm",
A192GCM: "aes-192-gcm",
A256GCM: "aes-256-gcm",
ChaCha20Poly1305: "chacha20-poly1305",
};
/**
* Map an IANA COSE algorithm identifier (`CoseAlg`) to the corresponding
* `@suaveplan/crypto-*` algorithm identifier. Throws
* `CborError(UNEXPECTED_TYPE)` for unsupported inputs — this is the
* intentional point of failure when a caller hands the bridge an algorithm
* the genesis primitives do not implement.
*/
export function coseAlgToCryptoAlg(alg: CoseAlg | number): GenesisCryptoAlg {
if (typeof alg === "number") {
const name = labelToName(alg);
return ALG_BRIDGE[name];
}
const out = ALG_BRIDGE[alg];
if (!out) {
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.UNEXPECTED_TYPE,
`unsupported COSE algorithm ${alg}`
);
}
return out;
}
/** Pre-built reverse lookup for outbound encoding — every `GenesisCryptoAlg`
* variant maps to exactly one `CoseAlg`, so the lookup is total. */
const REVERSE_BRIDGE: Readonly<Record<GenesisCryptoAlg, CoseAlg>> =
Object.fromEntries(
Object.entries(ALG_BRIDGE).map(([k, v]) => [v, k as CoseAlg])
) as Record<GenesisCryptoAlg, CoseAlg>;
/** Reverse mapping for outbound encoding. */
export function cryptoAlgToCoseAlg(alg: GenesisCryptoAlg): CoseAlg {
return REVERSE_BRIDGE[alg];
}
function labelToName(label: number): CoseAlg {
for (const [name, l] of Object.entries(COSE_ALG_LABELS)) {
if (l === label) return name as CoseAlg;
}
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.UNEXPECTED_TYPE,
`unknown COSE algorithm label ${label}`
);
}

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# `cose-key`
## Purpose
Decodes and encodes RFC 9052 §7 `COSE_Key` structures. The decoder maps an
RFC-encoded CBOR map onto a typed discriminated union (`Ec2Key | OkpKey |
RsaKey | SymmetricKey`); the encoder reverses the mapping with deterministic
encoding so two keys with identical fields always produce byte-identical
output. WebAuthn attestation public keys, COSE_Sign1 signing keys, and CWT
verification keys all flow through this module.
## Features
- Discriminated union by `kty` — TypeScript narrows on `key.kty === "EC2"`
etc. without explicit casts.
- Per-key-type field validation: EC2 (`crv` + `x` + `y` + optional `d`),
OKP (`crv` + `x` + optional `d`), RSA (`n` + `e` + optional `d`/`p`/`q`/
`dP`/`dQ`/`qInv`), Symmetric (`k`).
- Common fields (`alg`, `kid`, `key_ops`, `baseIV`) parsed once and applied
uniformly across all key types.
- Throws `CborError(UNEXPECTED_TYPE)` for malformed maps, unknown labels,
wrong inner types, and missing required fields.
- Encoder uses RFC 8949 §4.2 deterministic encoding so the byte output is
stable across runs — required for COSE structures that include the key
bytes in signed/verified payloads.
## Usage: Basic Example
```ts
import { decodeCoseKey, encodeCoseKey } from "@suaveplan/cbor/cose";
const key = decodeCoseKey(bytes);
if (key.kty === "EC2") {
console.log("ES256 public key", key.x, key.y);
}
const wire = encodeCoseKey(key);
```
## Usage: Advanced Example
```ts
import { decodeCoseKey } from "@suaveplan/cbor/cose";
import { coseAlgToCryptoAlg } from "@suaveplan/cbor/cose";
// WebAuthn attestation flow
const attestationKey = decodeCoseKey(authData.credentialPublicKey);
if (attestationKey.kty !== "EC2") {
throw new Error("expected EC2 attestation key");
}
const cryptoAlg = coseAlgToCryptoAlg(attestationKey.alg ?? "ES256");
// Hand off to @suaveplan/crypto-curve to verify the signature.
```
## API Reference
- `decodeCoseKey(bytes: Uint8Array): CoseKey` — decode a CBOR-encoded
`COSE_Key` byte string into the typed union. Throws `CborError` for any
structural defect.
- `encodeCoseKey(key: CoseKey): Uint8Array` — deterministic-encode the key.
- See `cose.types.ts` for `CoseKey`, `Ec2Key`, `OkpKey`, `RsaKey`,
`SymmetricKey`, `CoseAlg`, `CoseCurve`, `CoseKeyOp`.
## Implementation Notes
The decoder tolerates extra map entries — RFC 9052 §7.1 explicitly permits
forward-compatible additions, and rejecting unknown labels would break
forward compatibility. The encoder, by contrast, emits only the fields
defined in the typed shape so it cannot accidentally leak extension data
that was never modelled. Common fields are read once into a small `CommonOut`
record and spread into every key shape — this avoids drift between the four
per-kty readers when a new common field is added in the future.

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import { describe, expect, it } from "@suaveplan/testing/runner";
import { encode } from "../encoder/encoder.js";
import type { Ec2Key, OkpKey, RsaKey, SymmetricKey } from "./cose.types.js";
import { decodeCoseKey, encodeCoseKey } from "./cose-key.js";
describe("decodeCoseKey — RFC 9052 §7", () => {
it("decodes EC2 P-256 ES256 key", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const m = new Map<number, unknown>([
[1, 2], // kty=EC2
[3, -7], // alg=ES256
[-1, 1], // crv=P-256
[-2, new Uint8Array([1, 2, 3])], // x
[-3, new Uint8Array([4, 5, 6])], // y
]);
const wire = encode(m);
const key = decodeCoseKey(wire) as Ec2Key;
expect(key.kty).toBe("EC2");
expect(key.crv).toBe("P-256");
expect(key.alg).toBe("ES256");
expect(Array.from(key.x)).toEqual([1, 2, 3]);
expect(Array.from(key.y)).toEqual([4, 5, 6]);
});
it("decodes OKP Ed25519 EdDSA key", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const m = new Map<number, unknown>([
[1, 1], // kty=OKP
[3, -8], // alg=EdDSA
[-1, 6], // crv=Ed25519
[-2, new Uint8Array(32)],
]);
const wire = encode(m);
const key = decodeCoseKey(wire) as OkpKey;
expect(key.kty).toBe("OKP");
expect(key.crv).toBe("Ed25519");
expect(key.alg).toBe("EdDSA");
expect(key.x.length).toBe(32);
});
it("decodes RSA RS256 key with optional CRT params", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
const m = new Map<number, unknown>([
[1, 3], // kty=RSA
[3, -257], // alg=RS256
[-1, new Uint8Array(256)], // n
[-2, new Uint8Array([1, 0, 1])], // e
[-3, new Uint8Array(256)], // d
[-4, new Uint8Array(128)], // p
[-5, new Uint8Array(128)], // q
]);
const wire = encode(m);
const key = decodeCoseKey(wire) as RsaKey;
expect(key.kty).toBe("RSA");
expect(key.alg).toBe("RS256");
expect(key.n.length).toBe(256);
expect(Array.from(key.e)).toEqual([1, 0, 1]);
expect(key.p?.length).toBe(128);
});
it("decodes Symmetric key", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const m = new Map<number, unknown>([
[1, 4], // kty=Symmetric
[3, 5], // alg=HS256
[-1, new Uint8Array(32)], // k
]);
const wire = encode(m);
const key = decodeCoseKey(wire) as SymmetricKey;
expect(key.kty).toBe("Symmetric");
expect(key.alg).toBe("HS256");
expect(key.k.length).toBe(32);
});
it("decodes key_ops + kid + baseIV", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const m = new Map<number, unknown>([
[1, 4],
[2, new Uint8Array([0xab])], // kid
[4, [1, 2]], // key_ops: sign, verify
[5, new Uint8Array([0, 1, 2])], // baseIV
[-1, new Uint8Array(16)],
]);
const wire = encode(m);
const key = decodeCoseKey(wire);
expect(key.kid && Array.from(key.kid)).toEqual([0xab]);
expect(key.keyOps).toEqual(["sign", "verify"]);
expect(key.baseIV && Array.from(key.baseIV)).toEqual([0, 1, 2]);
});
});
describe("decodeCoseKey — error paths", () => {
it("rejects non-map input", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const wire = encode([1, 2, 3]);
expect(() => decodeCoseKey(wire)).toThrow(/UNEXPECTED_TYPE/);
});
it("rejects missing kty", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const wire = encode(new Map<number, unknown>([[3, -7]]));
expect(() => decodeCoseKey(wire)).toThrow(/UNEXPECTED_TYPE/);
});
it("rejects unknown kty label", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const wire = encode(new Map<number, unknown>([[1, 99]]));
expect(() => decodeCoseKey(wire)).toThrow(/UNEXPECTED_TYPE/);
});
it("rejects unknown alg label", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const wire = encode(
new Map<number, unknown>([
[1, 4],
[3, 9999],
[-1, new Uint8Array(16)],
])
);
expect(() => decodeCoseKey(wire)).toThrow(/UNEXPECTED_TYPE/);
});
it("rejects non-bytes kid", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const wire = encode(
new Map<number, unknown>([
[1, 4],
[2, "not-bytes"],
[-1, new Uint8Array(16)],
])
);
expect(() => decodeCoseKey(wire)).toThrow(/UNEXPECTED_TYPE/);
});
it("rejects non-array key_ops", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const wire = encode(
new Map<number, unknown>([
[1, 4],
[4, "not-array"],
[-1, new Uint8Array(16)],
])
);
expect(() => decodeCoseKey(wire)).toThrow(/UNEXPECTED_TYPE/);
});
it("rejects non-number key_ops entry", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const wire = encode(
new Map<number, unknown>([
[1, 4],
[4, ["sign"]],
[-1, new Uint8Array(16)],
])
);
expect(() => decodeCoseKey(wire)).toThrow(/UNEXPECTED_TYPE/);
});
it("rejects unknown key_ops label", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const wire = encode(
new Map<number, unknown>([
[1, 4],
[4, [99]],
[-1, new Uint8Array(16)],
])
);
expect(() => decodeCoseKey(wire)).toThrow(/UNEXPECTED_TYPE/);
});
it("rejects unknown curve label", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const wire = encode(
new Map<number, unknown>([
[1, 1],
[-1, 99],
[-2, new Uint8Array(32)],
])
);
expect(() => decodeCoseKey(wire)).toThrow(/UNEXPECTED_TYPE/);
});
it("rejects non-number kty", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const wire = encode(new Map<unknown, unknown>([[1, "not-a-number"]]));
expect(() => decodeCoseKey(wire)).toThrow(/UNEXPECTED_TYPE/);
});
it("rejects non-number alg", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const wire = encode(
new Map<number, unknown>([
[1, 4],
[3, "not-a-number"],
[-1, new Uint8Array(16)],
])
);
expect(() => decodeCoseKey(wire)).toThrow(/UNEXPECTED_TYPE/);
});
it("rejects non-number curve", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const wire = encode(
new Map<number, unknown>([
[1, 2],
[-1, "P-256"],
[-2, new Uint8Array(32)],
[-3, new Uint8Array(32)],
])
);
expect(() => decodeCoseKey(wire)).toThrow(/UNEXPECTED_TYPE/);
});
it("rejects non-bytes baseIV", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const wire = encode(
new Map<number, unknown>([
[1, 4],
[5, "not-bytes"],
[-1, new Uint8Array(16)],
])
);
expect(() => decodeCoseKey(wire)).toThrow(/UNEXPECTED_TYPE/);
});
});
describe("encodeCoseKey + round-trip", () => {
it("EC2 round-trips", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const original: Ec2Key = {
kty: "EC2",
alg: "ES256",
crv: "P-256",
x: new Uint8Array([1, 2, 3]),
y: new Uint8Array([4, 5, 6]),
};
const wire = encodeCoseKey(original);
const round = decodeCoseKey(wire) as Ec2Key;
expect(round).toEqual(original);
});
it("OKP with private key round-trips", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const original: OkpKey = {
kty: "OKP",
alg: "EdDSA",
crv: "Ed25519",
x: new Uint8Array(32),
d: new Uint8Array(32).fill(7),
};
const wire = encodeCoseKey(original);
const round = decodeCoseKey(wire) as OkpKey;
expect(round).toEqual(original);
});
it("RSA with optional CRT params round-trips", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const original: RsaKey = {
kty: "RSA",
alg: "RS256",
n: new Uint8Array(256),
e: new Uint8Array([1, 0, 1]),
d: new Uint8Array(256),
p: new Uint8Array(128),
q: new Uint8Array(128),
dP: new Uint8Array(128),
dQ: new Uint8Array(128),
qInv: new Uint8Array(128),
};
const wire = encodeCoseKey(original);
const round = decodeCoseKey(wire) as RsaKey;
expect(round).toEqual(original);
});
it("Symmetric round-trips", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const original: SymmetricKey = {
kty: "Symmetric",
alg: "HS256",
k: new Uint8Array(32),
};
const wire = encodeCoseKey(original);
const round = decodeCoseKey(wire) as SymmetricKey;
expect(round).toEqual(original);
});
it("EC2 with private key d round-trips", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const original: Ec2Key = {
kty: "EC2",
crv: "P-256",
x: new Uint8Array(32).fill(1),
y: new Uint8Array(32).fill(2),
d: new Uint8Array(32).fill(3),
};
const wire = encodeCoseKey(original);
const round = decodeCoseKey(wire) as Ec2Key;
expect(round).toEqual(original);
});
it("EC2 public-only round-trips (no d, no common fields)", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
const original: Ec2Key = {
kty: "EC2",
crv: "P-256",
x: new Uint8Array(32),
y: new Uint8Array(32),
};
const wire = encodeCoseKey(original);
const round = decodeCoseKey(wire) as Ec2Key;
expect(round).toEqual(original);
});
it("OKP public-only round-trips", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const original: OkpKey = {
kty: "OKP",
crv: "Ed25519",
x: new Uint8Array(32),
};
const wire = encodeCoseKey(original);
const round = decodeCoseKey(wire) as OkpKey;
expect(round).toEqual(original);
});
it("RSA public-only round-trips", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const original: RsaKey = {
kty: "RSA",
n: new Uint8Array(256),
e: new Uint8Array([1, 0, 1]),
};
const wire = encodeCoseKey(original);
const round = decodeCoseKey(wire) as RsaKey;
expect(round).toEqual(original);
});
it("Symmetric without common fields", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const original: SymmetricKey = {
kty: "Symmetric",
k: new Uint8Array(16),
};
const wire = encodeCoseKey(original);
const round = decodeCoseKey(wire) as SymmetricKey;
expect(round).toEqual(original);
});
it("EC2 with all common fields round-trips", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const original: Ec2Key = {
kty: "EC2",
crv: "P-384",
x: new Uint8Array(48),
y: new Uint8Array(48),
alg: "ES384",
kid: new Uint8Array([0xab, 0xcd]),
keyOps: ["sign", "verify"],
baseIV: new Uint8Array([0, 1, 2, 3]),
};
const wire = encodeCoseKey(original);
const round = decodeCoseKey(wire) as Ec2Key;
expect(round).toEqual(original);
});
});

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import { decode } from "../decoder/decoder.js";
import type { DecodedValue } from "../decoder/decoder.types.js";
import { encode } from "../encoder/encoder.js";
import { CBOR_CODES, cborError } from "../errors/error-codes.js";
import {
COSE_ALG_BY_LABEL,
COSE_ALG_LABELS,
COSE_CURVE_BY_LABEL,
COSE_CURVE_LABELS,
COSE_KEY_OP_BY_LABEL,
COSE_KEY_OP_LABELS,
COSE_KTY_BY_LABEL,
COSE_KTY_LABELS,
type CoseAlg,
type CoseCurve,
type CoseKey,
type CoseKeyOp,
type Ec2Key,
type OkpKey,
type RsaKey,
type SymmetricKey,
} from "./cose.types.js";
/**
* Parameter labels per RFC 9052 §7.1 + RFC 8230 (RSA labels are negative
* integers in the IANA registry).
*/
const KTY_LABEL = 1;
const KID_LABEL = 2;
const ALG_LABEL = 3;
const KEY_OPS_LABEL = 4;
const BASE_IV_LABEL = 5;
// EC2 / OKP labels
const CRV_LABEL = -1;
const X_LABEL = -2;
const Y_LABEL = -3; // EC2 only
const D_LABEL = -4;
// Symmetric
const K_LABEL = -1;
// RSA labels (RFC 8230 §4)
const RSA_N = -1;
const RSA_E = -2;
const RSA_D = -3;
const RSA_P = -4;
const RSA_Q = -5;
const RSA_DP = -6;
const RSA_DQ = -7;
const RSA_QINV = -8;
/**
* Decode a CBOR-encoded `COSE_Key` byte string into the typed discriminated
* union per RFC 9052 §7. Unknown / malformed entries throw `CborError`.
*/
export function decodeCoseKey(bytes: Uint8Array): CoseKey {
const value = decode(bytes, { tagHandling: "raw" });
if (!(value instanceof Map)) {
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.UNEXPECTED_TYPE,
"COSE_Key must decode as a CBOR map"
);
}
return mapToCoseKey(value as Map<DecodedValue, DecodedValue>);
}
function mapToCoseKey(m: Map<DecodedValue, DecodedValue>): CoseKey {
const ktyRaw = m.get(KTY_LABEL);
if (typeof ktyRaw !== "number") {
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.UNEXPECTED_TYPE,
"COSE_Key kty (label 1) missing or not number"
);
}
const kty = COSE_KTY_BY_LABEL[ktyRaw];
if (!kty) {
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.UNEXPECTED_TYPE,
`COSE_Key unknown kty label ${ktyRaw}`
);
}
const common = readCommon(m);
switch (kty) {
case "EC2":
return readEc2(m, common);
case "OKP":
return readOkp(m, common);
case "RSA":
return readRsa(m, common);
case "Symmetric":
return readSymmetric(m, common);
}
}
interface CommonOut {
alg?: CoseAlg;
kid?: Uint8Array;
keyOps?: CoseKeyOp[];
baseIV?: Uint8Array;
}
function readCommon(m: Map<DecodedValue, DecodedValue>): CommonOut {
const out: CommonOut = {};
const algRaw = m.get(ALG_LABEL);
if (algRaw !== undefined) {
if (typeof algRaw !== "number") {
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.UNEXPECTED_TYPE,
"COSE_Key alg (label 3) must be number"
);
}
const alg = COSE_ALG_BY_LABEL[algRaw];
if (!alg) {
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.UNEXPECTED_TYPE,
`COSE_Key unknown alg label ${algRaw}`
);
}
out.alg = alg;
}
const kid = m.get(KID_LABEL);
if (kid !== undefined) out.kid = expectBytes(kid, "kid");
const keyOps = m.get(KEY_OPS_LABEL);
if (keyOps !== undefined) out.keyOps = readKeyOps(keyOps);
const baseIV = m.get(BASE_IV_LABEL);
if (baseIV !== undefined) out.baseIV = expectBytes(baseIV, "baseIV");
return out;
}
function readKeyOps(value: DecodedValue): CoseKeyOp[] {
if (!Array.isArray(value)) {
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.UNEXPECTED_TYPE,
"COSE_Key key_ops must be array"
);
}
const out: CoseKeyOp[] = [];
for (const v of value) {
if (typeof v !== "number") {
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.UNEXPECTED_TYPE,
"COSE_Key key_ops entries must be numbers"
);
}
const op = COSE_KEY_OP_BY_LABEL[v];
if (!op) {
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.UNEXPECTED_TYPE,
`COSE_Key unknown key_op label ${v}`
);
}
out.push(op);
}
return out;
}
function expectBytes(value: DecodedValue, field: string): Uint8Array {
if (!(value instanceof Uint8Array)) {
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.UNEXPECTED_TYPE,
`COSE_Key ${field} must be byte string`
);
}
return value;
}
function readEc2(
m: Map<DecodedValue, DecodedValue>,
common: CommonOut
): Ec2Key {
const crv = readCurve(m.get(CRV_LABEL));
const x = expectBytes(m.get(X_LABEL) as DecodedValue, "x");
const y = expectBytes(m.get(Y_LABEL) as DecodedValue, "y");
const d = m.get(D_LABEL);
const out: Ec2Key = { kty: "EC2", crv, x, y, ...common };
if (d !== undefined) out.d = expectBytes(d, "d");
return out;
}
function readOkp(
m: Map<DecodedValue, DecodedValue>,
common: CommonOut
): OkpKey {
const crv = readCurve(m.get(CRV_LABEL));
const x = expectBytes(m.get(X_LABEL) as DecodedValue, "x");
const d = m.get(D_LABEL);
const out: OkpKey = { kty: "OKP", crv, x, ...common };
if (d !== undefined) out.d = expectBytes(d, "d");
return out;
}
function readRsa(
m: Map<DecodedValue, DecodedValue>,
common: CommonOut
): RsaKey {
const out: RsaKey = {
kty: "RSA",
n: expectBytes(m.get(RSA_N) as DecodedValue, "n"),
e: expectBytes(m.get(RSA_E) as DecodedValue, "e"),
...common,
};
const optional: Array<[number, keyof RsaKey]> = [
[RSA_D, "d"],
[RSA_P, "p"],
[RSA_Q, "q"],
[RSA_DP, "dP"],
[RSA_DQ, "dQ"],
[RSA_QINV, "qInv"],
];
for (const [label, field] of optional) {
const v = m.get(label);
if (v !== undefined) {
(out as unknown as Record<string, Uint8Array>)[field] = expectBytes(
v,
field
);
}
}
return out;
}
function readSymmetric(
m: Map<DecodedValue, DecodedValue>,
common: CommonOut
): SymmetricKey {
return {
kty: "Symmetric",
k: expectBytes(m.get(K_LABEL) as DecodedValue, "k"),
...common,
};
}
function readCurve(value: DecodedValue | undefined): CoseCurve {
if (typeof value !== "number") {
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.UNEXPECTED_TYPE,
"COSE_Key crv (-1) must be number"
);
}
const c = COSE_CURVE_BY_LABEL[value];
if (!c) {
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.UNEXPECTED_TYPE,
`COSE_Key unknown curve label ${value}`
);
}
return c;
}
/**
* Encode a typed `CoseKey` as CBOR bytes per RFC 9052 §7.1. Uses
* deterministic encoding so two keys with identical fields produce identical
* bytes regardless of property iteration order.
*/
export function encodeCoseKey(key: CoseKey): Uint8Array {
const m = new Map<number, unknown>();
m.set(KTY_LABEL, COSE_KTY_LABELS[key.kty]);
if (key.alg !== undefined) m.set(ALG_LABEL, COSE_ALG_LABELS[key.alg]);
if (key.kid !== undefined) m.set(KID_LABEL, key.kid);
if (key.keyOps !== undefined)
m.set(
KEY_OPS_LABEL,
key.keyOps.map((op) => COSE_KEY_OP_LABELS[op])
);
if (key.baseIV !== undefined) m.set(BASE_IV_LABEL, key.baseIV);
switch (key.kty) {
case "EC2":
m.set(CRV_LABEL, COSE_CURVE_LABELS[key.crv]);
m.set(X_LABEL, key.x);
m.set(Y_LABEL, key.y);
if (key.d !== undefined) m.set(D_LABEL, key.d);
break;
case "OKP":
m.set(CRV_LABEL, COSE_CURVE_LABELS[key.crv]);
m.set(X_LABEL, key.x);
if (key.d !== undefined) m.set(D_LABEL, key.d);
break;
case "RSA":
m.set(RSA_N, key.n);
m.set(RSA_E, key.e);
if (key.d !== undefined) m.set(RSA_D, key.d);
if (key.p !== undefined) m.set(RSA_P, key.p);
if (key.q !== undefined) m.set(RSA_Q, key.q);
if (key.dP !== undefined) m.set(RSA_DP, key.dP);
if (key.dQ !== undefined) m.set(RSA_DQ, key.dQ);
if (key.qInv !== undefined) m.set(RSA_QINV, key.qInv);
break;
case "Symmetric":
m.set(K_LABEL, key.k);
break;
}
return encode(m, { deterministic: true });
}

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/**
* COSE-related types per RFC 9052 §7 + IANA COSE registries.
*/
/** RFC 9052 §7.1 Key Type values. */
export type CoseKty = "OKP" | "EC2" | "RSA" | "Symmetric";
/** Numeric kty labels used on the wire (IANA COSE Key Common Parameters). */
export const COSE_KTY_LABELS = {
OKP: 1,
EC2: 2,
RSA: 3,
Symmetric: 4,
} as const satisfies Record<CoseKty, number>;
export const COSE_KTY_BY_LABEL: Readonly<Record<number, CoseKty>> = {
1: "OKP",
2: "EC2",
3: "RSA",
4: "Symmetric",
};
/** RFC 9053 §2 + IANA COSE Algorithms — values used by the genesis bridge. */
export type CoseAlg =
| "ES256"
| "ES384"
| "ES512"
| "EdDSA"
| "RS256"
| "RS384"
| "RS512"
| "HS256"
| "HS384"
| "HS512"
| "A128GCM"
| "A192GCM"
| "A256GCM"
| "ChaCha20Poly1305";
/** IANA COSE Algorithms numeric labels. */
export const COSE_ALG_LABELS = {
ES256: -7,
ES384: -35,
ES512: -36,
EdDSA: -8,
RS256: -257,
RS384: -258,
RS512: -259,
HS256: 5,
HS384: 6,
HS512: 7,
A128GCM: 1,
A192GCM: 2,
A256GCM: 3,
ChaCha20Poly1305: 24,
} as const satisfies Record<CoseAlg, number>;
export const COSE_ALG_BY_LABEL: Readonly<Record<number, CoseAlg>> =
Object.fromEntries(
Object.entries(COSE_ALG_LABELS).map(([k, v]) => [v, k as CoseAlg])
);
/** RFC 9053 §7 EC curve labels (used by EC2 / OKP keys). */
export type CoseCurve =
| "P-256"
| "P-384"
| "P-521"
| "X25519"
| "X448"
| "Ed25519"
| "Ed448";
export const COSE_CURVE_LABELS = {
"P-256": 1,
"P-384": 2,
"P-521": 3,
X25519: 4,
X448: 5,
Ed25519: 6,
Ed448: 7,
} as const satisfies Record<CoseCurve, number>;
export const COSE_CURVE_BY_LABEL: Readonly<Record<number, CoseCurve>> =
Object.fromEntries(
Object.entries(COSE_CURVE_LABELS).map(([k, v]) => [v, k as CoseCurve])
);
/** RFC 9052 §7.1 Key Operation labels. */
export type CoseKeyOp =
| "sign"
| "verify"
| "encrypt"
| "decrypt"
| "wrapKey"
| "unwrapKey"
| "deriveKey"
| "deriveBits"
| "MACCreate"
| "MACVerify";
export const COSE_KEY_OP_LABELS = {
sign: 1,
verify: 2,
encrypt: 3,
decrypt: 4,
wrapKey: 5,
unwrapKey: 6,
deriveKey: 7,
deriveBits: 8,
MACCreate: 9,
MACVerify: 10,
} as const satisfies Record<CoseKeyOp, number>;
export const COSE_KEY_OP_BY_LABEL: Readonly<Record<number, CoseKeyOp>> =
Object.fromEntries(
Object.entries(COSE_KEY_OP_LABELS).map(([k, v]) => [v, k as CoseKeyOp])
);
/** Common COSE_Key fields (RFC 9052 §7.1). */
export interface CoseKeyCommon {
alg?: CoseAlg;
kid?: Uint8Array;
keyOps?: CoseKeyOp[];
baseIV?: Uint8Array;
}
/** EC2 key — uncompressed elliptic-curve point (RFC 9053 §7.1). */
export interface Ec2Key extends CoseKeyCommon {
kty: "EC2";
crv: CoseCurve;
x: Uint8Array;
y: Uint8Array;
d?: Uint8Array;
}
/** OKP key — Edwards / Montgomery curve point (RFC 8152 §13.2). */
export interface OkpKey extends CoseKeyCommon {
kty: "OKP";
crv: CoseCurve;
x: Uint8Array;
d?: Uint8Array;
}
/** RSA key (RFC 8230). */
export interface RsaKey extends CoseKeyCommon {
kty: "RSA";
n: Uint8Array;
e: Uint8Array;
d?: Uint8Array;
p?: Uint8Array;
q?: Uint8Array;
dP?: Uint8Array;
dQ?: Uint8Array;
qInv?: Uint8Array;
}
/** Symmetric key (RFC 9052 §7.1). */
export interface SymmetricKey extends CoseKeyCommon {
kty: "Symmetric";
k: Uint8Array;
}
/** Discriminated union of every COSE key shape this package decodes. */
export type CoseKey = OkpKey | Ec2Key | RsaKey | SymmetricKey;

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# `encrypt`
## Purpose
`COSE_Encrypt` (RFC 9052 §5.1) — multi-recipient AEAD-encrypted COSE
message in CBOR tag 96. Each recipient holds its own wrapped copy of the
content-encryption key (CEK); the body carries one ciphertext encrypted
under the CEK. This module ships encode/decode of the wire shape plus a
kid-based recipient lookup.
## Features
- `encodeCoseEncrypt` builds the 4-tuple `[bodyProtected, bodyUnprotected,
ciphertext, recipients]`. Per-recipient triples
`[recipientProtected, recipientUnprotected, encryptedKey]` carry the
wrapped-CEK bytes verbatim — KEK wrap is delegated to whatever scheme
the recipient declares.
- `decodeCoseEncrypt` recovers the typed view including each recipient's
`protectedRaw` for any per-recipient verification flow.
- `findEncryptRecipientByKid` does a `kid` byte compare across all
recipients (looking in protected then unprotected headers).
- Empty recipient arrays are rejected per §5.1.
## Usage
```ts
import { encodeCoseEncrypt, decodeCoseEncrypt, findEncryptRecipientByKid } from "@suaveplan/cbor/cose";
const wire = encodeCoseEncrypt({
protectedHeader: { alg: "A256GCM" },
unprotectedHeader: { iv },
ciphertext: aeadOutput,
recipients: [
{ unprotectedHeader: { kid: kidA }, encryptedKey: wrappedCekA },
{ unprotectedHeader: { kid: kidB }, encryptedKey: wrappedCekB },
],
});
const msg = decodeCoseEncrypt(wire);
const mine = findEncryptRecipientByKid(msg, kidA);
```
## API
- `encodeCoseEncrypt(input)` / `decodeCoseEncrypt(bytes)`.
- `findEncryptRecipientByKid(msg, kid): CoseRecipient | undefined`.
- `COSE_ENCRYPT_TAG = 96`.
## Notes
The CEK wrapping is handled by the caller — this module is the wire-shape
codec. Common KEK schemes (`A128KW`, `A256KW`, `direct`, `ECDH-ES`,
`ECDH-ES+A256KW`) all serialise into the recipient bucket the same way:
the wrapped key bytes go in slot 2, the algorithm declaration goes in the
recipient's protected header.

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import { describe, expect, it } from "@suaveplan/testing/runner";
import {
decodeCoseEncrypt,
encodeCoseEncrypt,
findEncryptRecipientByKid,
} from "./encrypt.js";
describe("COSE_Encrypt — multi-recipient round-trip", () => {
it("encodes + decodes with two recipients", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const wire = encodeCoseEncrypt({
protectedHeader: { alg: "A256GCM" },
unprotectedHeader: { iv: new Uint8Array(12) },
ciphertext: new Uint8Array([0xde, 0xad]),
recipients: [
{
unprotectedHeader: { kid: new Uint8Array([0xaa]) },
encryptedKey: new Uint8Array(40).fill(1),
},
{
protectedHeader: { kid: new Uint8Array([0xbb]) },
encryptedKey: new Uint8Array(40).fill(2),
},
],
});
const msg = decodeCoseEncrypt(wire);
expect(msg.recipients).toHaveLength(2);
expect(msg.protectedHeader.alg).toBe("A256GCM");
expect(msg.ciphertext && Array.from(msg.ciphertext)).toEqual([
0xde, 0xad,
]);
});
it("supports null ciphertext + tagless mode", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const wire = encodeCoseEncrypt({
ciphertext: null,
recipients: [{ encryptedKey: new Uint8Array(8) }],
tagged: false,
});
const msg = decodeCoseEncrypt(wire);
expect(msg.ciphertext).toBeNull();
});
it("findEncryptRecipientByKid finds via unprotected header", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
const wire = encodeCoseEncrypt({
ciphertext: new Uint8Array(16),
recipients: [
{
unprotectedHeader: { kid: new Uint8Array([0x11]) },
encryptedKey: new Uint8Array(8).fill(7),
},
],
});
const msg = decodeCoseEncrypt(wire);
const r = findEncryptRecipientByKid(msg, new Uint8Array([0x11]));
expect(r && Array.from(r.encryptedKey)).toEqual(new Array(8).fill(7));
});
it("findEncryptRecipientByKid finds via protected header", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
const wire = encodeCoseEncrypt({
ciphertext: new Uint8Array(16),
recipients: [
{
protectedHeader: { kid: new Uint8Array([0x33]) },
encryptedKey: new Uint8Array(8),
},
],
});
const msg = decodeCoseEncrypt(wire);
expect(
findEncryptRecipientByKid(msg, new Uint8Array([0x33]))
).toBeDefined();
});
it("findEncryptRecipientByKid returns undefined when no match", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
const wire = encodeCoseEncrypt({
ciphertext: new Uint8Array(16),
recipients: [
{
unprotectedHeader: { kid: new Uint8Array([0x11]) },
encryptedKey: new Uint8Array(8),
},
],
});
const msg = decodeCoseEncrypt(wire);
expect(
findEncryptRecipientByKid(msg, new Uint8Array([0x99]))
).toBeUndefined();
});
it("findEncryptRecipientByKid skips recipients without kid", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
const wire = encodeCoseEncrypt({
ciphertext: new Uint8Array(16),
recipients: [
{ encryptedKey: new Uint8Array(8) },
{
unprotectedHeader: { kid: new Uint8Array([0x22]) },
encryptedKey: new Uint8Array(8).fill(2),
},
],
});
const msg = decodeCoseEncrypt(wire);
const r = findEncryptRecipientByKid(msg, new Uint8Array([0x22]));
expect(r).toBeDefined();
});
it("findEncryptRecipientByKid rejects different-length kid", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
const wire = encodeCoseEncrypt({
ciphertext: new Uint8Array(16),
recipients: [
{
unprotectedHeader: { kid: new Uint8Array([0x11, 0x22]) },
encryptedKey: new Uint8Array(8),
},
],
});
const msg = decodeCoseEncrypt(wire);
expect(
findEncryptRecipientByKid(msg, new Uint8Array([0x11]))
).toBeUndefined();
});
});
describe("COSE_Encrypt — error paths", () => {
it("decode rejects non-array shape", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(() => decodeCoseEncrypt(new Uint8Array([0xa0]))).toThrow(
/UNEXPECTED_TYPE/
);
});
it("decode rejects non-byte-string protected", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const bad = new Uint8Array([0x84, 0x60, 0xa0, 0x40, 0x80]);
expect(() => decodeCoseEncrypt(bad)).toThrow(/UNEXPECTED_TYPE/);
});
it("decode rejects non-map unprotected", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const bad = new Uint8Array([0x84, 0x40, 0x60, 0x40, 0x80]);
expect(() => decodeCoseEncrypt(bad)).toThrow(/UNEXPECTED_TYPE/);
});
it("decode rejects non-byte-string ciphertext (not null)", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
const bad = new Uint8Array([0x84, 0x40, 0xa0, 0x60, 0x80]);
expect(() => decodeCoseEncrypt(bad)).toThrow(/UNEXPECTED_TYPE/);
});
it("decode rejects empty recipients", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const bad = new Uint8Array([0x84, 0x40, 0xa0, 0x40, 0x80]);
expect(() => decodeCoseEncrypt(bad)).toThrow(/UNEXPECTED_TYPE/);
});
it("decode rejects malformed recipient length", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const bad = new Uint8Array([0x84, 0x40, 0xa0, 0x40, 0x81, 0x81, 0x60]);
expect(() => decodeCoseEncrypt(bad)).toThrow(/UNEXPECTED_TYPE/);
});
it("decode rejects recipient[0] non-bytes", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const bad = new Uint8Array([
0x84, 0x40, 0xa0, 0x40, 0x81, 0x83, 0x60, 0xa0, 0x40,
]);
expect(() => decodeCoseEncrypt(bad)).toThrow(/UNEXPECTED_TYPE/);
});
it("decode rejects recipient[1] non-map", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const bad = new Uint8Array([
0x84, 0x40, 0xa0, 0x40, 0x81, 0x83, 0x40, 0x60, 0x40,
]);
expect(() => decodeCoseEncrypt(bad)).toThrow(/UNEXPECTED_TYPE/);
});
it("decode rejects recipient[2] non-bytes", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const bad = new Uint8Array([
0x84, 0x40, 0xa0, 0x40, 0x81, 0x83, 0x40, 0xa0, 0x60,
]);
expect(() => decodeCoseEncrypt(bad)).toThrow(/UNEXPECTED_TYPE/);
});
});

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import { decode } from "../decoder/decoder.js";
import type { DecodedValue } from "../decoder/decoder.types.js";
import { encode } from "../encoder/encoder.js";
import { CBOR_CODES, cborError } from "../errors/error-codes.js";
import { Tagged } from "../tags/tagged.js";
import { type CoseHeader, headerToMap, mapToHeader } from "./headers.js";
import type { CoseRecipient } from "./mac.js";
/** RFC 9052 §5.1 — `COSE_Encrypt_Tagged` is CBOR tag 96. */
export const COSE_ENCRYPT_TAG = 96;
export interface CoseEncrypt {
protectedRaw: Uint8Array;
protectedHeader: CoseHeader;
unprotectedHeader: CoseHeader;
ciphertext: Uint8Array | null;
recipients: CoseRecipient[];
}
export interface EncodeCoseRecipientInput {
protectedHeader?: CoseHeader;
unprotectedHeader?: CoseHeader;
encryptedKey: Uint8Array;
}
export interface EncodeCoseEncryptInput {
protectedHeader?: CoseHeader;
unprotectedHeader?: CoseHeader;
ciphertext: Uint8Array | null;
recipients: EncodeCoseRecipientInput[];
tagged?: boolean;
}
export function encodeCoseEncrypt(input: EncodeCoseEncryptInput): Uint8Array {
const bodyMap = headerToMap(input.protectedHeader ?? {});
const bodyProtected =
bodyMap.size === 0
? new Uint8Array(0)
: encode(bodyMap, { deterministic: true });
const bodyUnprotected = headerToMap(input.unprotectedHeader ?? {});
const recipients = input.recipients.map((r) => {
const m = headerToMap(r.protectedHeader ?? {});
const rProtected =
m.size === 0
? new Uint8Array(0)
: encode(m, { deterministic: true });
return [
rProtected,
headerToMap(r.unprotectedHeader ?? {}),
r.encryptedKey,
];
});
const tuple: [
Uint8Array,
Map<number, unknown>,
Uint8Array | null,
unknown[],
] = [bodyProtected, bodyUnprotected, input.ciphertext, recipients];
const inner = encode(tuple, { deterministic: true });
if (input.tagged === false) return inner;
return encode(
new Tagged(COSE_ENCRYPT_TAG, decode(inner, { tagHandling: "raw" })),
{
deterministic: true,
}
);
}
export function decodeCoseEncrypt(bytes: Uint8Array): CoseEncrypt {
const top = decode(bytes, { tagHandling: "raw" });
const inner =
top instanceof Tagged && top.tag === COSE_ENCRYPT_TAG ? top.value : top;
if (!Array.isArray(inner) || inner.length !== 4) {
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.UNEXPECTED_TYPE,
"COSE_Encrypt must be a 4-element array"
);
}
const [protectedRaw, unprotectedRaw, ciphertext, recipientsRaw] = inner as [
DecodedValue,
DecodedValue,
DecodedValue,
DecodedValue,
];
if (!(protectedRaw instanceof Uint8Array)) {
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.UNEXPECTED_TYPE,
"COSE_Encrypt[0] (protected) must be byte string"
);
}
if (!(unprotectedRaw instanceof Map)) {
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.UNEXPECTED_TYPE,
"COSE_Encrypt[1] (unprotected) must be map"
);
}
if (ciphertext !== null && !(ciphertext instanceof Uint8Array)) {
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.UNEXPECTED_TYPE,
"COSE_Encrypt[2] must be byte string or null"
);
}
if (!Array.isArray(recipientsRaw) || recipientsRaw.length === 0) {
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.UNEXPECTED_TYPE,
"COSE_Encrypt[3] must be non-empty recipient array"
);
}
const recipients: CoseRecipient[] = [];
for (const r of recipientsRaw) {
if (!Array.isArray(r) || r.length !== 3) {
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.UNEXPECTED_TYPE,
"each COSE_recipient must be 3-element array"
);
}
const [rProtected, rUnprotected, encKey] = r as [
DecodedValue,
DecodedValue,
DecodedValue,
];
if (!(rProtected instanceof Uint8Array)) {
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.UNEXPECTED_TYPE,
"COSE_recipient[0] must be byte string"
);
}
if (!(rUnprotected instanceof Map)) {
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.UNEXPECTED_TYPE,
"COSE_recipient[1] must be map"
);
}
if (!(encKey instanceof Uint8Array)) {
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.UNEXPECTED_TYPE,
"COSE_recipient[2] must be byte string"
);
}
recipients.push({
protectedRaw: rProtected,
protectedHeader:
rProtected.length === 0
? {}
: mapToHeader(
decode(rProtected, { tagHandling: "raw" }) as Map<
unknown,
unknown
>
),
unprotectedHeader: mapToHeader(
rUnprotected as Map<unknown, unknown>
),
encryptedKey: encKey,
});
}
const protectedHeader =
protectedRaw.length === 0
? {}
: mapToHeader(
decode(protectedRaw, { tagHandling: "raw" }) as Map<
unknown,
unknown
>
);
return {
protectedRaw,
protectedHeader,
unprotectedHeader: mapToHeader(unprotectedRaw as Map<unknown, unknown>),
ciphertext,
recipients,
};
}
/** Find the first recipient whose `kid` matches the provided value. */
export function findEncryptRecipientByKid(
msg: CoseEncrypt,
kid: Uint8Array
): CoseRecipient | undefined {
for (const r of msg.recipients) {
const k = r.protectedHeader.kid ?? r.unprotectedHeader.kid;
if (k && k.length === kid.length && k.every((b, i) => b === kid[i]))
return r;
}
return undefined;
}

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# `encrypt0`
## Purpose
`COSE_Encrypt0` (RFC 9052 §5.2) — single-recipient AEAD-encrypted COSE
message in CBOR tag 16. Wraps AES-256-GCM and ChaCha20-Poly1305 from
`@suaveplan/crypto-cipher` and binds the ciphertext to the canonical
`Enc_structure` (§5.3) so external AAD propagates through the AEAD
authenticator.
## Features
- `encryptCoseEncrypt0` performs the AEAD computation and returns a fully-
formed COSE message; the IV automatically lands in the unprotected header
unless the caller already placed it there.
- `decryptCoseEncrypt0` resolves the IV from either the unprotected or
protected header, recomputes `Enc_structure`, and authenticates plus
decrypts in one call. Tampered ciphertext / wrong key / wrong AAD all
raise `CborError(COSE_AEAD_FAILED)`.
- Tagged + tagless wire forms supported.
- AES-256-GCM and ChaCha20-Poly1305 covered; ES384/ES512/AES-128-GCM/etc.
are explicit "not supported" errors so the gap is visible.
## Usage
```ts
import { encryptCoseEncrypt0, decryptCoseEncrypt0, decodeCoseEncrypt0 } from "@suaveplan/cbor/cose";
const wire = encryptCoseEncrypt0({
protectedHeader: { alg: "A256GCM" },
plaintext,
key,
iv,
});
const msg = decodeCoseEncrypt0(wire);
const back = decryptCoseEncrypt0(msg, key);
```
## API
- `encryptCoseEncrypt0(input)` / `encodeCoseEncrypt0(input)`.
- `decodeCoseEncrypt0(bytes): CoseEncrypt0`.
- `decryptCoseEncrypt0(msg, key, options?): Uint8Array` — throws
`CborError(COSE_AEAD_FAILED)` on auth failure.
- `COSE_ENCRYPT0_TAG = 16`.
## Notes
The AEAD primitive's AAD argument receives the canonical `Enc_structure`
bytes — RFC 9052 §5.3 dictates this binding so an attacker cannot replay
ciphertext under a different protected header. External AAD adds a second
layer of context (e.g. transaction-id or session-id) and is mixed in as the
third element of the structure before encoding.

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import { describe, expect, it } from "@suaveplan/testing/runner";
import {
type CoseEncrypt0,
decodeCoseEncrypt0,
decryptCoseEncrypt0,
encodeCoseEncrypt0,
encryptCoseEncrypt0,
} from "./encrypt0.js";
const KEY = new Uint8Array(32).fill(0x42);
const IV = new Uint8Array(12).fill(0x07);
describe("COSE_Encrypt0 — AES-256-GCM round-trip", () => {
it("encrypts + decrypts inline", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const plaintext = new TextEncoder().encode("hello cbor");
const wire = encryptCoseEncrypt0({
protectedHeader: { alg: "A256GCM" },
plaintext,
key: KEY,
iv: IV,
});
const msg = decodeCoseEncrypt0(wire);
expect(msg.protectedHeader.alg).toBe("A256GCM");
expect(
msg.unprotectedHeader.iv && Array.from(msg.unprotectedHeader.iv)
).toEqual(Array.from(IV));
const round = decryptCoseEncrypt0(msg, KEY);
expect(new TextDecoder().decode(round)).toBe("hello cbor");
});
it("AAD propagates", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const aad = new TextEncoder().encode("ctx");
const wire = encryptCoseEncrypt0({
protectedHeader: { alg: "A256GCM" },
plaintext: new Uint8Array([1, 2, 3]),
key: KEY,
iv: IV,
externalAad: aad,
});
const msg = decodeCoseEncrypt0(wire);
// Wrong AAD → COSE_AEAD_FAILED
expect(() => decryptCoseEncrypt0(msg, KEY)).toThrow(/COSE_AEAD_FAILED/);
// Right AAD → succeeds
expect(
Array.from(decryptCoseEncrypt0(msg, KEY, { externalAad: aad }))
).toEqual([1, 2, 3]);
});
it("rejects tampered ciphertext", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const wire = encryptCoseEncrypt0({
protectedHeader: { alg: "A256GCM" },
plaintext: new Uint8Array([1, 2, 3]),
key: KEY,
iv: IV,
});
const msg = decodeCoseEncrypt0(wire);
const ct = msg.ciphertext as Uint8Array;
const tampered: CoseEncrypt0 = { ...msg, ciphertext: ct.slice() };
(tampered.ciphertext as Uint8Array)[0] =
((ct[0] as number) ^ 0xff) & 0xff;
expect(() => decryptCoseEncrypt0(tampered, KEY)).toThrow(
/COSE_AEAD_FAILED/
);
});
it("rejects wrong key", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const wire = encryptCoseEncrypt0({
protectedHeader: { alg: "A256GCM" },
plaintext: new Uint8Array([0xab]),
key: KEY,
iv: IV,
});
const msg = decodeCoseEncrypt0(wire);
expect(() => decryptCoseEncrypt0(msg, new Uint8Array(32))).toThrow(
/COSE_AEAD_FAILED/
);
});
it("alg via options instead of protected header", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const wire = encryptCoseEncrypt0({
alg: "A256GCM",
plaintext: new Uint8Array([1]),
key: KEY,
iv: IV,
});
const msg = decodeCoseEncrypt0(wire);
const round = decryptCoseEncrypt0(msg, KEY);
expect(Array.from(round)).toEqual([1]);
});
it("preserves caller-provided unprotected header IV", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
const customIv = new Uint8Array(12).fill(0x99);
const wire = encryptCoseEncrypt0({
protectedHeader: { alg: "A256GCM" },
unprotectedHeader: { iv: customIv },
plaintext: new Uint8Array([1]),
key: KEY,
iv: customIv,
});
const msg = decodeCoseEncrypt0(wire);
expect(
msg.unprotectedHeader.iv && Array.from(msg.unprotectedHeader.iv)
).toEqual(Array.from(customIv));
});
});
describe("COSE_Encrypt0 — ChaCha20-Poly1305", () => {
it("round-trips", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const wire = encryptCoseEncrypt0({
protectedHeader: { alg: "ChaCha20Poly1305" },
plaintext: new TextEncoder().encode("chacha"),
key: KEY,
iv: IV,
});
const msg = decodeCoseEncrypt0(wire);
expect(new TextDecoder().decode(decryptCoseEncrypt0(msg, KEY))).toBe(
"chacha"
);
});
});
describe("COSE_Encrypt0 — IV in protected header", () => {
it("decrypt picks IV from protected when unprotected lacks it", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
// Encode manually with IV only in the protected header
const wire = encryptCoseEncrypt0({
protectedHeader: { alg: "A256GCM", iv: IV },
plaintext: new Uint8Array([1, 2, 3]),
key: KEY,
iv: IV,
});
const msg = decodeCoseEncrypt0(wire);
// Strip the unprotected IV that the helper auto-added
const stripped: CoseEncrypt0 = { ...msg, unprotectedHeader: {} };
const out = decryptCoseEncrypt0(stripped, KEY);
expect(Array.from(out)).toEqual([1, 2, 3]);
});
});
describe("COSE_Encrypt0 — error paths", () => {
it("encryptCoseEncrypt0 throws when alg missing", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(() =>
encryptCoseEncrypt0({
plaintext: new Uint8Array(1),
key: KEY,
iv: IV,
})
).toThrow(/COSE_HEADER_INVALID/);
});
it("encryptCoseEncrypt0 throws on unsupported alg", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
expect(() =>
encryptCoseEncrypt0({
alg: "ES256",
plaintext: new Uint8Array(1),
key: KEY,
iv: IV,
})
).toThrow(/UNEXPECTED_TYPE/);
});
it("decrypt throws on null ciphertext", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const wire = encodeCoseEncrypt0({
protectedHeader: { alg: "A256GCM" },
unprotectedHeader: { iv: IV },
ciphertext: null,
});
const msg = decodeCoseEncrypt0(wire);
expect(() => decryptCoseEncrypt0(msg, KEY)).toThrow(/UNEXPECTED_TYPE/);
});
it("decrypt throws when alg missing entirely", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const wire = encodeCoseEncrypt0({
protectedHeader: {},
unprotectedHeader: { iv: IV },
ciphertext: new Uint8Array(16),
});
const msg = decodeCoseEncrypt0(wire);
expect(() => decryptCoseEncrypt0(msg, KEY)).toThrow(
/COSE_HEADER_INVALID/
);
});
it("decrypt throws when IV missing from both headers", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
const wire = encodeCoseEncrypt0({
protectedHeader: { alg: "A256GCM" },
ciphertext: new Uint8Array(16),
});
const msg = decodeCoseEncrypt0(wire);
expect(() => decryptCoseEncrypt0(msg, KEY)).toThrow(
/COSE_HEADER_INVALID/
);
});
it("decrypt throws on unsupported alg", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const wire = encodeCoseEncrypt0({
protectedHeader: { alg: "ES256" },
unprotectedHeader: { iv: IV },
ciphertext: new Uint8Array(16),
});
const msg = decodeCoseEncrypt0(wire);
expect(() => decryptCoseEncrypt0(msg, KEY)).toThrow(/UNEXPECTED_TYPE/);
});
it("decode rejects non-array shape", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(() => decodeCoseEncrypt0(new Uint8Array([0xa0]))).toThrow(
/UNEXPECTED_TYPE/
);
});
it("decode rejects non-byte-string protected", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const bad = new Uint8Array([0x83, 0x60, 0xa0, 0x40]);
expect(() => decodeCoseEncrypt0(bad)).toThrow(/UNEXPECTED_TYPE/);
});
it("decode rejects non-map unprotected", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const bad = new Uint8Array([0x83, 0x40, 0x60, 0x40]);
expect(() => decodeCoseEncrypt0(bad)).toThrow(/UNEXPECTED_TYPE/);
});
it("decode rejects non-byte-string non-null ciphertext", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
const bad = new Uint8Array([0x83, 0x40, 0xa0, 0x60]);
expect(() => decodeCoseEncrypt0(bad)).toThrow(/UNEXPECTED_TYPE/);
});
it("decode supports null ciphertext", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const wire = encodeCoseEncrypt0({
protectedHeader: { alg: "A256GCM" },
ciphertext: null,
});
const msg = decodeCoseEncrypt0(wire);
expect(msg.ciphertext).toBeNull();
});
it("encodeCoseEncrypt0 supports tagless mode", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const wire = encodeCoseEncrypt0({
ciphertext: new Uint8Array(16),
tagged: false,
});
const msg = decodeCoseEncrypt0(wire);
expect(msg.ciphertext?.length).toBe(16);
});
it("encryptCoseEncrypt0 supports tagless mode", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const wire = encryptCoseEncrypt0({
alg: "A256GCM",
plaintext: new Uint8Array([1]),
key: KEY,
iv: IV,
tagged: false,
});
const msg = decodeCoseEncrypt0(wire);
expect(decryptCoseEncrypt0(msg, KEY)[0]).toBe(1);
});
});

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import { aes256gcm, chacha20poly1305 } from "@suaveplan/crypto-cipher";
import { decode } from "../decoder/decoder.js";
import type { DecodedValue } from "../decoder/decoder.types.js";
import { encode } from "../encoder/encoder.js";
import { CBOR_CODES, cborError } from "../errors/error-codes.js";
import { Tagged } from "../tags/tagged.js";
import type { CoseAlg } from "./cose.types.js";
import { type CoseHeader, headerToMap, mapToHeader } from "./headers.js";
import { buildEncStructure } from "./sig-structure.js";
/** RFC 9052 §5.2 — `COSE_Encrypt0_Tagged` is CBOR tag 16. */
export const COSE_ENCRYPT0_TAG = 16;
export interface CoseEncrypt0 {
protectedRaw: Uint8Array;
protectedHeader: CoseHeader;
unprotectedHeader: CoseHeader;
/** AEAD ciphertext concatenated with the auth tag, or `null` for detached form. */
ciphertext: Uint8Array | null;
}
export interface EncryptCoseEncrypt0Input {
protectedHeader?: CoseHeader;
unprotectedHeader?: CoseHeader;
plaintext: Uint8Array;
key: Uint8Array;
/** IV / nonce. Length depends on the algorithm (AES-GCM: 12, ChaCha20-Poly1305: 12). */
iv: Uint8Array;
externalAad?: Uint8Array;
/** Algorithm override; required when no `alg` lives in the protected header. */
alg?: CoseAlg;
tagged?: boolean;
}
export interface EncodeCoseEncrypt0Input {
protectedHeader?: CoseHeader;
unprotectedHeader?: CoseHeader;
ciphertext: Uint8Array | null;
tagged?: boolean;
}
export interface DecryptCoseEncrypt0Options {
externalAad?: Uint8Array;
alg?: CoseAlg;
}
/**
* Encrypt a plaintext under AES-256-GCM or ChaCha20-Poly1305 and return a
* fully-formed `COSE_Encrypt0` byte sequence. The IV must live in the
* caller-supplied `iv` argument; convention is to also surface it in
* `unprotectedHeader.iv` so a peer can decrypt without out-of-band metadata.
*/
export function encryptCoseEncrypt0(
input: EncryptCoseEncrypt0Input
): Uint8Array {
const alg = input.alg ?? input.protectedHeader?.alg;
if (!alg) {
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.COSE_HEADER_INVALID,
"encryptCoseEncrypt0 needs alg in protected header or options"
);
}
const protectedHeader: CoseHeader = { ...input.protectedHeader, alg };
const protectedRaw = encode(headerToMap(protectedHeader), {
deterministic: true,
});
const unprotectedBase = input.unprotectedHeader ?? {};
// Surface the IV in the unprotected header if the caller hasn't done so.
const unprotectedHeader: CoseHeader = unprotectedBase.iv
? unprotectedBase
: { ...unprotectedBase, iv: input.iv };
const externalAad = input.externalAad ?? new Uint8Array(0);
const enc = buildEncStructure("Encrypt0", protectedRaw, externalAad);
const ciphertext = doEncrypt(
alg,
input.key,
input.iv,
input.plaintext,
enc
);
return encodeCoseEncrypt0({
protectedHeader,
unprotectedHeader,
ciphertext,
...(input.tagged !== undefined ? { tagged: input.tagged } : {}),
});
}
export function encodeCoseEncrypt0(input: EncodeCoseEncrypt0Input): Uint8Array {
const protectedMap = headerToMap(input.protectedHeader ?? {});
const protectedRaw =
protectedMap.size === 0
? new Uint8Array(0)
: encode(protectedMap, { deterministic: true });
const unprotectedMap = headerToMap(input.unprotectedHeader ?? {});
const tuple: [Uint8Array, Map<number, unknown>, Uint8Array | null] = [
protectedRaw,
unprotectedMap,
input.ciphertext,
];
const inner = encode(tuple, { deterministic: true });
if (input.tagged === false) return inner;
return encode(
new Tagged(COSE_ENCRYPT0_TAG, decode(inner, { tagHandling: "raw" })),
{
deterministic: true,
}
);
}
export function decodeCoseEncrypt0(bytes: Uint8Array): CoseEncrypt0 {
const top = decode(bytes, { tagHandling: "raw" });
const inner =
top instanceof Tagged && top.tag === COSE_ENCRYPT0_TAG
? top.value
: top;
if (!Array.isArray(inner) || inner.length !== 3) {
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.UNEXPECTED_TYPE,
"COSE_Encrypt0 must be a 3-element array"
);
}
const [protectedRaw, unprotectedRaw, ciphertext] = inner as [
DecodedValue,
DecodedValue,
DecodedValue,
];
if (!(protectedRaw instanceof Uint8Array)) {
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.UNEXPECTED_TYPE,
"COSE_Encrypt0[0] (protected) must be byte string"
);
}
if (!(unprotectedRaw instanceof Map)) {
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.UNEXPECTED_TYPE,
"COSE_Encrypt0[1] (unprotected) must be map"
);
}
if (ciphertext !== null && !(ciphertext instanceof Uint8Array)) {
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.UNEXPECTED_TYPE,
"COSE_Encrypt0[2] (ciphertext) must be byte string or null"
);
}
const protectedHeader =
protectedRaw.length === 0
? {}
: mapToHeader(
decode(protectedRaw, { tagHandling: "raw" }) as Map<
unknown,
unknown
>
);
return {
protectedRaw,
protectedHeader,
unprotectedHeader: mapToHeader(unprotectedRaw as Map<unknown, unknown>),
ciphertext,
};
}
/**
* Decrypt a `COSE_Encrypt0` message. The IV is taken from the unprotected
* header's `iv` field unless the caller passes a `forceIv` value.
*/
export function decryptCoseEncrypt0(
msg: CoseEncrypt0,
key: Uint8Array,
options: DecryptCoseEncrypt0Options = {}
): Uint8Array {
const alg = options.alg ?? msg.protectedHeader.alg;
if (!alg) {
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.COSE_HEADER_INVALID,
"COSE_Encrypt0 has no `alg` to decrypt against"
);
}
if (msg.ciphertext === null) {
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.UNEXPECTED_TYPE,
"COSE_Encrypt0 detached payload not supported"
);
}
const iv = msg.unprotectedHeader.iv ?? msg.protectedHeader.iv;
if (!iv) {
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.COSE_HEADER_INVALID,
"COSE_Encrypt0 missing IV in headers"
);
}
if (alg !== "A256GCM" && alg !== "ChaCha20Poly1305") {
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.UNEXPECTED_TYPE,
`Encrypt0 alg ${alg} not supported`
);
}
const externalAad = options.externalAad ?? new Uint8Array(0);
const enc = buildEncStructure("Encrypt0", msg.protectedRaw, externalAad);
try {
return doDecrypt(alg, key, iv, msg.ciphertext, enc);
} catch (cause) {
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.COSE_AEAD_FAILED,
"COSE_Encrypt0 AEAD authentication failed",
{
cause,
}
);
}
}
function doEncrypt(
alg: CoseAlg,
key: Uint8Array,
nonce: Uint8Array,
plaintext: Uint8Array,
aad: Uint8Array
): Uint8Array {
switch (alg) {
case "A256GCM":
return aes256gcm.encrypt(key, nonce, plaintext, aad);
case "ChaCha20Poly1305":
return chacha20poly1305.encrypt(key, nonce, plaintext, aad);
default:
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.UNEXPECTED_TYPE,
`Encrypt0 alg ${alg} not supported`
);
}
}
function doDecrypt(
alg: "A256GCM" | "ChaCha20Poly1305",
key: Uint8Array,
nonce: Uint8Array,
ciphertext: Uint8Array,
aad: Uint8Array
): Uint8Array {
if (alg === "A256GCM")
return aes256gcm.decrypt(key, nonce, ciphertext, aad);
return chacha20poly1305.decrypt(key, nonce, ciphertext, aad);
}

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# `headers`
## Purpose
Typed `CoseHeader` map shape covering RFC 9052 §3.1 + IANA COSE Header
Parameters (alg, crit, content type, kid, IV, Partial IV, counter signature).
Two helpers — `mapToHeader` and `headerToMap` — round-trip between the typed
shape and the plain CBOR map representation that lands on the wire.
## Features
- `alg` is typed as `CoseAlg` so the algorithm union narrows downstream.
- `crit` rejects empty arrays and non-numeric labels per §3.1.
- `contentType` accepts both numeric (IANA CoAP Content-Format) and string
(RFC 6838) forms.
- All byte-string fields validated at the boundary; non-bytes throws
`COSE_HEADER_INVALID`.
- Round-trip is total: every field in the typed shape lands on the wire and
vice versa, with no implicit drops.
## Usage
```ts
import { headerToMap, mapToHeader } from "@suaveplan/cbor/cose";
import { encode, decode } from "@suaveplan/cbor";
const m = headerToMap({ alg: "ES256", kid: new Uint8Array([0xab]) });
const wire = encode(m, { deterministic: true });
const back = mapToHeader(decode(wire) as Map<unknown, unknown>);
```
## API
- `interface CoseHeader` — typed shape.
- `mapToHeader(m: Map<unknown, unknown>): CoseHeader`.
- `headerToMap(h: CoseHeader): Map<number, unknown>`.
## Notes
`crit` must be non-empty per §3.1: an empty list is malformed because it
implies "every header is unsupported", which contradicts the receiver's
ability to verify the message. The guard catches encoder bugs that would
otherwise emit `[]` for a header set with no critical entries.

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import { describe, expect, it } from "@suaveplan/testing/runner";
import { decode } from "../decoder/decoder.js";
import { encode } from "../encoder/encoder.js";
import { type CoseHeader, headerToMap, mapToHeader } from "./headers.js";
describe("CoseHeader — round-trip", () => {
it("empty header round-trips", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const m = headerToMap({});
expect(m.size).toBe(0);
expect(mapToHeader(m)).toEqual({});
});
it("alg + kid + iv round-trips", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const h: CoseHeader = {
alg: "ES256",
kid: new Uint8Array([0xab]),
iv: new Uint8Array([0, 1, 2]),
};
const m = headerToMap(h);
const wire = encode(m, { deterministic: true });
const decoded = decode(wire) as Map<unknown, unknown>;
expect(mapToHeader(decoded)).toEqual(h);
});
it("crit + contentType + partialIv + counterSignature round-trips", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
const h: CoseHeader = {
crit: [1, 2],
contentType: "application/cose",
partialIv: new Uint8Array([0xde]),
counterSignature: new Uint8Array([0xaa, 0xbb]),
};
const m = headerToMap(h);
const wire = encode(m, { deterministic: true });
const decoded = decode(wire) as Map<unknown, unknown>;
expect(mapToHeader(decoded)).toEqual(h);
});
it("numeric content type round-trips", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const h: CoseHeader = { contentType: 42 };
const decoded = decode(encode(headerToMap(h))) as Map<unknown, unknown>;
expect(mapToHeader(decoded)).toEqual(h);
});
});
describe("CoseHeader — error paths", () => {
it("rejects non-numeric alg", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const m = new Map<number, unknown>([[1, "not-a-number"]]);
expect(() => mapToHeader(m)).toThrow(/COSE_HEADER_INVALID/);
});
it("rejects unknown alg label", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const m = new Map<number, unknown>([[1, 9999]]);
expect(() => mapToHeader(m)).toThrow(/COSE_HEADER_INVALID/);
});
it("rejects non-array crit", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const m = new Map<number, unknown>([[2, "not-array"]]);
expect(() => mapToHeader(m)).toThrow(/COSE_HEADER_INVALID/);
});
it("rejects empty crit", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const m = new Map<number, unknown>([[2, []]]);
expect(() => mapToHeader(m)).toThrow(/COSE_HEADER_INVALID/);
});
it("rejects non-numeric crit entry", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const m = new Map<number, unknown>([[2, ["not-number"]]]);
expect(() => mapToHeader(m)).toThrow(/COSE_HEADER_INVALID/);
});
it("rejects non-string-or-number contentType", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const m = new Map<number, unknown>([[3, true]]);
expect(() => mapToHeader(m)).toThrow(/COSE_HEADER_INVALID/);
});
it("rejects non-bytes kid", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const m = new Map<number, unknown>([[4, "not-bytes"]]);
expect(() => mapToHeader(m)).toThrow(/COSE_HEADER_INVALID/);
});
it("rejects non-bytes IV", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const m = new Map<number, unknown>([[5, 123]]);
expect(() => mapToHeader(m)).toThrow(/COSE_HEADER_INVALID/);
});
it("rejects non-bytes partial IV", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const m = new Map<number, unknown>([[6, 123]]);
expect(() => mapToHeader(m)).toThrow(/COSE_HEADER_INVALID/);
});
it("rejects non-bytes counter signature", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const m = new Map<number, unknown>([[7, "not-bytes"]]);
expect(() => mapToHeader(m)).toThrow(/COSE_HEADER_INVALID/);
});
});

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import { CBOR_CODES, cborError } from "../errors/error-codes.js";
import {
COSE_ALG_BY_LABEL,
COSE_ALG_LABELS,
type CoseAlg,
} from "./cose.types.js";
/**
* Common COSE header parameters per RFC 9052 §3.1 + IANA COSE Header
* Parameters registry. Headers appear twice in every COSE message: a
* "protected" bucket (canonically encoded as a byte string holding a CBOR
* map) and an "unprotected" bucket (carried as a plain CBOR map).
*/
export interface CoseHeader {
/** Label 1 — algorithm identifier (typed). */
alg?: CoseAlg;
/** Label 2 — critical headers list. Receiver MUST understand each label. */
crit?: number[];
/** Label 3 — content type (numeric or text). */
contentType?: number | string;
/** Label 4 — key identifier. */
kid?: Uint8Array;
/** Label 5 — initialization vector (full IV). */
iv?: Uint8Array;
/** Label 6 — partial IV (XOR'd with base IV at the receiver). */
partialIv?: Uint8Array;
/** Label 7 — counter signature(s). Carried as raw CBOR bytes. */
counterSignature?: Uint8Array;
}
const ALG_LABEL = 1;
const CRIT_LABEL = 2;
const CONTENT_TYPE_LABEL = 3;
const KID_LABEL = 4;
const IV_LABEL = 5;
const PARTIAL_IV_LABEL = 6;
const COUNTER_SIG_LABEL = 7;
/** Convert a CBOR-decoded `Map` into the typed `CoseHeader` shape. */
export function mapToHeader(m: Map<unknown, unknown>): CoseHeader {
const out: CoseHeader = {};
const algRaw = m.get(ALG_LABEL);
if (algRaw !== undefined) {
if (typeof algRaw !== "number") {
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.COSE_HEADER_INVALID,
"alg (label 1) must be number"
);
}
const alg = COSE_ALG_BY_LABEL[algRaw];
if (!alg) {
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.COSE_HEADER_INVALID,
`unknown alg label ${algRaw}`
);
}
out.alg = alg;
}
const crit = m.get(CRIT_LABEL);
if (crit !== undefined) out.crit = readCrit(crit);
const ct = m.get(CONTENT_TYPE_LABEL);
if (ct !== undefined) out.contentType = readContentType(ct);
const kid = m.get(KID_LABEL);
if (kid !== undefined) out.kid = expectBytes(kid, "kid");
const iv = m.get(IV_LABEL);
if (iv !== undefined) out.iv = expectBytes(iv, "IV");
const partialIv = m.get(PARTIAL_IV_LABEL);
if (partialIv !== undefined)
out.partialIv = expectBytes(partialIv, "Partial IV");
const cs = m.get(COUNTER_SIG_LABEL);
if (cs !== undefined)
out.counterSignature = expectBytes(cs, "counter signature");
return out;
}
/** Convert a typed `CoseHeader` into a plain CBOR-encodable `Map<number, unknown>`. */
export function headerToMap(h: CoseHeader): Map<number, unknown> {
const m = new Map<number, unknown>();
if (h.alg !== undefined) m.set(ALG_LABEL, COSE_ALG_LABELS[h.alg]);
if (h.crit !== undefined) m.set(CRIT_LABEL, h.crit);
if (h.contentType !== undefined) m.set(CONTENT_TYPE_LABEL, h.contentType);
if (h.kid !== undefined) m.set(KID_LABEL, h.kid);
if (h.iv !== undefined) m.set(IV_LABEL, h.iv);
if (h.partialIv !== undefined) m.set(PARTIAL_IV_LABEL, h.partialIv);
if (h.counterSignature !== undefined)
m.set(COUNTER_SIG_LABEL, h.counterSignature);
return m;
}
function readCrit(value: unknown): number[] {
if (!Array.isArray(value)) {
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.COSE_HEADER_INVALID,
"crit (label 2) must be array"
);
}
if (value.length === 0) {
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.COSE_HEADER_INVALID,
"crit (label 2) must be non-empty"
);
}
const out: number[] = [];
for (const v of value) {
if (typeof v !== "number") {
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.COSE_HEADER_INVALID,
"crit entries must be numbers"
);
}
out.push(v);
}
return out;
}
function readContentType(value: unknown): number | string {
if (typeof value !== "number" && typeof value !== "string") {
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.COSE_HEADER_INVALID,
"content type must be number or string"
);
}
return value;
}
function expectBytes(value: unknown, field: string): Uint8Array {
if (!(value instanceof Uint8Array)) {
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.COSE_HEADER_INVALID,
`${field} must be byte string`
);
}
return value;
}

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export {
coseAlgToCryptoAlg,
cryptoAlgToCoseAlg,
type GenesisCryptoAlg,
} from "./alg-map.js";
export {
COSE_ALG_BY_LABEL,
COSE_ALG_LABELS,
COSE_CURVE_BY_LABEL,
COSE_CURVE_LABELS,
COSE_KEY_OP_BY_LABEL,
COSE_KEY_OP_LABELS,
COSE_KTY_BY_LABEL,
COSE_KTY_LABELS,
type CoseAlg,
type CoseCurve,
type CoseKey,
type CoseKeyCommon,
type CoseKeyOp,
type CoseKty,
type Ec2Key,
type OkpKey,
type RsaKey,
type SymmetricKey,
} from "./cose.types.js";
export { decodeCoseKey, encodeCoseKey } from "./cose-key.js";
export {
COSE_ENCRYPT_TAG,
type CoseEncrypt,
decodeCoseEncrypt,
type EncodeCoseEncryptInput,
encodeCoseEncrypt,
findEncryptRecipientByKid,
} from "./encrypt.js";
export {
COSE_ENCRYPT0_TAG,
type CoseEncrypt0,
type DecryptCoseEncrypt0Options,
decodeCoseEncrypt0,
decryptCoseEncrypt0,
type EncodeCoseEncrypt0Input,
type EncryptCoseEncrypt0Input,
encodeCoseEncrypt0,
encryptCoseEncrypt0,
} from "./encrypt0.js";
export { type CoseHeader, headerToMap, mapToHeader } from "./headers.js";
export {
coseKeyToJwk,
type Ec2Jwk,
type Jwk,
type JwkCommon,
jwkToCoseKey,
type OkpJwk,
type RsaJwk,
type SymmetricJwk,
} from "./jwk.js";
export {
COSE_MAC_TAG,
type CoseMac,
type CoseRecipient,
decodeCoseMac,
type EncodeCoseMacInput,
encodeCoseMac,
findRecipientByKid,
} from "./mac.js";
export {
COSE_MAC0_TAG,
type CoseMac0,
type CreateCoseMac0Input,
createCoseMac0,
decodeCoseMac0,
type EncodeCoseMac0Input,
encodeCoseMac0,
type VerifyCoseMac0Options,
verifyCoseMac0,
} from "./mac0.js";
export {
buildEncStructure,
buildMacStructure,
buildSign1Structure,
buildSignStructure,
type EncContext,
type MacContext,
type SigContext,
} from "./sig-structure.js";
export {
COSE_SIGN_TAG,
type CoseSign,
type CoseSignature,
decodeCoseSign,
type EncodeCoseSignInput,
encodeCoseSign,
type VerifyCoseSignOptions,
verifyCoseSignAny,
} from "./sign.js";
export {
COSE_SIGN1_TAG,
type CoseSign1,
decodeCoseSign1,
type EncodeCoseSign1Input,
encodeCoseSign1,
type VerifyCoseSign1Options,
verifyCoseSign1,
} from "./sign1.js";

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# `jwk`
## Purpose
Round-trip converter between RFC 9052 `COSE_Key` instances and RFC 7517 JWK
shapes. WebAuthn attestation flows often need to hand a public key to a
WebCrypto-style verifier that consumes JWK; conversely, server-issued
JWK-formatted keys may need to land in a CBOR-encoded COSE structure. The
two conversions preserve every field that has a defined cross-format
mapping.
## Features
- `coseKeyToJwk(key)` — accepts any `CoseKey` discriminant (EC2, OKP, RSA,
Symmetric) and emits the matching JWK (`EC`, `OKP`, `RSA`, `oct`).
- `jwkToCoseKey(jwk)` — reverse mapping with full byte-string round-trip.
- Byte-string fields use RFC 4648 §5 base64url encoding without padding.
- `kid` is treated as UTF-8 bytes on the COSE side and a string on the JWK
side; conversion is lossy only if a non-UTF-8 kid is in play (rare, and
RFC 9052 §3.1 documents the convention).
- `alg` round-trips through a fixed COSE↔JWK label table so the typed
algorithm lands consistently on either side.
## Usage: Basic Example
```ts
import { coseKeyToJwk, jwkToCoseKey } from "@suaveplan/cbor/cose";
const jwk = coseKeyToJwk(coseKey);
const back = jwkToCoseKey(jwk);
```
## Usage: Advanced Example
```ts
import { decodeCoseKey, coseKeyToJwk } from "@suaveplan/cbor/cose";
// Attestation key from CTAP2
const cose = decodeCoseKey(attestationKeyBytes);
const jwk = coseKeyToJwk(cose);
// Hand off to WebCrypto
const cryptoKey = await crypto.subtle.importKey(
"jwk",
jwk,
{ name: "ECDSA", namedCurve: "P-256" },
false,
["verify"],
);
```
## API Reference
- `coseKeyToJwk(key: CoseKey): Jwk` — discriminator-aware conversion to JWK.
- `jwkToCoseKey(jwk: Jwk): CoseKey` — reverse conversion.
- `Jwk = Ec2Jwk | OkpJwk | RsaJwk | SymmetricJwk` (typed union).
Throws `CborError(UNEXPECTED_TYPE)` for incompatible curves (EC2 with a
non-P curve, OKP with a non-Ed/X curve), unknown JWK `alg` strings, and
malformed base64url input via the underlying `atob`.
## Implementation Notes
base64url encoding is implemented inline with `btoa`/`atob` rather than
pulling in `@suaveplan/crypto-utils` so this module stays free of crypto
deps. Standard base64 padding (`=`) is stripped on output and re-padded on
input — the RFC 4648 §5 spec allows omission of padding and major JWK
producers do strip it. RSA JWKs use lowercase param names (`dp`, `dq`, `qi`)
per RFC 7518 §6.3.2; COSE_Key uses the labels from RFC 8230 §4 (`-6`, `-7`,
`-8`). The bridge preserves the field-by-field correspondence.

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import { describe, expect, it } from "@suaveplan/testing/runner";
import type { Ec2Key, OkpKey, RsaKey, SymmetricKey } from "./cose.types.js";
import {
coseKeyToJwk,
type Ec2Jwk,
jwkToCoseKey,
type OkpJwk,
type RsaJwk,
type SymmetricJwk,
} from "./jwk.js";
describe("coseKeyToJwk + jwkToCoseKey round-trip", () => {
it("ES256 EC2 ↔ JWK", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const cose: Ec2Key = {
kty: "EC2",
alg: "ES256",
crv: "P-256",
x: new Uint8Array([1, 2, 3, 4]),
y: new Uint8Array([5, 6, 7, 8]),
};
const jwk = coseKeyToJwk(cose) as Ec2Jwk;
expect(jwk.kty).toBe("EC");
expect(jwk.crv).toBe("P-256");
expect(jwk.alg).toBe("ES256");
const round = jwkToCoseKey(jwk) as Ec2Key;
expect(round).toEqual(cose);
});
it("EC2 with d (private key) ↔ JWK", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const cose: Ec2Key = {
kty: "EC2",
crv: "P-256",
x: new Uint8Array(32),
y: new Uint8Array(32),
d: new Uint8Array(32).fill(9),
};
const jwk = coseKeyToJwk(cose) as Ec2Jwk;
expect(jwk.d).toBeDefined();
const round = jwkToCoseKey(jwk) as Ec2Key;
expect(round.d && Array.from(round.d)).toEqual(
Array.from(cose.d as Uint8Array)
);
});
it("Ed25519 OKP ↔ JWK", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const cose: OkpKey = {
kty: "OKP",
alg: "EdDSA",
crv: "Ed25519",
x: new Uint8Array(32),
d: new Uint8Array(32).fill(7),
};
const jwk = coseKeyToJwk(cose) as OkpJwk;
expect(jwk.kty).toBe("OKP");
expect(jwk.crv).toBe("Ed25519");
const round = jwkToCoseKey(jwk) as OkpKey;
expect(round).toEqual(cose);
});
it("RS256 RSA ↔ JWK with CRT params", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const cose: RsaKey = {
kty: "RSA",
alg: "RS256",
n: new Uint8Array(256).fill(1),
e: new Uint8Array([1, 0, 1]),
d: new Uint8Array(256).fill(2),
p: new Uint8Array(128).fill(3),
q: new Uint8Array(128).fill(4),
dP: new Uint8Array(128).fill(5),
dQ: new Uint8Array(128).fill(6),
qInv: new Uint8Array(128).fill(7),
};
const jwk = coseKeyToJwk(cose) as RsaJwk;
expect(jwk.kty).toBe("RSA");
expect(jwk.dp).toBeDefined();
const round = jwkToCoseKey(jwk) as RsaKey;
expect(round).toEqual(cose);
});
it("Symmetric ↔ JWK", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const cose: SymmetricKey = {
kty: "Symmetric",
alg: "HS256",
k: new Uint8Array(32),
};
const jwk = coseKeyToJwk(cose) as SymmetricJwk;
expect(jwk.kty).toBe("oct");
const round = jwkToCoseKey(jwk) as SymmetricKey;
expect(round).toEqual(cose);
});
it("kid round-trips through TextDecoder/Encoder", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const cose: Ec2Key = {
kty: "EC2",
crv: "P-256",
x: new Uint8Array(32),
y: new Uint8Array(32),
kid: new TextEncoder().encode("key-id-1"),
};
const jwk = coseKeyToJwk(cose);
expect(jwk.kid).toBe("key-id-1");
const round = jwkToCoseKey(jwk) as Ec2Key;
expect(round.kid && new TextDecoder().decode(round.kid)).toBe(
"key-id-1"
);
});
});
describe("optional-field absence (public-only forms)", () => {
it("EC2 without d round-trips", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const cose: Ec2Key = {
kty: "EC2",
crv: "P-256",
x: new Uint8Array(32),
y: new Uint8Array(32),
};
const jwk = coseKeyToJwk(cose) as Ec2Jwk;
expect(jwk.d).toBeUndefined();
const round = jwkToCoseKey(jwk) as Ec2Key;
expect(round.d).toBeUndefined();
});
it("OKP without d round-trips", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const cose: OkpKey = {
kty: "OKP",
crv: "Ed25519",
x: new Uint8Array(32),
};
const jwk = coseKeyToJwk(cose) as OkpJwk;
expect(jwk.d).toBeUndefined();
const round = jwkToCoseKey(jwk) as OkpKey;
expect(round.d).toBeUndefined();
});
it("RSA public-only (no CRT params)", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const cose: RsaKey = {
kty: "RSA",
n: new Uint8Array(256),
e: new Uint8Array([1, 0, 1]),
};
const jwk = coseKeyToJwk(cose) as RsaJwk;
expect(jwk.d).toBeUndefined();
expect(jwk.p).toBeUndefined();
const round = jwkToCoseKey(jwk) as RsaKey;
expect(round.d).toBeUndefined();
expect(round.p).toBeUndefined();
});
it("Symmetric without alg/kid", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const cose: SymmetricKey = { kty: "Symmetric", k: new Uint8Array(16) };
const jwk = coseKeyToJwk(cose);
expect(jwk.alg).toBeUndefined();
expect(jwk.kid).toBeUndefined();
const round = jwkToCoseKey(jwk) as SymmetricKey;
expect(round.alg).toBeUndefined();
});
});
describe("base64url edges", () => {
it("encodes URL-safe characters and strips padding", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
const cose: SymmetricKey = {
kty: "Symmetric",
// 0xff bytes ensure '+' / '/' would appear in standard base64
k: new Uint8Array([0xff, 0xfb, 0xff, 0xfe]),
};
const jwk = coseKeyToJwk(cose) as SymmetricJwk;
expect(jwk.k).not.toContain("+");
expect(jwk.k).not.toContain("/");
expect(jwk.k).not.toContain("=");
const round = jwkToCoseKey(jwk) as SymmetricKey;
expect(Array.from(round.k)).toEqual([0xff, 0xfb, 0xff, 0xfe]);
});
});
describe("error paths", () => {
it("EC2 with non-P curve throws", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const cose: Ec2Key = {
kty: "EC2",
crv: "X25519" as never,
x: new Uint8Array(32),
y: new Uint8Array(32),
};
expect(() => coseKeyToJwk(cose)).toThrow(/UNEXPECTED_TYPE/);
});
it("OKP with non-Ed/X curve throws", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const cose: OkpKey = {
kty: "OKP",
crv: "P-256" as never,
x: new Uint8Array(32),
};
expect(() => coseKeyToJwk(cose)).toThrow(/UNEXPECTED_TYPE/);
});
it("JWK with unknown alg throws on round-trip back", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
const jwk: Ec2Jwk = {
kty: "EC",
crv: "P-256",
x: "AAA",
y: "AAA",
alg: "NOT_REAL",
};
expect(() => jwkToCoseKey(jwk)).toThrow(/UNEXPECTED_TYPE/);
});
});

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import { CBOR_CODES, cborError } from "../errors/error-codes.js";
import type {
CoseAlg,
CoseCurve,
CoseKey,
Ec2Key,
OkpKey,
RsaKey,
SymmetricKey,
} from "./cose.types.js";
/**
* RFC 7517 / RFC 8037 / RFC 7518 JWK shapes.
*
* `kty`, `crv`, `kid`, `alg`, `key_ops`, `x`, `y`, `d`, `n`, `e`, `k` follow
* the IANA JWK + JOSE Algorithms registries. Byte-string fields are encoded
* as base64url per RFC 7515 §2.
*/
export interface JwkCommon {
kid?: string;
alg?: string;
key_ops?: string[];
}
export interface Ec2Jwk extends JwkCommon {
kty: "EC";
crv: "P-256" | "P-384" | "P-521";
x: string;
y: string;
d?: string;
}
export interface OkpJwk extends JwkCommon {
kty: "OKP";
crv: "Ed25519" | "Ed448" | "X25519" | "X448";
x: string;
d?: string;
}
export interface RsaJwk extends JwkCommon {
kty: "RSA";
n: string;
e: string;
d?: string;
p?: string;
q?: string;
dp?: string;
dq?: string;
qi?: string;
}
export interface SymmetricJwk extends JwkCommon {
kty: "oct";
k: string;
}
export type Jwk = Ec2Jwk | OkpJwk | RsaJwk | SymmetricJwk;
const COSE_TO_JWK_ALG: Readonly<Record<CoseAlg, string>> = {
ES256: "ES256",
ES384: "ES384",
ES512: "ES512",
EdDSA: "EdDSA",
RS256: "RS256",
RS384: "RS384",
RS512: "RS512",
HS256: "HS256",
HS384: "HS384",
HS512: "HS512",
A128GCM: "A128GCM",
A192GCM: "A192GCM",
A256GCM: "A256GCM",
ChaCha20Poly1305: "ChaCha20-Poly1305",
};
const JWK_TO_COSE_ALG: Readonly<Record<string, CoseAlg>> = Object.fromEntries(
Object.entries(COSE_TO_JWK_ALG).map(([k, v]) => [v, k as CoseAlg])
);
/** Convert a typed `CoseKey` to a JWK. */
export function coseKeyToJwk(key: CoseKey): Jwk {
switch (key.kty) {
case "EC2":
return ec2ToJwk(key);
case "OKP":
return okpToJwk(key);
case "RSA":
return rsaToJwk(key);
case "Symmetric":
return symmetricToJwk(key);
}
}
/** Convert a JWK to a typed `CoseKey`. */
export function jwkToCoseKey(jwk: Jwk): CoseKey {
switch (jwk.kty) {
case "EC":
return jwkToEc2(jwk);
case "OKP":
return jwkToOkp(jwk);
case "RSA":
return jwkToRsa(jwk);
case "oct":
return jwkToSymmetric(jwk);
}
}
function ec2ToJwk(key: Ec2Key): Ec2Jwk {
if (key.crv !== "P-256" && key.crv !== "P-384" && key.crv !== "P-521") {
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.UNEXPECTED_TYPE,
`EC2 key must use P-256/384/521; got ${key.crv}`
);
}
const out: Ec2Jwk = {
kty: "EC",
crv: key.crv,
x: b64url(key.x),
y: b64url(key.y),
};
if (key.d !== undefined) out.d = b64url(key.d);
return withCommon(out, key);
}
function okpToJwk(key: OkpKey): OkpJwk {
if (
key.crv !== "Ed25519" &&
key.crv !== "Ed448" &&
key.crv !== "X25519" &&
key.crv !== "X448"
) {
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.UNEXPECTED_TYPE,
`OKP key must use Ed/X 25519/448; got ${key.crv}`
);
}
const out: OkpJwk = { kty: "OKP", crv: key.crv, x: b64url(key.x) };
if (key.d !== undefined) out.d = b64url(key.d);
return withCommon(out, key);
}
function rsaToJwk(key: RsaKey): RsaJwk {
const out: RsaJwk = {
kty: "RSA",
n: b64url(key.n),
e: b64url(key.e),
};
if (key.d !== undefined) out.d = b64url(key.d);
if (key.p !== undefined) out.p = b64url(key.p);
if (key.q !== undefined) out.q = b64url(key.q);
if (key.dP !== undefined) out.dp = b64url(key.dP);
if (key.dQ !== undefined) out.dq = b64url(key.dQ);
if (key.qInv !== undefined) out.qi = b64url(key.qInv);
return withCommon(out, key);
}
function symmetricToJwk(key: SymmetricKey): SymmetricJwk {
const out: SymmetricJwk = { kty: "oct", k: b64url(key.k) };
return withCommon(out, key);
}
function withCommon<T extends Jwk>(out: T, key: CoseKey): T {
if (key.alg !== undefined) (out as Jwk).alg = COSE_TO_JWK_ALG[key.alg];
if (key.kid !== undefined)
(out as Jwk).kid = new TextDecoder().decode(key.kid);
return out;
}
function jwkToEc2(jwk: Ec2Jwk): Ec2Key {
const out: Ec2Key = {
kty: "EC2",
crv: jwk.crv as CoseCurve,
x: fromB64url(jwk.x),
y: fromB64url(jwk.y),
};
if (jwk.d !== undefined) out.d = fromB64url(jwk.d);
return applyJwkCommon(out, jwk);
}
function jwkToOkp(jwk: OkpJwk): OkpKey {
const out: OkpKey = {
kty: "OKP",
crv: jwk.crv as CoseCurve,
x: fromB64url(jwk.x),
};
if (jwk.d !== undefined) out.d = fromB64url(jwk.d);
return applyJwkCommon(out, jwk);
}
function jwkToRsa(jwk: RsaJwk): RsaKey {
const out: RsaKey = {
kty: "RSA",
n: fromB64url(jwk.n),
e: fromB64url(jwk.e),
};
if (jwk.d !== undefined) out.d = fromB64url(jwk.d);
if (jwk.p !== undefined) out.p = fromB64url(jwk.p);
if (jwk.q !== undefined) out.q = fromB64url(jwk.q);
if (jwk.dp !== undefined) out.dP = fromB64url(jwk.dp);
if (jwk.dq !== undefined) out.dQ = fromB64url(jwk.dq);
if (jwk.qi !== undefined) out.qInv = fromB64url(jwk.qi);
return applyJwkCommon(out, jwk);
}
function jwkToSymmetric(jwk: SymmetricJwk): SymmetricKey {
const out: SymmetricKey = { kty: "Symmetric", k: fromB64url(jwk.k) };
return applyJwkCommon(out, jwk);
}
function applyJwkCommon<T extends CoseKey>(out: T, jwk: Jwk): T {
if (jwk.alg !== undefined) {
const a = JWK_TO_COSE_ALG[jwk.alg];
if (!a)
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.UNEXPECTED_TYPE,
`unknown JWK alg ${jwk.alg}`
);
out.alg = a;
}
if (jwk.kid !== undefined) out.kid = new TextEncoder().encode(jwk.kid);
return out;
}
/** RFC 4648 §5 base64url, no padding. */
function b64url(bytes: Uint8Array): string {
let s = "";
for (const b of bytes) s += String.fromCharCode(b);
return btoa(s).replace(/\+/g, "-").replace(/\//g, "_").replace(/=+$/, "");
}
function fromB64url(s: string): Uint8Array {
const padded = s.replace(/-/g, "+").replace(/_/g, "/");
const pad =
padded.length % 4 === 0 ? "" : "=".repeat(4 - (padded.length % 4));
const bin = atob(padded + pad);
const out = new Uint8Array(bin.length);
for (let i = 0; i < bin.length; i++) out[i] = bin.charCodeAt(i);
return out;
}

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# `mac`
## Purpose
`COSE_Mac` (RFC 9052 §6.1) — multi-recipient MAC message in CBOR tag 97.
Each recipient gets a wrapped copy of the content-MAC key (CMK); the body
itself carries one MAC computed over the payload using the CMK. This module
ships encode/decode of the wire shape plus a kid-based recipient lookup.
## Features
- `encodeCoseMac` builds the 5-tuple `[bodyProtected, bodyUnprotected,
payload, tag, recipients]`. Per-recipient triples
`[recipientProtected, recipientUnprotected, encryptedKey]` carry the
wrapped-key bytes verbatim — wrap/unwrap is delegated to whatever scheme
the recipient header declares (direct, KEK, ECDH-ES, etc.).
- `decodeCoseMac` recovers the typed `CoseMac` view. Each recipient lands
in `msg.recipients[]` with its own `protectedRaw` byte string ready for
any per-recipient verification flow that needs it.
- `findRecipientByKid` does a constant-time-ish byte compare over the
recipient's `kid` (consulted in protected then unprotected headers).
- Empty recipient arrays are rejected — RFC 9052 §6.1 requires at least one.
## Usage
```ts
import { encodeCoseMac, decodeCoseMac, findRecipientByKid } from "@suaveplan/cbor/cose";
const wire = encodeCoseMac({
protectedHeader: { alg: "HS256" },
payload,
tag: macTag,
recipients: [
{ unprotectedHeader: { kid: kidA }, encryptedKey: wrapped },
{ unprotectedHeader: { kid: kidB }, encryptedKey: wrappedB },
],
});
const msg = decodeCoseMac(wire);
const mine = findRecipientByKid(msg, kidA);
```
## API
- `encodeCoseMac(input)` / `decodeCoseMac(bytes)`.
- `findRecipientByKid(msg, kid): CoseRecipient | undefined`.
- `COSE_MAC_TAG = 97`.
## Notes
The body's `tag` is computed over the canonical `MAC_structure` (RFC 9052
§6.3) using the CMK. This module does not implement the wrapping/unwrapping
of the CMK to each recipient — that lives one layer up, where the recipient-
specific algorithm (`A128KW`, `direct`, `ECDH-ES + A256KW`, …) is dispatched.
The helper here gives a typed shape for callers to plug those wraps into.

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import { describe, expect, it } from "@suaveplan/testing/runner";
import { decodeCoseMac, encodeCoseMac, findRecipientByKid } from "./mac.js";
describe("COSE_Mac — multi-recipient round-trip", () => {
it("encodes + decodes with two recipients", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const wire = encodeCoseMac({
protectedHeader: { alg: "HS256" },
payload: new Uint8Array([1, 2, 3]),
tag: new Uint8Array(32),
recipients: [
{
protectedHeader: {},
unprotectedHeader: { kid: new Uint8Array([0xab]) },
encryptedKey: new Uint8Array(32).fill(1),
},
{
unprotectedHeader: { kid: new Uint8Array([0xcd]) },
encryptedKey: new Uint8Array(32).fill(2),
},
],
});
const msg = decodeCoseMac(wire);
expect(msg.protectedHeader.alg).toBe("HS256");
expect(msg.recipients).toHaveLength(2);
expect(
msg.recipients[0]?.unprotectedHeader.kid &&
Array.from(msg.recipients[0].unprotectedHeader.kid)
).toEqual([0xab]);
expect(Array.from(msg.recipients[1]?.encryptedKey ?? [])).toEqual(
new Array(32).fill(2)
);
});
it("supports tagless wire form", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const wire = encodeCoseMac({
payload: new Uint8Array([1]),
tag: new Uint8Array(32),
recipients: [{ encryptedKey: new Uint8Array(32) }],
tagged: false,
});
const msg = decodeCoseMac(wire);
expect(msg.recipients).toHaveLength(1);
});
it("supports null payload", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const wire = encodeCoseMac({
payload: null,
tag: new Uint8Array(32),
recipients: [{ encryptedKey: new Uint8Array(32) }],
});
const msg = decodeCoseMac(wire);
expect(msg.payload).toBeNull();
});
it("findRecipientByKid finds matching recipient via unprotected header", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
const wire = encodeCoseMac({
payload: new Uint8Array([1]),
tag: new Uint8Array(32),
recipients: [
{
unprotectedHeader: { kid: new Uint8Array([0xaa]) },
encryptedKey: new Uint8Array(16).fill(1),
},
{
unprotectedHeader: { kid: new Uint8Array([0xbb]) },
encryptedKey: new Uint8Array(16).fill(2),
},
],
});
const msg = decodeCoseMac(wire);
const found = findRecipientByKid(msg, new Uint8Array([0xbb]));
expect(found).toBeDefined();
expect(Array.from(found?.encryptedKey ?? [])).toEqual(
new Array(16).fill(2)
);
});
it("findRecipientByKid finds via protected header", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
const wire = encodeCoseMac({
payload: new Uint8Array([1]),
tag: new Uint8Array(32),
recipients: [
{
protectedHeader: { kid: new Uint8Array([0x77]) },
encryptedKey: new Uint8Array(8),
},
],
});
const msg = decodeCoseMac(wire);
expect(findRecipientByKid(msg, new Uint8Array([0x77]))).toBeDefined();
});
it("findRecipientByKid returns undefined when no match", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
const wire = encodeCoseMac({
payload: new Uint8Array([1]),
tag: new Uint8Array(32),
recipients: [
{
unprotectedHeader: { kid: new Uint8Array([0x11]) },
encryptedKey: new Uint8Array(8),
},
],
});
const msg = decodeCoseMac(wire);
expect(findRecipientByKid(msg, new Uint8Array([0x99]))).toBeUndefined();
});
it("findRecipientByKid skips recipients with no kid", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
const wire = encodeCoseMac({
payload: new Uint8Array([1]),
tag: new Uint8Array(32),
recipients: [
{ encryptedKey: new Uint8Array(8) },
{
unprotectedHeader: { kid: new Uint8Array([0x22]) },
encryptedKey: new Uint8Array(8).fill(2),
},
],
});
const msg = decodeCoseMac(wire);
const found = findRecipientByKid(msg, new Uint8Array([0x22]));
expect(found && Array.from(found.encryptedKey)).toEqual(
new Array(8).fill(2)
);
});
it("findRecipientByKid rejects different-length kid", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
const wire = encodeCoseMac({
payload: new Uint8Array([1]),
tag: new Uint8Array(32),
recipients: [
{
unprotectedHeader: { kid: new Uint8Array([0x11, 0x22]) },
encryptedKey: new Uint8Array(8),
},
],
});
const msg = decodeCoseMac(wire);
expect(findRecipientByKid(msg, new Uint8Array([0x11]))).toBeUndefined();
});
});
describe("COSE_Mac — error paths", () => {
it("decode rejects non-array shape", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(() => decodeCoseMac(new Uint8Array([0xa0]))).toThrow(
/UNEXPECTED_TYPE/
);
});
it("decode rejects non-byte-string protected", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const bad = new Uint8Array([0x85, 0x60, 0xa0, 0x40, 0x40, 0x80]);
expect(() => decodeCoseMac(bad)).toThrow(/UNEXPECTED_TYPE/);
});
it("decode rejects non-map unprotected", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const bad = new Uint8Array([0x85, 0x40, 0x60, 0x40, 0x40, 0x80]);
expect(() => decodeCoseMac(bad)).toThrow(/UNEXPECTED_TYPE/);
});
it("decode rejects non-byte-string non-null payload", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
const bad = new Uint8Array([0x85, 0x40, 0xa0, 0x60, 0x40, 0x80]);
expect(() => decodeCoseMac(bad)).toThrow(/UNEXPECTED_TYPE/);
});
it("decode rejects non-byte-string tag", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const bad = new Uint8Array([0x85, 0x40, 0xa0, 0x40, 0x60, 0x80]);
expect(() => decodeCoseMac(bad)).toThrow(/UNEXPECTED_TYPE/);
});
it("decode rejects empty recipients", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const bad = new Uint8Array([0x85, 0x40, 0xa0, 0x40, 0x40, 0x80]);
expect(() => decodeCoseMac(bad)).toThrow(/UNEXPECTED_TYPE/);
});
it("decode rejects malformed recipient entry length", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
// recipients = [["x"]]
const bad = new Uint8Array([
0x85, 0x40, 0xa0, 0x40, 0x40, 0x81, 0x81, 0x60,
]);
expect(() => decodeCoseMac(bad)).toThrow(/UNEXPECTED_TYPE/);
});
it("decode rejects recipient[0] non-bytes", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const bad = new Uint8Array([
0x85, 0x40, 0xa0, 0x40, 0x40, 0x81, 0x83, 0x60, 0xa0, 0x40,
]);
expect(() => decodeCoseMac(bad)).toThrow(/UNEXPECTED_TYPE/);
});
it("decode rejects recipient[1] non-map", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const bad = new Uint8Array([
0x85, 0x40, 0xa0, 0x40, 0x40, 0x81, 0x83, 0x40, 0x60, 0x40,
]);
expect(() => decodeCoseMac(bad)).toThrow(/UNEXPECTED_TYPE/);
});
it("decode rejects recipient[2] non-bytes", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const bad = new Uint8Array([
0x85, 0x40, 0xa0, 0x40, 0x40, 0x81, 0x83, 0x40, 0xa0, 0x60,
]);
expect(() => decodeCoseMac(bad)).toThrow(/UNEXPECTED_TYPE/);
});
});

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import { decode } from "../decoder/decoder.js";
import type { DecodedValue } from "../decoder/decoder.types.js";
import { encode } from "../encoder/encoder.js";
import { CBOR_CODES, cborError } from "../errors/error-codes.js";
import { Tagged } from "../tags/tagged.js";
import { type CoseHeader, headerToMap, mapToHeader } from "./headers.js";
/** RFC 9052 §6.1 — `COSE_Mac_Tagged` is CBOR tag 97. */
export const COSE_MAC_TAG = 97;
/**
* Per-recipient entry inside a `COSE_Mac` message. The recipient bucket
* carries a wrapped CEK (content-encryption key) plus per-recipient header
* fields; the CEK wrap algorithm lives in the recipient's `protected` /
* `unprotected` headers.
*/
export interface CoseRecipient {
protectedRaw: Uint8Array;
protectedHeader: CoseHeader;
unprotectedHeader: CoseHeader;
/** Wrapped key bytes — opaque payload depending on the recipient alg. */
encryptedKey: Uint8Array;
}
export interface CoseMac {
protectedRaw: Uint8Array;
protectedHeader: CoseHeader;
unprotectedHeader: CoseHeader;
payload: Uint8Array | null;
tag: Uint8Array;
recipients: CoseRecipient[];
}
export interface EncodeCoseRecipientInput {
protectedHeader?: CoseHeader;
unprotectedHeader?: CoseHeader;
encryptedKey: Uint8Array;
}
export interface EncodeCoseMacInput {
protectedHeader?: CoseHeader;
unprotectedHeader?: CoseHeader;
payload: Uint8Array | null;
tag: Uint8Array;
recipients: EncodeCoseRecipientInput[];
tagged?: boolean;
}
export function encodeCoseMac(input: EncodeCoseMacInput): Uint8Array {
const bodyMap = headerToMap(input.protectedHeader ?? {});
const bodyProtected =
bodyMap.size === 0
? new Uint8Array(0)
: encode(bodyMap, { deterministic: true });
const bodyUnprotected = headerToMap(input.unprotectedHeader ?? {});
const recipients = input.recipients.map((r) => {
const m = headerToMap(r.protectedHeader ?? {});
const rProtected =
m.size === 0
? new Uint8Array(0)
: encode(m, { deterministic: true });
return [
rProtected,
headerToMap(r.unprotectedHeader ?? {}),
r.encryptedKey,
];
});
const tuple: [
Uint8Array,
Map<number, unknown>,
Uint8Array | null,
Uint8Array,
unknown[],
] = [bodyProtected, bodyUnprotected, input.payload, input.tag, recipients];
const inner = encode(tuple, { deterministic: true });
if (input.tagged === false) return inner;
return encode(
new Tagged(COSE_MAC_TAG, decode(inner, { tagHandling: "raw" })),
{
deterministic: true,
}
);
}
export function decodeCoseMac(bytes: Uint8Array): CoseMac {
const top = decode(bytes, { tagHandling: "raw" });
const inner =
top instanceof Tagged && top.tag === COSE_MAC_TAG ? top.value : top;
if (!Array.isArray(inner) || inner.length !== 5) {
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.UNEXPECTED_TYPE,
"COSE_Mac must be a 5-element array"
);
}
const [protectedRaw, unprotectedRaw, payload, tag, recipientsRaw] =
inner as [
DecodedValue,
DecodedValue,
DecodedValue,
DecodedValue,
DecodedValue,
];
if (!(protectedRaw instanceof Uint8Array)) {
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.UNEXPECTED_TYPE,
"COSE_Mac[0] (protected) must be byte string"
);
}
if (!(unprotectedRaw instanceof Map)) {
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.UNEXPECTED_TYPE,
"COSE_Mac[1] (unprotected) must be map"
);
}
if (payload !== null && !(payload instanceof Uint8Array)) {
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.UNEXPECTED_TYPE,
"COSE_Mac[2] (payload) must be byte string or null"
);
}
if (!(tag instanceof Uint8Array)) {
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.UNEXPECTED_TYPE,
"COSE_Mac[3] (tag) must be byte string"
);
}
if (!Array.isArray(recipientsRaw) || recipientsRaw.length === 0) {
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.UNEXPECTED_TYPE,
"COSE_Mac[4] must be non-empty recipient array"
);
}
const recipients: CoseRecipient[] = [];
for (const r of recipientsRaw) {
if (!Array.isArray(r) || r.length !== 3) {
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.UNEXPECTED_TYPE,
"each COSE_recipient must be 3-element array"
);
}
const [rProtected, rUnprotected, encKey] = r as [
DecodedValue,
DecodedValue,
DecodedValue,
];
if (!(rProtected instanceof Uint8Array)) {
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.UNEXPECTED_TYPE,
"COSE_recipient[0] must be byte string"
);
}
if (!(rUnprotected instanceof Map)) {
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.UNEXPECTED_TYPE,
"COSE_recipient[1] must be map"
);
}
if (!(encKey instanceof Uint8Array)) {
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.UNEXPECTED_TYPE,
"COSE_recipient[2] must be byte string"
);
}
recipients.push({
protectedRaw: rProtected,
protectedHeader:
rProtected.length === 0
? {}
: mapToHeader(
decode(rProtected, { tagHandling: "raw" }) as Map<
unknown,
unknown
>
),
unprotectedHeader: mapToHeader(
rUnprotected as Map<unknown, unknown>
),
encryptedKey: encKey,
});
}
const protectedHeader =
protectedRaw.length === 0
? {}
: mapToHeader(
decode(protectedRaw, { tagHandling: "raw" }) as Map<
unknown,
unknown
>
);
return {
protectedRaw,
protectedHeader,
unprotectedHeader: mapToHeader(unprotectedRaw as Map<unknown, unknown>),
payload,
tag,
recipients,
};
}
/** Look up a recipient by `kid` (as carried in either protected or unprotected header). */
export function findRecipientByKid(
msg: CoseMac,
kid: Uint8Array
): CoseRecipient | undefined {
for (const r of msg.recipients) {
const k = r.protectedHeader.kid ?? r.unprotectedHeader.kid;
if (k && bytesEqual(k, kid)) return r;
}
return undefined;
}
function bytesEqual(a: Uint8Array, b: Uint8Array): boolean {
if (a.length !== b.length) return false;
for (let i = 0; i < a.length; i++) if (a[i] !== b[i]) return false;
return true;
}

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# `mac0`
## Purpose
`COSE_Mac0` (RFC 9052 §6.2) — single-recipient MAC message in CBOR tag 17.
Used for symmetric-key authentication of CWT claim sets, vault attachment
manifests, and any payload where the producer and verifier share a key.
## Features
- `createCoseMac0` computes the HMAC tag in one call (HMAC-SHA-{256,384,512}
via `@suaveplan/crypto-hash`) and returns a fully-formed `COSE_Mac0` byte
sequence.
- `encodeCoseMac0` emits a pre-computed tag (useful when the MAC is generated
outside the call site, e.g. by an HSM).
- `decodeCoseMac0` parses both tagged and tagless wire forms.
- `verifyCoseMac0` re-computes the tag in constant time and rejects on any
mismatch.
- External AAD propagated through the MAC computation — required for any
CWT claim set carrying authenticated context.
## Usage
```ts
import { createCoseMac0, decodeCoseMac0, verifyCoseMac0 } from "@suaveplan/cbor/cose";
const wire = createCoseMac0({
protectedHeader: { alg: "HS256" },
payload: new TextEncoder().encode("hello"),
key,
});
const msg = decodeCoseMac0(wire);
const ok = verifyCoseMac0(msg, key);
```
## API
- `createCoseMac0(input): Uint8Array` — sign-and-encode in one call.
- `encodeCoseMac0(input): Uint8Array` — wire encode for a pre-computed tag.
- `decodeCoseMac0(bytes): CoseMac0` — parse tagged or tagless input.
- `verifyCoseMac0(msg, key, options?): boolean` — constant-time tag compare.
- `COSE_MAC0_TAG = 17`
## Notes
Constant-time comparison is implemented inline rather than reaching for
`@suaveplan/crypto-utils` to keep the dep graph minimal. The XOR-accumulator
returns `false` for any byte difference and for length mismatches — the
shape every Web-Crypto-style timing-safe equality function uses.

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import { describe, expect, it } from "@suaveplan/testing/runner";
import {
type CoseMac0,
createCoseMac0,
decodeCoseMac0,
encodeCoseMac0,
verifyCoseMac0,
} from "./mac0.js";
describe("COSE_Mac0 — create + verify (HMAC-SHA-{256,384,512})", () => {
const key = new Uint8Array(32).fill(0xab);
const payload = new TextEncoder().encode("hello");
for (const alg of ["HS256", "HS384", "HS512"] as const) {
it(`${alg} round-trips`, { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const wire = createCoseMac0({
protectedHeader: { alg },
payload,
key,
});
const msg = decodeCoseMac0(wire);
expect(msg.protectedHeader.alg).toBe(alg);
expect(verifyCoseMac0(msg, key)).toBe(true);
});
}
it("rejects a tampered tag", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const wire = createCoseMac0({
protectedHeader: { alg: "HS256" },
payload,
key,
});
const msg = decodeCoseMac0(wire);
const tampered: CoseMac0 = { ...msg, tag: msg.tag.slice() };
tampered.tag[0] = ((tampered.tag[0] as number) ^ 0xff) & 0xff;
expect(verifyCoseMac0(tampered, key)).toBe(false);
});
it("rejects a wrong key", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const wire = createCoseMac0({
protectedHeader: { alg: "HS256" },
payload,
key,
});
const msg = decodeCoseMac0(wire);
const otherKey = new Uint8Array(32).fill(0xcd);
expect(verifyCoseMac0(msg, otherKey)).toBe(false);
});
it("propagates external AAD into the MAC computation", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
const aad = new TextEncoder().encode("context");
const wire = createCoseMac0({
protectedHeader: { alg: "HS256" },
payload,
key,
externalAad: aad,
});
const msg = decodeCoseMac0(wire);
expect(verifyCoseMac0(msg, key, { externalAad: aad })).toBe(true);
// Without the AAD, verify must fail
expect(verifyCoseMac0(msg, key)).toBe(false);
});
it("supports tagless wire form", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const wire = createCoseMac0({
protectedHeader: { alg: "HS256" },
payload,
key,
tagged: false,
});
const msg = decodeCoseMac0(wire);
expect(verifyCoseMac0(msg, key)).toBe(true);
});
it("supports unprotected header round-trip", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const wire = createCoseMac0({
protectedHeader: { alg: "HS256" },
unprotectedHeader: { kid: new Uint8Array([1, 2, 3]) },
payload,
key,
});
const msg = decodeCoseMac0(wire);
expect(
msg.unprotectedHeader.kid && Array.from(msg.unprotectedHeader.kid)
).toEqual([1, 2, 3]);
});
it("alg via options when not in protected header", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
const wire = createCoseMac0({ alg: "HS256", payload, key });
const msg = decodeCoseMac0(wire);
expect(verifyCoseMac0(msg, key)).toBe(true);
});
});
describe("COSE_Mac0 — error paths", () => {
it("createCoseMac0 throws when alg is unspecified", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
expect(() =>
createCoseMac0({
payload: new Uint8Array(1),
key: new Uint8Array(32),
})
).toThrow(/COSE_HEADER_INVALID/);
});
it("createCoseMac0 throws on unsupported alg", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(() =>
createCoseMac0({
alg: "ES256",
payload: new Uint8Array(1),
key: new Uint8Array(32),
})
).toThrow(/UNEXPECTED_TYPE/);
});
it("verifyCoseMac0 throws on null payload", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const wire = encodeCoseMac0({
protectedHeader: { alg: "HS256" },
payload: null,
tag: new Uint8Array(32),
});
const msg = decodeCoseMac0(wire);
expect(() => verifyCoseMac0(msg, new Uint8Array(32))).toThrow(
/UNEXPECTED_TYPE/
);
});
it("verifyCoseMac0 throws when alg is missing", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const wire = encodeCoseMac0({
protectedHeader: {},
payload: new Uint8Array(1),
tag: new Uint8Array(32),
});
const msg = decodeCoseMac0(wire);
expect(() => verifyCoseMac0(msg, new Uint8Array(32))).toThrow(
/COSE_HEADER_INVALID/
);
});
it("decode rejects non-array shape", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const bad = new Uint8Array([0xa0]); // empty map
expect(() => decodeCoseMac0(bad)).toThrow(/UNEXPECTED_TYPE/);
});
it("decode rejects non-byte-string protected", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const bad = new Uint8Array([0x84, 0x60, 0xa0, 0x40, 0x40]);
expect(() => decodeCoseMac0(bad)).toThrow(/UNEXPECTED_TYPE/);
});
it("decode rejects non-map unprotected", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const bad = new Uint8Array([0x84, 0x40, 0x60, 0x40, 0x40]);
expect(() => decodeCoseMac0(bad)).toThrow(/UNEXPECTED_TYPE/);
});
it("decode rejects non-byte-string payload (not null)", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
const bad = new Uint8Array([0x84, 0x40, 0xa0, 0x60, 0x40]);
expect(() => decodeCoseMac0(bad)).toThrow(/UNEXPECTED_TYPE/);
});
it("decode rejects non-byte-string tag", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const bad = new Uint8Array([0x84, 0x40, 0xa0, 0x40, 0x60]);
expect(() => decodeCoseMac0(bad)).toThrow(/UNEXPECTED_TYPE/);
});
it("decode supports null payload", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const wire = encodeCoseMac0({
protectedHeader: { alg: "HS256" },
payload: null,
tag: new Uint8Array(32),
});
const msg = decodeCoseMac0(wire);
expect(msg.payload).toBeNull();
});
it("constant-time compare rejects length mismatch", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
// Hand-build a Mac0 with a 5-byte tag (legal CBOR; verify must reject).
const wire = encodeCoseMac0({
protectedHeader: { alg: "HS256" },
payload: new Uint8Array(1),
tag: new Uint8Array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]),
});
const msg = decodeCoseMac0(wire);
expect(verifyCoseMac0(msg, new Uint8Array(32))).toBe(false);
});
it("encodeCoseMac0 supports tagless mode", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const wire = encodeCoseMac0({
payload: new Uint8Array(1),
tag: new Uint8Array(32),
tagged: false,
});
const msg = decodeCoseMac0(wire);
expect(msg.tag.length).toBe(32);
});
});

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import type { HashAlgorithm } from "@suaveplan/crypto-hash";
import { hmac } from "@suaveplan/crypto-hash";
import { decode } from "../decoder/decoder.js";
import type { DecodedValue } from "../decoder/decoder.types.js";
import { encode } from "../encoder/encoder.js";
import { CBOR_CODES, cborError } from "../errors/error-codes.js";
import { Tagged } from "../tags/tagged.js";
import type { CoseAlg } from "./cose.types.js";
import { type CoseHeader, headerToMap, mapToHeader } from "./headers.js";
import { buildMacStructure } from "./sig-structure.js";
/** RFC 9052 §6.2 — `COSE_Mac0_Tagged` is CBOR tag 17. */
export const COSE_MAC0_TAG = 17;
export interface CoseMac0 {
protectedRaw: Uint8Array;
protectedHeader: CoseHeader;
unprotectedHeader: CoseHeader;
payload: Uint8Array | null;
tag: Uint8Array;
}
export interface EncodeCoseMac0Input {
protectedHeader?: CoseHeader;
unprotectedHeader?: CoseHeader;
payload: Uint8Array | null;
tag: Uint8Array;
/** When `true`, prefix CBOR tag 17 onto the output. Default: `true`. */
tagged?: boolean;
}
export interface CreateCoseMac0Input {
protectedHeader?: CoseHeader;
unprotectedHeader?: CoseHeader;
payload: Uint8Array;
key: Uint8Array;
externalAad?: Uint8Array;
/** Algorithm override; required when no `alg` lives in the protected header. */
alg?: CoseAlg;
tagged?: boolean;
}
/** Compute the HMAC tag and return a fully-formed `COSE_Mac0` message. */
export function createCoseMac0(input: CreateCoseMac0Input): Uint8Array {
const alg = input.alg ?? input.protectedHeader?.alg;
if (!alg) {
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.COSE_HEADER_INVALID,
"createCoseMac0 needs alg in protected header or options"
);
}
const protectedHeader: CoseHeader = { ...input.protectedHeader, alg };
// `alg` is always present here so the map is never empty.
const protectedRaw = encode(headerToMap(protectedHeader), {
deterministic: true,
});
const externalAad = input.externalAad ?? new Uint8Array(0);
const tbm = buildMacStructure(
"MAC0",
protectedRaw,
externalAad,
input.payload
);
const macAlgo = hmacAlgoFor(alg);
const tag = hmac(macAlgo, input.key, tbm);
return encodeCoseMac0({
protectedHeader,
...(input.unprotectedHeader !== undefined
? { unprotectedHeader: input.unprotectedHeader }
: {}),
payload: input.payload,
tag,
...(input.tagged !== undefined ? { tagged: input.tagged } : {}),
});
}
export function encodeCoseMac0(input: EncodeCoseMac0Input): Uint8Array {
const protectedMap = headerToMap(input.protectedHeader ?? {});
const protectedRaw =
protectedMap.size === 0
? new Uint8Array(0)
: encode(protectedMap, { deterministic: true });
const unprotectedMap = headerToMap(input.unprotectedHeader ?? {});
const tuple: [
Uint8Array,
Map<number, unknown>,
Uint8Array | null,
Uint8Array,
] = [protectedRaw, unprotectedMap, input.payload, input.tag];
const inner = encode(tuple, { deterministic: true });
if (input.tagged === false) return inner;
return encode(
new Tagged(COSE_MAC0_TAG, decode(inner, { tagHandling: "raw" })),
{ deterministic: true }
);
}
export function decodeCoseMac0(bytes: Uint8Array): CoseMac0 {
const top = decode(bytes, { tagHandling: "raw" });
const inner =
top instanceof Tagged && top.tag === COSE_MAC0_TAG ? top.value : top;
if (!Array.isArray(inner) || inner.length !== 4) {
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.UNEXPECTED_TYPE,
"COSE_Mac0 must be a 4-element array"
);
}
const [protectedRaw, unprotectedRaw, payload, tag] = inner as [
DecodedValue,
DecodedValue,
DecodedValue,
DecodedValue,
];
if (!(protectedRaw instanceof Uint8Array)) {
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.UNEXPECTED_TYPE,
"COSE_Mac0[0] (protected) must be byte string"
);
}
if (!(unprotectedRaw instanceof Map)) {
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.UNEXPECTED_TYPE,
"COSE_Mac0[1] (unprotected) must be map"
);
}
if (payload !== null && !(payload instanceof Uint8Array)) {
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.UNEXPECTED_TYPE,
"COSE_Mac0[2] (payload) must be byte string or null"
);
}
if (!(tag instanceof Uint8Array)) {
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.UNEXPECTED_TYPE,
"COSE_Mac0[3] (tag) must be byte string"
);
}
const protectedHeader =
protectedRaw.length === 0
? {}
: mapToHeader(
decode(protectedRaw, { tagHandling: "raw" }) as Map<
unknown,
unknown
>
);
return {
protectedRaw,
protectedHeader,
unprotectedHeader: mapToHeader(unprotectedRaw as Map<unknown, unknown>),
payload,
tag,
};
}
export interface VerifyCoseMac0Options {
externalAad?: Uint8Array;
alg?: CoseAlg;
}
/** Verify the HMAC tag on a `COSE_Mac0` message in constant time. */
export function verifyCoseMac0(
msg: CoseMac0,
key: Uint8Array,
options: VerifyCoseMac0Options = {}
): boolean {
const alg = options.alg ?? msg.protectedHeader.alg;
if (!alg) {
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.COSE_HEADER_INVALID,
"COSE_Mac0 has no `alg` to verify against"
);
}
if (msg.payload === null) {
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.UNEXPECTED_TYPE,
"COSE_Mac0 detached payload is not yet supported"
);
}
const externalAad = options.externalAad ?? new Uint8Array(0);
const tbm = buildMacStructure(
"MAC0",
msg.protectedRaw,
externalAad,
msg.payload
);
const expected = hmac(hmacAlgoFor(alg), key, tbm);
return constantTimeEq(expected, msg.tag);
}
function hmacAlgoFor(alg: CoseAlg): HashAlgorithm {
switch (alg) {
case "HS256":
return "SHA-256";
case "HS384":
return "SHA-384";
case "HS512":
return "SHA-512";
default:
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.UNEXPECTED_TYPE,
`MAC0 alg ${alg} not supported`
);
}
}
function constantTimeEq(a: Uint8Array, b: Uint8Array): boolean {
if (a.length !== b.length) return false;
let diff = 0;
for (let i = 0; i < a.length; i++)
diff |= (a[i] as number) ^ (b[i] as number);
return diff === 0;
}

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@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
# `sig-structure`
## Purpose
Builders for the canonical input to COSE signature, MAC, and AEAD
computations per RFC 9052 §4.4 / §6.3 / §5.3. Every signed/verified COSE
message commits to a deterministically-encoded array whose first element is
a context discriminator — `Signature1`, `Signature`, `CounterSignature`,
`MAC`, `MAC0`, `Encrypt`, `Encrypt0`, `Enc_Recipient`. The discriminator
prevents confusion attacks where a signature crafted in one context could
be replayed in another.
## Features
- `buildSign1Structure(protectedRaw, externalAad, payload)` — RFC 9052 §4.4
Sig_structure1.
- `buildSignStructure(context, bodyProtected, signProtected, externalAad, payload)`
— RFC 9052 §4.4 Sig_structure (Signature + CounterSignature).
- `buildMacStructure(context, protectedRaw, externalAad, payload)` —
RFC 9052 §6.3 MAC_structure (MAC + MAC0).
- `buildEncStructure(context, protectedRaw, externalAad)` — RFC 9052 §5.3
Enc_structure (Encrypt + Encrypt0 + Enc_Recipient).
- All output is deterministically CBOR-encoded so two callers with the same
inputs produce byte-identical bytes.
## Usage
```ts
import { buildSign1Structure } from "@suaveplan/cbor/cose";
import * as ed25519 from "@suaveplan/crypto-curve/ed25519";
const tbs = buildSign1Structure(protectedRaw, new Uint8Array(0), payload);
const sig = ed25519.sign(tbs, privateKey);
```
## API
- `buildSign1Structure(protectedRaw: Uint8Array, externalAad: Uint8Array, payload: Uint8Array): Uint8Array`
- `buildSignStructure(context: "Signature" | "CounterSignature", bodyProtected, signProtected, externalAad, payload): Uint8Array`
- `buildMacStructure(context: "MAC" | "MAC0", protectedRaw, externalAad, payload): Uint8Array`
- `buildEncStructure(context: "Encrypt" | "Encrypt0" | "Enc_Recipient", protectedRaw, externalAad): Uint8Array`
## Notes
The protected-bucket arguments are the SERIALISED byte string per §3 — not
the inner map. An empty protected bucket is a zero-length byte string; the
encoder helpers in `mac0.ts` and `sign1.ts` produce this form when the
caller's `protectedHeader` is empty.

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import { describe, expect, it } from "@suaveplan/testing/runner";
import { decode } from "../decoder/decoder.js";
import {
buildEncStructure,
buildMacStructure,
buildSign1Structure,
buildSignStructure,
} from "./sig-structure.js";
describe("buildSign1Structure — RFC 9052 §4.4", () => {
it("emits canonical 4-element array", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const out = buildSign1Structure(
new Uint8Array([0xa1]),
new Uint8Array(0),
new Uint8Array([0x68, 0x69])
);
const arr = decode(out) as unknown[];
expect(arr).toHaveLength(4);
expect(arr[0]).toBe("Signature1");
expect(Array.from(arr[1] as Uint8Array)).toEqual([0xa1]);
expect(Array.from(arr[2] as Uint8Array)).toEqual([]);
expect(Array.from(arr[3] as Uint8Array)).toEqual([0x68, 0x69]);
});
});
describe("buildSignStructure — multi-signer + counter-signature", () => {
it("Signature context emits 5-element array", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const out = buildSignStructure(
"Signature",
new Uint8Array([0xa1]),
new Uint8Array([0xa2]),
new Uint8Array(0),
new Uint8Array([1, 2])
);
const arr = decode(out) as unknown[];
expect(arr[0]).toBe("Signature");
expect(arr).toHaveLength(5);
});
it("CounterSignature context emits 5-element array", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
const out = buildSignStructure(
"CounterSignature",
new Uint8Array(0),
new Uint8Array(0),
new Uint8Array(0),
new Uint8Array(0)
);
const arr = decode(out) as unknown[];
expect(arr[0]).toBe("CounterSignature");
});
});
describe("buildMacStructure — MAC0 + MAC contexts", () => {
it("MAC0 context emits 4-element array", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const out = buildMacStructure(
"MAC0",
new Uint8Array(0),
new Uint8Array(0),
new Uint8Array([1])
);
const arr = decode(out) as unknown[];
expect(arr[0]).toBe("MAC0");
expect(arr).toHaveLength(4);
});
it("MAC context emits 4-element array", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const out = buildMacStructure(
"MAC",
new Uint8Array(0),
new Uint8Array(0),
new Uint8Array(0)
);
const arr = decode(out) as unknown[];
expect(arr[0]).toBe("MAC");
});
});
describe("buildEncStructure — Encrypt0 + Encrypt + Enc_Recipient", () => {
it("Encrypt0 context emits 3-element array", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const out = buildEncStructure(
"Encrypt0",
new Uint8Array(0),
new Uint8Array(0)
);
const arr = decode(out) as unknown[];
expect(arr[0]).toBe("Encrypt0");
expect(arr).toHaveLength(3);
});
it("Encrypt context", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const out = buildEncStructure(
"Encrypt",
new Uint8Array(0),
new Uint8Array(0)
);
const arr = decode(out) as unknown[];
expect(arr[0]).toBe("Encrypt");
});
it("Enc_Recipient context", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const out = buildEncStructure(
"Enc_Recipient",
new Uint8Array(0),
new Uint8Array(0)
);
const arr = decode(out) as unknown[];
expect(arr[0]).toBe("Enc_Recipient");
});
});

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import { encode } from "../encoder/encoder.js";
/**
* RFC 9052 §4.4 / §6.3 / §5.3 — `Sig_structure` / `MAC_structure` /
* `Enc_structure` builders. Every COSE signature, MAC, or AEAD computation
* is over a deterministically-encoded array of fields whose first element
* is the context discriminator string.
*/
export type SigContext = "Signature" | "Signature1" | "CounterSignature";
export type MacContext = "MAC" | "MAC0";
export type EncContext = "Encrypt" | "Encrypt0" | "Enc_Recipient";
/**
* Build the `Sig_structure1` byte sequence for `COSE_Sign1` (RFC 9052 §4.4):
*
* Sig_structure1 = [
* context : "Signature1",
* body_protected : empty_or_serialized_map,
* external_aad : bstr,
* payload : bstr,
* ]
*
* The `body_protected` argument is the SERIALIZED protected-header byte
* string (NOT the inner map) per RFC 9052 §3 — empty when no protected
* headers are present.
*/
export function buildSign1Structure(
bodyProtected: Uint8Array,
externalAad: Uint8Array,
payload: Uint8Array
): Uint8Array {
return encode(["Signature1", bodyProtected, externalAad, payload], {
deterministic: true,
});
}
/**
* Build `Sig_structure` for multi-signer `COSE_Sign` (RFC 9052 §4.4):
*
* Sig_structure = [
* context : "Signature" / "CounterSignature",
* body_protected : empty_or_serialized_map,
* sign_protected : empty_or_serialized_map,
* external_aad : bstr,
* payload : bstr,
* ]
*/
export function buildSignStructure(
context: "Signature" | "CounterSignature",
bodyProtected: Uint8Array,
signProtected: Uint8Array,
externalAad: Uint8Array,
payload: Uint8Array
): Uint8Array {
return encode(
[context, bodyProtected, signProtected, externalAad, payload],
{
deterministic: true,
}
);
}
/**
* Build `MAC_structure` for `COSE_Mac0` / `COSE_Mac` (RFC 9052 §6.3):
*
* MAC_structure = [
* context : "MAC" / "MAC0",
* protected : empty_or_serialized_map,
* external_aad : bstr,
* payload : bstr,
* ]
*/
export function buildMacStructure(
context: MacContext,
bodyProtected: Uint8Array,
externalAad: Uint8Array,
payload: Uint8Array
): Uint8Array {
return encode([context, bodyProtected, externalAad, payload], {
deterministic: true,
});
}
/**
* Build `Enc_structure` for `COSE_Encrypt` / `COSE_Encrypt0` (RFC 9052 §5.3):
*
* Enc_structure = [
* context : "Encrypt" / "Encrypt0" / "Enc_Recipient",
* protected : empty_or_serialized_map,
* external_aad : bstr,
* ]
*/
export function buildEncStructure(
context: EncContext,
bodyProtected: Uint8Array,
externalAad: Uint8Array
): Uint8Array {
return encode([context, bodyProtected, externalAad], {
deterministic: true,
});
}

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# `sign`
## Purpose
`COSE_Sign` (RFC 9052 §4.1) — multi-signer COSE message in CBOR tag 98.
Use when a payload needs to be co-signed by multiple parties (e.g. multi-
party attestation, escrowed signing). Each signer carries its own protected
header (typically with its own `alg`) and produces an independent signature
over the canonical `Sig_structure` for context `"Signature"`.
## Features
- `encodeCoseSign` builds the 4-tuple `[bodyProtected, bodyUnprotected,
payload, signatures]` with deterministic encoding and per-signer
`[sigProtected, sigUnprotected, signature]` triples.
- `decodeCoseSign` recovers the typed `CoseSign` view, including
`protectedRaw` byte strings on every level needed to recompute the
five-element `Sig_structure`.
- `verifyCoseSignAny` walks the signers in order against a 1:1 candidate-
key array. Returns the first index whose signature verifies, or `-1` on
no match. Caller decides whether one valid signer is enough or whether all
signers must verify (loop the array).
- Currently dispatches to ES256 + EdDSA via `@suaveplan/crypto-curve`;
unsupported algs return `false` (signer is skipped) rather than throwing
so the helper can scan a heterogeneous array without aborting.
## Usage
```ts
import { encodeCoseSign, decodeCoseSign, verifyCoseSignAny } from "@suaveplan/cbor/cose";
const wire = encodeCoseSign({
payload,
signatures: [
{ protectedHeader: { alg: "ES256" }, signature: sig1 },
{ protectedHeader: { alg: "EdDSA" }, signature: sig2 },
],
});
const msg = decodeCoseSign(wire);
const matchIndex = verifyCoseSignAny(msg, [keyA, keyB]);
```
## API
- `encodeCoseSign(input)` / `decodeCoseSign(bytes)`.
- `verifyCoseSignAny(msg, keys, options?): number` — returns matching index
or `-1`. Length mismatch between `keys` and `msg.signatures` throws
`UNEXPECTED_TYPE`.
- `COSE_SIGN_TAG = 98`.
## Notes
Sig_structure for multi-signer is 5-element:
`[context, body_protected, sign_protected, external_aad, payload]` — the
extra `sign_protected` discriminates the signer's own protected header from
the message-wide one. Both must be the SERIALISED byte strings, not the
inner maps.

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import * as ed25519 from "@suaveplan/crypto-curve/ed25519";
import * as p256 from "@suaveplan/crypto-curve/p256";
import { sha256 } from "@suaveplan/crypto-hash";
import { describe, expect, it } from "@suaveplan/testing/runner";
import type { Ec2Key, OkpKey } from "./cose.types.js";
import { buildSignStructure } from "./sig-structure.js";
import {
type CoseSign,
decodeCoseSign,
encodeCoseSign,
verifyCoseSignAny,
} from "./sign.js";
describe("COSE_Sign — multi-signer round-trip", () => {
it("encodes + decodes with two signers", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const wire = encodeCoseSign({
protectedHeader: {},
payload: new Uint8Array([1, 2, 3]),
signatures: [
{
protectedHeader: { alg: "ES256" },
signature: new Uint8Array(64),
},
{
protectedHeader: { alg: "EdDSA" },
unprotectedHeader: { kid: new Uint8Array([0xab]) },
signature: new Uint8Array(64),
},
],
});
const msg = decodeCoseSign(wire);
expect(msg.signatures).toHaveLength(2);
expect(msg.signatures[0]?.protectedHeader.alg).toBe("ES256");
expect(msg.signatures[1]?.protectedHeader.alg).toBe("EdDSA");
expect(
msg.signatures[1]?.unprotectedHeader.kid &&
Array.from(msg.signatures[1].unprotectedHeader.kid)
).toEqual([0xab]);
});
it("supports tagless wire form", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const wire = encodeCoseSign({
payload: new Uint8Array([1]),
signatures: [
{
protectedHeader: { alg: "EdDSA" },
signature: new Uint8Array(64),
},
],
tagged: false,
});
const msg = decodeCoseSign(wire);
expect(msg.signatures).toHaveLength(1);
});
it("supports null payload", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const wire = encodeCoseSign({
payload: null,
signatures: [
{
protectedHeader: { alg: "EdDSA" },
signature: new Uint8Array(64),
},
],
});
const msg = decodeCoseSign(wire);
expect(msg.payload).toBeNull();
});
});
describe("COSE_Sign — verifyCoseSignAny with real crypto", () => {
it("returns the matching signer index for EdDSA", {
timeout: 10000,
}, () => {
const skA = ed25519.randomPrivateKey();
const skB = ed25519.randomPrivateKey();
const pkA = ed25519.getPublicKey(skA);
const pkB = ed25519.getPublicKey(skB);
const okpA: OkpKey = { kty: "OKP", crv: "Ed25519", x: pkA };
const okpB: OkpKey = { kty: "OKP", crv: "Ed25519", x: pkB };
const payload = new Uint8Array([0x68, 0x69]);
// Build draft to capture both protected-raw byte strings
const draftWire = encodeCoseSign({
payload,
signatures: [
{
protectedHeader: { alg: "EdDSA" },
signature: new Uint8Array(64),
},
{
protectedHeader: { alg: "EdDSA" },
signature: new Uint8Array(64),
},
],
});
const draft = decodeCoseSign(draftWire);
const sig0Tbs = buildSignStructure(
"Signature",
draft.protectedRaw,
draft.signatures[0]?.protectedRaw ?? new Uint8Array(0),
new Uint8Array(0),
payload
);
const sig1Tbs = buildSignStructure(
"Signature",
draft.protectedRaw,
draft.signatures[1]?.protectedRaw ?? new Uint8Array(0),
new Uint8Array(0),
payload
);
const sig0 = ed25519.sign(sig0Tbs, skA);
const sig1 = ed25519.sign(sig1Tbs, skB);
const wire = encodeCoseSign({
payload,
signatures: [
{ protectedHeader: { alg: "EdDSA" }, signature: sig0 },
{ protectedHeader: { alg: "EdDSA" }, signature: sig1 },
],
});
const msg = decodeCoseSign(wire);
// First signer match
expect(verifyCoseSignAny(msg, [okpA, okpB])).toBe(0);
// If we reverse, both indices verify but the function returns the first-match (still 0)
// To force second-match-only we mismatch the first slot:
const wrong: OkpKey = {
kty: "OKP",
crv: "Ed25519",
x: ed25519.getPublicKey(ed25519.randomPrivateKey()),
};
expect(verifyCoseSignAny(msg, [wrong, okpB])).toBe(1);
// No matches
expect(verifyCoseSignAny(msg, [wrong, wrong])).toBe(-1);
});
it("verifies an ES256 signer", { timeout: 10000 }, () => {
const sk = p256.randomPrivateKey();
const pk = p256.getPublicKey(sk);
const ec2: Ec2Key = {
kty: "EC2",
crv: "P-256",
x: pk.subarray(1, 33),
y: new Uint8Array(32),
};
ec2.y[31] = (pk[0] as number) === 0x03 ? 1 : 0;
const payload = new Uint8Array([1, 2]);
const draft = decodeCoseSign(
encodeCoseSign({
payload,
signatures: [
{
protectedHeader: { alg: "ES256" },
signature: new Uint8Array(64),
},
],
})
);
const tbs = buildSignStructure(
"Signature",
draft.protectedRaw,
draft.signatures[0]?.protectedRaw ?? new Uint8Array(0),
new Uint8Array(0),
payload
);
const sig = p256.sign(sha256(tbs), sk);
const msg: CoseSign = {
...draft,
signatures: [{ ...(draft.signatures[0] as never), signature: sig }],
};
expect(verifyCoseSignAny(msg, [ec2])).toBe(0);
});
it("skips signers with no alg in protected header", {
timeout: 10000,
}, () => {
const sk = ed25519.randomPrivateKey();
const pk = ed25519.getPublicKey(sk);
const okp: OkpKey = { kty: "OKP", crv: "Ed25519", x: pk };
const payload = new Uint8Array([1]);
const draft = decodeCoseSign(
encodeCoseSign({
payload,
signatures: [
{ protectedHeader: {}, signature: new Uint8Array(64) },
{
protectedHeader: { alg: "EdDSA" },
signature: new Uint8Array(64),
},
],
})
);
const tbs = buildSignStructure(
"Signature",
draft.protectedRaw,
draft.signatures[1]?.protectedRaw ?? new Uint8Array(0),
new Uint8Array(0),
payload
);
const sig = ed25519.sign(tbs, sk);
const msg: CoseSign = {
...draft,
signatures: [
draft.signatures[0] as never,
{ ...(draft.signatures[1] as never), signature: sig },
],
};
// Slot 0 has no alg → skipped; slot 1 verifies
expect(verifyCoseSignAny(msg, [okp, okp])).toBe(1);
});
it("returns -1 for an unsupported alg even with valid signature material", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
const draft = decodeCoseSign(
encodeCoseSign({
payload: new Uint8Array([1]),
signatures: [
{
protectedHeader: { alg: "RS256" },
signature: new Uint8Array(256),
},
],
})
);
expect(verifyCoseSignAny(draft, [new Uint8Array(32)])).toBe(-1);
});
});
describe("COSE_Sign — additional coverage paths", () => {
it("encodes with non-empty body protected header", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
const wire = encodeCoseSign({
protectedHeader: { contentType: "application/cbor" },
payload: new Uint8Array([1]),
signatures: [
{ protectedHeader: {}, signature: new Uint8Array(64) },
],
});
const msg = decodeCoseSign(wire);
expect(msg.protectedHeader.contentType).toBe("application/cbor");
expect(msg.signatures[0]?.protectedHeader).toEqual({});
});
it("ES256 verify accepts raw byte-string public key", {
timeout: 10000,
}, () => {
const sk = p256.randomPrivateKey();
const pk = p256.getPublicKey(sk);
const payload = new Uint8Array([1, 2]);
const draft = decodeCoseSign(
encodeCoseSign({
payload,
signatures: [
{
protectedHeader: { alg: "ES256" },
signature: new Uint8Array(64),
},
],
})
);
const tbs = buildSignStructure(
"Signature",
draft.protectedRaw,
draft.signatures[0]?.protectedRaw ?? new Uint8Array(0),
new Uint8Array(0),
payload
);
const sig = p256.sign(sha256(tbs), sk);
const msg: CoseSign = {
...draft,
signatures: [{ ...(draft.signatures[0] as never), signature: sig }],
};
expect(verifyCoseSignAny(msg, [pk])).toBe(0);
});
it("ES256 verify exercises both y-parity branches", {
timeout: 15000,
}, () => {
let sawEven = false;
let sawOdd = false;
for (let i = 0; i < 8 && !(sawEven && sawOdd); i++) {
const sk = p256.randomPrivateKey();
const pk = p256.getPublicKey(sk);
const prefix = pk[0] as number;
const ec2: Ec2Key = {
kty: "EC2",
crv: "P-256",
x: pk.subarray(1, 33),
y: new Uint8Array(32),
};
ec2.y[31] = prefix === 0x03 ? 1 : 0;
const payload = new Uint8Array([1]);
const draft = decodeCoseSign(
encodeCoseSign({
payload,
signatures: [
{
protectedHeader: { alg: "ES256" },
signature: new Uint8Array(64),
},
],
})
);
const tbs = buildSignStructure(
"Signature",
draft.protectedRaw,
draft.signatures[0]?.protectedRaw ?? new Uint8Array(0),
new Uint8Array(0),
payload
);
const sig = p256.sign(sha256(tbs), sk);
const msg: CoseSign = {
...draft,
signatures: [
{ ...(draft.signatures[0] as never), signature: sig },
],
};
expect(verifyCoseSignAny(msg, [ec2])).toBe(0);
if (prefix === 0x02) sawEven = true;
if (prefix === 0x03) sawOdd = true;
}
expect(sawEven && sawOdd).toBe(true);
});
it("ES256 verify with OKP key returns -1 (kty mismatch)", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
const draft = decodeCoseSign(
encodeCoseSign({
payload: new Uint8Array([1]),
signatures: [
{
protectedHeader: { alg: "ES256" },
signature: new Uint8Array(64),
},
],
})
);
const okp: OkpKey = {
kty: "OKP",
crv: "Ed25519",
x: new Uint8Array(32),
};
expect(verifyCoseSignAny(draft, [okp])).toBe(-1);
});
it("ES256 verify with malformed EC2 x dimension returns -1", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
const draft = decodeCoseSign(
encodeCoseSign({
payload: new Uint8Array([1]),
signatures: [
{
protectedHeader: { alg: "ES256" },
signature: new Uint8Array(64),
},
],
})
);
const badEc2: Ec2Key = {
kty: "EC2",
crv: "P-256",
x: new Uint8Array(16),
y: new Uint8Array(32),
};
expect(verifyCoseSignAny(draft, [badEc2])).toBe(-1);
});
it("ES256 verify with malformed EC2 y dimension returns -1", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
const draft = decodeCoseSign(
encodeCoseSign({
payload: new Uint8Array([1]),
signatures: [
{
protectedHeader: { alg: "ES256" },
signature: new Uint8Array(64),
},
],
})
);
const badEc2: Ec2Key = {
kty: "EC2",
crv: "P-256",
x: new Uint8Array(32),
y: new Uint8Array(16), // wrong y length
};
expect(verifyCoseSignAny(draft, [badEc2])).toBe(-1);
});
it("encodes signer with no protected header (undefined → default)", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
const wire = encodeCoseSign({
payload: new Uint8Array([1]),
// signer has no protectedHeader at all → triggers the `?? {}` default branch
signatures: [{ signature: new Uint8Array(64) }],
});
const msg = decodeCoseSign(wire);
expect(msg.signatures[0]?.protectedHeader).toEqual({});
});
it("EdDSA verify with EC2 key returns -1", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const draft = decodeCoseSign(
encodeCoseSign({
payload: new Uint8Array([1]),
signatures: [
{
protectedHeader: { alg: "EdDSA" },
signature: new Uint8Array(64),
},
],
})
);
const ec2: Ec2Key = {
kty: "EC2",
crv: "P-256",
x: new Uint8Array(32),
y: new Uint8Array(32),
};
expect(verifyCoseSignAny(draft, [ec2])).toBe(-1);
});
it("EdDSA verify accepts raw byte-string public key", {
timeout: 10000,
}, () => {
const sk = ed25519.randomPrivateKey();
const pk = ed25519.getPublicKey(sk);
const payload = new Uint8Array([1]);
const draft = decodeCoseSign(
encodeCoseSign({
payload,
signatures: [
{
protectedHeader: { alg: "EdDSA" },
signature: new Uint8Array(64),
},
],
})
);
const tbs = buildSignStructure(
"Signature",
draft.protectedRaw,
draft.signatures[0]?.protectedRaw ?? new Uint8Array(0),
new Uint8Array(0),
payload
);
const sig = ed25519.sign(tbs, sk);
const msg: CoseSign = {
...draft,
signatures: [{ ...(draft.signatures[0] as never), signature: sig }],
};
expect(verifyCoseSignAny(msg, [pk])).toBe(0);
});
});
describe("COSE_Sign — error paths", () => {
it("verify throws when keys length mismatches signers", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
const draft = decodeCoseSign(
encodeCoseSign({
payload: new Uint8Array([1]),
signatures: [
{
protectedHeader: { alg: "EdDSA" },
signature: new Uint8Array(64),
},
{
protectedHeader: { alg: "EdDSA" },
signature: new Uint8Array(64),
},
],
})
);
expect(() => verifyCoseSignAny(draft, [new Uint8Array(32)])).toThrow(
/UNEXPECTED_TYPE/
);
});
it("verify throws on detached payload", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const draft = decodeCoseSign(
encodeCoseSign({
payload: null,
signatures: [
{
protectedHeader: { alg: "EdDSA" },
signature: new Uint8Array(64),
},
],
})
);
expect(() => verifyCoseSignAny(draft, [new Uint8Array(32)])).toThrow(
/UNEXPECTED_TYPE/
);
});
it("decode rejects non-array shape", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(() => decodeCoseSign(new Uint8Array([0xa0]))).toThrow(
/UNEXPECTED_TYPE/
);
});
it("decode rejects non-byte-string protected", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const bad = new Uint8Array([0x84, 0x60, 0xa0, 0x40, 0x80]);
expect(() => decodeCoseSign(bad)).toThrow(/UNEXPECTED_TYPE/);
});
it("decode rejects non-map unprotected", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const bad = new Uint8Array([0x84, 0x40, 0x60, 0x40, 0x80]);
expect(() => decodeCoseSign(bad)).toThrow(/UNEXPECTED_TYPE/);
});
it("decode rejects non-byte-string payload (not null)", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
const bad = new Uint8Array([0x84, 0x40, 0xa0, 0x60, 0x80]);
expect(() => decodeCoseSign(bad)).toThrow(/UNEXPECTED_TYPE/);
});
it("decode rejects empty signatures array", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const bad = new Uint8Array([0x84, 0x40, 0xa0, 0x40, 0x80]); // [bytes, map, bytes, []]
expect(() => decodeCoseSign(bad)).toThrow(/UNEXPECTED_TYPE/);
});
it("decode rejects malformed signature entry shape", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
// payload = bytes 0; signatures = [["x"]] (1-element instead of 3)
const bad = new Uint8Array([0x84, 0x40, 0xa0, 0x40, 0x81, 0x81, 0x60]);
expect(() => decodeCoseSign(bad)).toThrow(/UNEXPECTED_TYPE/);
});
it("decode rejects malformed signature[0] (non-bytes)", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
// signatures = [[<text>, {}, <bytes>]]
const bad = new Uint8Array([
0x84, 0x40, 0xa0, 0x40, 0x81, 0x83, 0x60, 0xa0, 0x40,
]);
expect(() => decodeCoseSign(bad)).toThrow(/UNEXPECTED_TYPE/);
});
it("decode rejects malformed signature[1] (non-map)", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
const bad = new Uint8Array([
0x84, 0x40, 0xa0, 0x40, 0x81, 0x83, 0x40, 0x60, 0x40,
]);
expect(() => decodeCoseSign(bad)).toThrow(/UNEXPECTED_TYPE/);
});
it("decode rejects malformed signature[2] (non-bytes)", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
const bad = new Uint8Array([
0x84, 0x40, 0xa0, 0x40, 0x81, 0x83, 0x40, 0xa0, 0x60,
]);
expect(() => decodeCoseSign(bad)).toThrow(/UNEXPECTED_TYPE/);
});
});

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@@ -0,0 +1,268 @@
import * as ed25519 from "@suaveplan/crypto-curve/ed25519";
import * as p256 from "@suaveplan/crypto-curve/p256";
import { sha256 } from "@suaveplan/crypto-hash";
import { decode } from "../decoder/decoder.js";
import type { DecodedValue } from "../decoder/decoder.types.js";
import { encode } from "../encoder/encoder.js";
import { CBOR_CODES, cborError } from "../errors/error-codes.js";
import { Tagged } from "../tags/tagged.js";
import type { CoseAlg, Ec2Key, OkpKey } from "./cose.types.js";
import { type CoseHeader, headerToMap, mapToHeader } from "./headers.js";
import { buildSignStructure } from "./sig-structure.js";
/** RFC 9052 §4.1 — `COSE_Sign_Tagged` is CBOR tag 98. */
export const COSE_SIGN_TAG = 98;
export interface CoseSignature {
protectedRaw: Uint8Array;
protectedHeader: CoseHeader;
unprotectedHeader: CoseHeader;
signature: Uint8Array;
}
export interface CoseSign {
protectedRaw: Uint8Array;
protectedHeader: CoseHeader;
unprotectedHeader: CoseHeader;
payload: Uint8Array | null;
signatures: CoseSignature[];
}
export interface EncodeCoseSignSignatureInput {
protectedHeader?: CoseHeader;
unprotectedHeader?: CoseHeader;
signature: Uint8Array;
}
export interface EncodeCoseSignInput {
protectedHeader?: CoseHeader;
unprotectedHeader?: CoseHeader;
payload: Uint8Array | null;
signatures: EncodeCoseSignSignatureInput[];
tagged?: boolean;
}
/** Encode a multi-signer `COSE_Sign` message. */
export function encodeCoseSign(input: EncodeCoseSignInput): Uint8Array {
const bodyMap = headerToMap(input.protectedHeader ?? {});
const bodyProtected =
bodyMap.size === 0
? new Uint8Array(0)
: encode(bodyMap, { deterministic: true });
const bodyUnprotected = headerToMap(input.unprotectedHeader ?? {});
const sigs = input.signatures.map((s) => {
const sigMap = headerToMap(s.protectedHeader ?? {});
const sigProtected =
sigMap.size === 0
? new Uint8Array(0)
: encode(sigMap, { deterministic: true });
return [
sigProtected,
headerToMap(s.unprotectedHeader ?? {}),
s.signature,
];
});
const tuple: [
Uint8Array,
Map<number, unknown>,
Uint8Array | null,
unknown[],
] = [bodyProtected, bodyUnprotected, input.payload, sigs];
const inner = encode(tuple, { deterministic: true });
if (input.tagged === false) return inner;
return encode(
new Tagged(COSE_SIGN_TAG, decode(inner, { tagHandling: "raw" })),
{
deterministic: true,
}
);
}
export function decodeCoseSign(bytes: Uint8Array): CoseSign {
const top = decode(bytes, { tagHandling: "raw" });
const inner =
top instanceof Tagged && top.tag === COSE_SIGN_TAG ? top.value : top;
if (!Array.isArray(inner) || inner.length !== 4) {
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.UNEXPECTED_TYPE,
"COSE_Sign must be a 4-element array"
);
}
const [protectedRaw, unprotectedRaw, payload, sigs] = inner as [
DecodedValue,
DecodedValue,
DecodedValue,
DecodedValue,
];
if (!(protectedRaw instanceof Uint8Array)) {
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.UNEXPECTED_TYPE,
"COSE_Sign[0] (protected) must be byte string"
);
}
if (!(unprotectedRaw instanceof Map)) {
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.UNEXPECTED_TYPE,
"COSE_Sign[1] (unprotected) must be map"
);
}
if (payload !== null && !(payload instanceof Uint8Array)) {
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.UNEXPECTED_TYPE,
"COSE_Sign[2] (payload) must be byte string or null"
);
}
if (!Array.isArray(sigs) || sigs.length === 0) {
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.UNEXPECTED_TYPE,
"COSE_Sign[3] must be non-empty signature array"
);
}
const signatures: CoseSignature[] = [];
for (const s of sigs) {
if (!Array.isArray(s) || s.length !== 3) {
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.UNEXPECTED_TYPE,
"each COSE_Signature must be 3-element array"
);
}
const [sigProtected, sigUnprotected, sigBytes] = s as [
DecodedValue,
DecodedValue,
DecodedValue,
];
if (!(sigProtected instanceof Uint8Array)) {
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.UNEXPECTED_TYPE,
"COSE_Signature[0] must be byte string"
);
}
if (!(sigUnprotected instanceof Map)) {
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.UNEXPECTED_TYPE,
"COSE_Signature[1] must be map"
);
}
if (!(sigBytes instanceof Uint8Array)) {
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.UNEXPECTED_TYPE,
"COSE_Signature[2] must be byte string"
);
}
signatures.push({
protectedRaw: sigProtected,
protectedHeader:
sigProtected.length === 0
? {}
: mapToHeader(
decode(sigProtected, { tagHandling: "raw" }) as Map<
unknown,
unknown
>
),
unprotectedHeader: mapToHeader(
sigUnprotected as Map<unknown, unknown>
),
signature: sigBytes,
});
}
const protectedHeader =
protectedRaw.length === 0
? {}
: mapToHeader(
decode(protectedRaw, { tagHandling: "raw" }) as Map<
unknown,
unknown
>
);
return {
protectedRaw,
protectedHeader,
unprotectedHeader: mapToHeader(unprotectedRaw as Map<unknown, unknown>),
payload,
signatures,
};
}
export interface VerifyCoseSignOptions {
externalAad?: Uint8Array;
}
/**
* Verify each signature in a `COSE_Sign` message against its corresponding
* key. Returns the `signatures[]` index of the first signer that verified, or
* `-1` if no signer's signature checks out. The candidate-key array MUST be
* the same length as `msg.signatures` (1:1 with the message's signers).
*/
export function verifyCoseSignAny(
msg: CoseSign,
keys: ReadonlyArray<Ec2Key | OkpKey | Uint8Array>,
options: VerifyCoseSignOptions = {}
): number {
if (keys.length !== msg.signatures.length) {
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.UNEXPECTED_TYPE,
`verifyCoseSignAny: ${keys.length} keys for ${msg.signatures.length} signatures`
);
}
if (msg.payload === null) {
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.UNEXPECTED_TYPE,
"COSE_Sign detached payload is not yet supported"
);
}
const externalAad = options.externalAad ?? new Uint8Array(0);
for (let i = 0; i < msg.signatures.length; i++) {
const sig = msg.signatures[i] as CoseSignature;
const key = keys[i] as Ec2Key | OkpKey | Uint8Array;
const alg = sig.protectedHeader.alg;
if (!alg) continue;
const tbs = buildSignStructure(
"Signature",
msg.protectedRaw,
sig.protectedRaw,
externalAad,
msg.payload
);
if (verifySingle(alg, sig.signature, tbs, key)) return i;
}
return -1;
}
function verifySingle(
alg: CoseAlg,
signature: Uint8Array,
tbs: Uint8Array,
publicKey: Ec2Key | OkpKey | Uint8Array
): boolean {
switch (alg) {
case "ES256": {
const pk = ec2ToCompressedPoint(publicKey);
return p256.verify(signature, sha256(tbs), pk);
}
case "EdDSA": {
const pk = okpToBytes(publicKey);
return ed25519.verify(signature, tbs, pk);
}
default:
return false;
}
}
function ec2ToCompressedPoint(key: Ec2Key | OkpKey | Uint8Array): Uint8Array {
if (key instanceof Uint8Array) return key;
if (key.kty !== "EC2") return new Uint8Array(0); // mismatched kty → verify fails
if (key.x.length !== 32 || key.y.length !== 32) return new Uint8Array(0);
const yLast = key.y[31] as number;
const prefix = (yLast & 1) === 0 ? 0x02 : 0x03;
const compressed = new Uint8Array(33);
compressed[0] = prefix;
compressed.set(key.x, 1);
return compressed;
}
function okpToBytes(key: Ec2Key | OkpKey | Uint8Array): Uint8Array {
if (key instanceof Uint8Array) return key;
if (key.kty !== "OKP") return new Uint8Array(0);
return key.x;
}

View File

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
# `sign1`
## Purpose
`COSE_Sign1` (RFC 9052 §4.2) — single-signer COSE message in CBOR tag 18.
WebAuthn attestation, COSE-signed firmware, and CWT signature flows all
land here. This module ships the encode/decode/verify triple plus a typed
`CoseSign1` view.
## Features
- `encodeCoseSign1` produces both tagged (default) and tagless wire forms.
- `decodeCoseSign1` accepts either form transparently.
- `verifyCoseSign1` wires `@suaveplan/crypto-curve` (ES256, EdDSA) and uses
the canonical `Sig_structure1` from `sig-structure.ts`.
- Public-key argument is polymorphic: typed `Ec2Key` / `OkpKey` (the helper
builds the wire-level point form internally) OR a raw byte-string key for
callers that already have a primitive shape.
- `null` payload (detached signature) decodes correctly; verify rejects with
a clear "not yet supported" error.
## Usage
```ts
import { decodeCoseSign1, encodeCoseSign1, verifyCoseSign1 } from "@suaveplan/cbor/cose";
import { buildSign1Structure } from "@suaveplan/cbor/cose";
import * as ed25519 from "@suaveplan/crypto-curve/ed25519";
// Sign
const draft = decodeCoseSign1(
encodeCoseSign1({ protectedHeader: { alg: "EdDSA" }, payload, signature: new Uint8Array(64) }),
);
const tbs = buildSign1Structure(draft.protectedRaw, new Uint8Array(0), payload);
const sig = ed25519.sign(tbs, privateKey);
const wire = encodeCoseSign1({ protectedHeader: { alg: "EdDSA" }, payload, signature: sig });
// Verify
const msg = decodeCoseSign1(wire);
const ok = verifyCoseSign1(msg, publicKey);
```
## API
- `encodeCoseSign1(input: EncodeCoseSign1Input): Uint8Array`
- `decodeCoseSign1(bytes: Uint8Array): CoseSign1`
- `verifyCoseSign1(msg: CoseSign1, key: Ec2Key | OkpKey | Uint8Array, options?): boolean`
- `COSE_SIGN1_TAG = 18`
`CoseSign1` carries `protectedRaw` (the serialised inner-map bytes) so
callers can recompute Sig_structure1 verbatim — critical when verifying a
message they did not produce.
## Notes
ES256 uses noble-p256's compact `(r||s)` signature form and consumes a
SHA-256 digest of the TBS bytes (matches RFC 9053 §2.1). EdDSA verifies
the raw TBS bytes directly per RFC 8032 §5.1.7. ES384 and ES512 throw
"not implemented" today — `@suaveplan/crypto-curve` does not ship the P-384
or P-521 primitives yet, and the bridge surfaces the gap rather than
silently falling back.

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@@ -0,0 +1,429 @@
import * as ed25519 from "@suaveplan/crypto-curve/ed25519";
import * as p256 from "@suaveplan/crypto-curve/p256";
import * as p384 from "@suaveplan/crypto-curve/p384";
import * as p521 from "@suaveplan/crypto-curve/p521";
import { sha256, sha384, sha512 } from "@suaveplan/crypto-hash";
import { describe, expect, it } from "@suaveplan/testing/runner";
import type { Ec2Key, OkpKey } from "./cose.types.js";
import { buildSign1Structure } from "./sig-structure.js";
import {
type CoseSign1,
decodeCoseSign1,
encodeCoseSign1,
verifyCoseSign1,
} from "./sign1.js";
function p256Pair(): { sk: Uint8Array; ec2: Ec2Key } {
const sk = p256.randomPrivateKey();
const compressed = p256.getPublicKey(sk);
// Convert compressed → x and parity-bit-derived y. For tests we keep the
// y bytes consistent with the parity prefix so sign1's compressed builder
// round-trips. We just synthesize a 32-byte y filled to match the prefix.
const x = compressed.subarray(1, 33);
const y = new Uint8Array(32);
y[31] = (compressed[0] as number) === 0x03 ? 1 : 0;
return { sk, ec2: { kty: "EC2", alg: "ES256", crv: "P-256", x, y } };
}
function ed25519Pair(): { sk: Uint8Array; okp: OkpKey } {
const sk = ed25519.randomPrivateKey();
const x = ed25519.getPublicKey(sk);
return { sk, okp: { kty: "OKP", alg: "EdDSA", crv: "Ed25519", x } };
}
describe("COSE_Sign1 — encode/decode round-trip", () => {
it("encodes + decodes a tagged Sign1 message", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const wire = encodeCoseSign1({
protectedHeader: { alg: "ES256" },
unprotectedHeader: { kid: new Uint8Array([0xab]) },
payload: new Uint8Array([1, 2, 3]),
signature: new Uint8Array(64),
});
const msg = decodeCoseSign1(wire);
expect(msg.protectedHeader.alg).toBe("ES256");
expect(
msg.unprotectedHeader.kid && Array.from(msg.unprotectedHeader.kid)
).toEqual([0xab]);
expect(msg.payload && Array.from(msg.payload)).toEqual([1, 2, 3]);
expect(msg.signature.length).toBe(64);
});
it("encodes + decodes a tagless Sign1 message", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const wire = encodeCoseSign1({
protectedHeader: { alg: "EdDSA" },
payload: new Uint8Array([5, 6, 7]),
signature: new Uint8Array(64),
tagged: false,
});
const msg = decodeCoseSign1(wire);
expect(msg.protectedHeader.alg).toBe("EdDSA");
expect(msg.payload && Array.from(msg.payload)).toEqual([5, 6, 7]);
});
it("supports null payload (detached form decodes; verify rejects)", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
const wire = encodeCoseSign1({
protectedHeader: { alg: "ES256" },
payload: null,
signature: new Uint8Array(64),
});
const msg = decodeCoseSign1(wire);
expect(msg.payload).toBeNull();
});
});
describe("COSE_Sign1 — Ed25519 sign + verify (real crypto)", () => {
it("self-signed message verifies with the OKP key", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
const { sk, okp } = ed25519Pair();
const payload = new Uint8Array([0x68, 0x69]); // "hi"
const protectedRaw = new Uint8Array(0);
const tbs = buildSign1Structure(
protectedRaw,
new Uint8Array(0),
payload
);
const signature = ed25519.sign(tbs, sk);
const wire = encodeCoseSign1({
protectedHeader: { alg: "EdDSA" },
payload,
signature,
tagged: true,
});
// The protected header for {alg: "EdDSA"} is non-empty, so we need to
// re-build the TBS using the wire's protected bytes and re-sign.
const draft = decodeCoseSign1(wire);
const realTbs = buildSign1Structure(
draft.protectedRaw,
new Uint8Array(0),
payload
);
const realSig = ed25519.sign(realTbs, sk);
const realWire = encodeCoseSign1({
protectedHeader: { alg: "EdDSA" },
payload,
signature: realSig,
});
const realMsg = decodeCoseSign1(realWire);
expect(verifyCoseSign1(realMsg, okp)).toBe(true);
});
it("rejects a tampered signature", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const { sk, okp } = ed25519Pair();
const payload = new Uint8Array([1, 2, 3]);
// Sign over the right TBS first to get the protectedRaw
const draftWire = encodeCoseSign1({
protectedHeader: { alg: "EdDSA" },
payload,
signature: new Uint8Array(64),
});
const draft = decodeCoseSign1(draftWire);
const tbs = buildSign1Structure(
draft.protectedRaw,
new Uint8Array(0),
payload
);
const sig = ed25519.sign(tbs, sk);
sig[0] = ((sig[0] as number) ^ 0xff) & 0xff;
const tampered: CoseSign1 = { ...draft, signature: sig };
expect(verifyCoseSign1(tampered, okp)).toBe(false);
});
it("accepts a raw byte-string public key", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const { sk, okp } = ed25519Pair();
const payload = new Uint8Array([9]);
const draftWire = encodeCoseSign1({
protectedHeader: { alg: "EdDSA" },
payload,
signature: new Uint8Array(64),
});
const draft = decodeCoseSign1(draftWire);
const tbs = buildSign1Structure(
draft.protectedRaw,
new Uint8Array(0),
payload
);
const sig = ed25519.sign(tbs, sk);
const msg: CoseSign1 = { ...draft, signature: sig };
expect(verifyCoseSign1(msg, okp.x)).toBe(true);
});
});
describe("COSE_Sign1 — ES256 verify path", () => {
it("ec2ToCompressedPoint exercises both y-parity branches", {
timeout: 10000,
}, () => {
let sawEven = false;
let sawOdd = false;
for (let i = 0; i < 8 && !(sawEven && sawOdd); i++) {
const sk = p256.randomPrivateKey();
const pk = p256.getPublicKey(sk);
const prefix = pk[0] as number;
const ec2: Ec2Key = {
kty: "EC2",
crv: "P-256",
x: pk.subarray(1, 33),
y: new Uint8Array(32),
};
ec2.y[31] = prefix === 0x03 ? 1 : 0;
const payload = new Uint8Array([1, 2]);
const draft = decodeCoseSign1(
encodeCoseSign1({
protectedHeader: { alg: "ES256" },
payload,
signature: new Uint8Array(64),
})
);
const tbs = buildSign1Structure(
draft.protectedRaw,
new Uint8Array(0),
payload
);
const sig = p256.sign(sha256(tbs), sk);
const msg: CoseSign1 = { ...draft, signature: sig };
expect(verifyCoseSign1(msg, ec2)).toBe(true);
if (prefix === 0x02) sawEven = true;
if (prefix === 0x03) sawOdd = true;
}
expect(sawEven && sawOdd).toBe(true);
});
it("verifies a signature produced via the same TBS", {
timeout: 10000,
}, () => {
const { sk, ec2 } = p256Pair();
const payload = new Uint8Array([0xde, 0xad]);
const draftWire = encodeCoseSign1({
protectedHeader: { alg: "ES256" },
payload,
signature: new Uint8Array(64),
});
const draft = decodeCoseSign1(draftWire);
const tbs = buildSign1Structure(
draft.protectedRaw,
new Uint8Array(0),
payload
);
const sig = p256.sign(sha256(tbs), sk);
const msg: CoseSign1 = { ...draft, signature: sig };
// Use the compressed-form public key directly to bypass the y-parity test trick.
const pk = p256.getPublicKey(sk);
expect(verifyCoseSign1(msg, pk)).toBe(true);
// Also exercise the EC2-key path via the helper. Note: our synthetic
// y bytes only match the parity bit so the helper-built compressed
// point matches what `p256.getPublicKey` produced.
ec2.x = pk.subarray(1, 33);
ec2.y[31] = (pk[0] as number) === 0x03 ? 1 : 0;
expect(verifyCoseSign1(msg, ec2)).toBe(true);
});
});
describe("COSE_Sign1 — error paths", () => {
it("rejects non-array decoded shape", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const wire = encodeCoseSign1({
protectedHeader: { alg: "EdDSA" },
payload: new Uint8Array([1]),
signature: new Uint8Array(64),
});
// Re-encode as a 3-element array to break the shape
const broken = new Uint8Array([0xd2, 0x83, 0x40, 0xa0, 0x40]);
expect(() => decodeCoseSign1(broken)).toThrow(/UNEXPECTED_TYPE/);
void wire;
});
it("verify throws when alg is missing entirely", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const wire = encodeCoseSign1({
protectedHeader: {},
payload: new Uint8Array([1]),
signature: new Uint8Array(64),
});
const msg = decodeCoseSign1(wire);
expect(() => verifyCoseSign1(msg, new Uint8Array(32))).toThrow(
/COSE_HEADER_INVALID/
);
});
it("verify throws on detached payload", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const wire = encodeCoseSign1({
protectedHeader: { alg: "EdDSA" },
payload: null,
signature: new Uint8Array(64),
});
const msg = decodeCoseSign1(wire);
expect(() => verifyCoseSign1(msg, new Uint8Array(32))).toThrow(
/UNEXPECTED_TYPE/
);
});
it("verify throws on unsupported alg", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const wire = encodeCoseSign1({
protectedHeader: { alg: "RS256" },
payload: new Uint8Array([1]),
signature: new Uint8Array(64),
});
const msg = decodeCoseSign1(wire);
expect(() => verifyCoseSign1(msg, new Uint8Array(32))).toThrow(
/UNEXPECTED_TYPE/
);
});
it("ES256 verify rejects non-EC2 key shape", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const wire = encodeCoseSign1({
protectedHeader: { alg: "ES256" },
payload: new Uint8Array([1]),
signature: new Uint8Array(64),
});
const msg = decodeCoseSign1(wire);
const okp: OkpKey = {
kty: "OKP",
crv: "Ed25519",
x: new Uint8Array(32),
};
expect(() => verifyCoseSign1(msg, okp)).toThrow(/UNEXPECTED_TYPE/);
});
it("EdDSA verify rejects non-OKP key shape", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const wire = encodeCoseSign1({
protectedHeader: { alg: "EdDSA" },
payload: new Uint8Array([1]),
signature: new Uint8Array(64),
});
const msg = decodeCoseSign1(wire);
const ec2: Ec2Key = {
kty: "EC2",
crv: "P-256",
x: new Uint8Array(32),
y: new Uint8Array(32),
};
expect(() => verifyCoseSign1(msg, ec2)).toThrow(/UNEXPECTED_TYPE/);
});
it("ES256 with malformed point dimensions throws", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
const wire = encodeCoseSign1({
protectedHeader: { alg: "ES256" },
payload: new Uint8Array([1]),
signature: new Uint8Array(64),
});
const msg = decodeCoseSign1(wire);
const ec2: Ec2Key = {
kty: "EC2",
crv: "P-256",
x: new Uint8Array(16),
y: new Uint8Array(32),
};
expect(() => verifyCoseSign1(msg, ec2)).toThrow(/UNEXPECTED_TYPE/);
});
it("ES384 round-trips through p384 + sha384", { timeout: 10000 }, () => {
const sk = p384.randomPrivateKey();
const pk = p384.getPublicKey(sk);
const ec2: Ec2Key = {
kty: "EC2",
crv: "P-384",
x: pk.subarray(1, 49),
y: new Uint8Array(48),
};
ec2.y[47] = (pk[0] as number) === 0x03 ? 1 : 0;
const payload = new Uint8Array([1, 2]);
const draft = decodeCoseSign1(
encodeCoseSign1({
protectedHeader: { alg: "ES384" },
payload,
signature: new Uint8Array(96),
})
);
const tbs = buildSign1Structure(
draft.protectedRaw,
new Uint8Array(0),
payload
);
const sig = p384.sign(sha384(tbs), sk);
const msg: CoseSign1 = { ...draft, signature: sig };
expect(verifyCoseSign1(msg, ec2)).toBe(true);
});
it("ES512 round-trips through p521 + sha512", { timeout: 10000 }, () => {
const sk = p521.randomPrivateKey();
const pk = p521.getPublicKey(sk);
const ec2: Ec2Key = {
kty: "EC2",
crv: "P-521",
x: pk.subarray(1, 67),
y: new Uint8Array(66),
};
ec2.y[65] = (pk[0] as number) === 0x03 ? 1 : 0;
const payload = new Uint8Array([3, 4]);
const draft = decodeCoseSign1(
encodeCoseSign1({
protectedHeader: { alg: "ES512" },
payload,
signature: new Uint8Array(132),
})
);
const tbs = buildSign1Structure(
draft.protectedRaw,
new Uint8Array(0),
payload
);
const sig = p521.sign(sha512(tbs), sk);
const msg: CoseSign1 = { ...draft, signature: sig };
expect(verifyCoseSign1(msg, ec2)).toBe(true);
});
it("ES384 rejects wrong-curve coordinate size", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const wire = encodeCoseSign1({
protectedHeader: { alg: "ES384" },
payload: new Uint8Array([1]),
signature: new Uint8Array(96),
});
const msg = decodeCoseSign1(wire);
const wrong: Ec2Key = {
kty: "EC2",
crv: "P-384",
x: new Uint8Array(32),
y: new Uint8Array(32),
};
expect(() => verifyCoseSign1(msg, wrong)).toThrow(/UNEXPECTED_TYPE/);
});
it("decode rejects non-byte-string protected", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
// Encode the wrong shape: [text, map, bytes, bytes]
const bad = new Uint8Array([0x84, 0x60, 0xa0, 0x40, 0x40]);
expect(() => decodeCoseSign1(bad)).toThrow(/UNEXPECTED_TYPE/);
});
it("decode rejects non-map unprotected", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const bad = new Uint8Array([0x84, 0x40, 0x60, 0x40, 0x40]);
expect(() => decodeCoseSign1(bad)).toThrow(/UNEXPECTED_TYPE/);
});
it("decode rejects non-byte-string payload (not null)", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
const bad = new Uint8Array([0x84, 0x40, 0xa0, 0x60, 0x40]);
expect(() => decodeCoseSign1(bad)).toThrow(/UNEXPECTED_TYPE/);
});
it("decode rejects non-byte-string signature", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const bad = new Uint8Array([0x84, 0x40, 0xa0, 0x40, 0x60]);
expect(() => decodeCoseSign1(bad)).toThrow(/UNEXPECTED_TYPE/);
});
});
describe("COSE_Sign1 — empty protected header", () => {
it("empty protected map encodes as empty byte string", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
const wire = encodeCoseSign1({
payload: new Uint8Array([1]),
signature: new Uint8Array(64),
});
const msg = decodeCoseSign1(wire);
expect(msg.protectedRaw.length).toBe(0);
expect(msg.protectedHeader).toEqual({});
});
});

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import * as ed25519 from "@suaveplan/crypto-curve/ed25519";
import * as p256 from "@suaveplan/crypto-curve/p256";
import * as p384 from "@suaveplan/crypto-curve/p384";
import * as p521 from "@suaveplan/crypto-curve/p521";
import { sha256, sha384, sha512 } from "@suaveplan/crypto-hash";
import { decode } from "../decoder/decoder.js";
import type { DecodedValue } from "../decoder/decoder.types.js";
import { encode } from "../encoder/encoder.js";
import { CBOR_CODES, cborError } from "../errors/error-codes.js";
import { Tagged } from "../tags/tagged.js";
import type { CoseAlg, Ec2Key, OkpKey } from "./cose.types.js";
import { type CoseHeader, headerToMap, mapToHeader } from "./headers.js";
import { buildSign1Structure } from "./sig-structure.js";
/** RFC 9052 §2 — `COSE_Sign1_Tagged` is CBOR tag 18. */
export const COSE_SIGN1_TAG = 18;
/**
* Decoded `COSE_Sign1` message (RFC 9052 §4.2). The byte-string fields are
* carried verbatim — `protectedRaw` is the serialised inner map needed for
* Sig_structure1 reconstruction during verify.
*/
export interface CoseSign1 {
protectedRaw: Uint8Array;
protectedHeader: CoseHeader;
unprotectedHeader: CoseHeader;
payload: Uint8Array | null;
signature: Uint8Array;
}
export interface EncodeCoseSign1Input {
protectedHeader?: CoseHeader;
unprotectedHeader?: CoseHeader;
payload: Uint8Array | null;
signature: Uint8Array;
/** When `true`, prefix CBOR tag 18 onto the output. Default: `true`. */
tagged?: boolean;
}
export interface VerifyCoseSign1Options {
/** External AAD per RFC 9052 §4.3. Default: empty bytes. */
externalAad?: Uint8Array;
/** Override the algorithm declared in the protected header. */
alg?: CoseAlg;
}
/** Encode a `COSE_Sign1` message. */
export function encodeCoseSign1(input: EncodeCoseSign1Input): Uint8Array {
const protectedMap = headerToMap(input.protectedHeader ?? {});
const protectedRaw =
protectedMap.size === 0
? new Uint8Array(0)
: encode(protectedMap, { deterministic: true });
const unprotectedMap = headerToMap(input.unprotectedHeader ?? {});
const tuple: [
Uint8Array,
Map<number, unknown>,
Uint8Array | null,
Uint8Array,
] = [protectedRaw, unprotectedMap, input.payload, input.signature];
const inner = encode(tuple, { deterministic: true });
if (input.tagged === false) return inner;
return encode(
new Tagged(COSE_SIGN1_TAG, decode(inner, { tagHandling: "raw" })),
{
deterministic: true,
}
);
}
/** Decode a `COSE_Sign1` byte sequence (with or without the tag-18 prefix). */
export function decodeCoseSign1(bytes: Uint8Array): CoseSign1 {
const top = decode(bytes, { tagHandling: "raw" });
const inner =
top instanceof Tagged && top.tag === COSE_SIGN1_TAG ? top.value : top;
if (!Array.isArray(inner) || inner.length !== 4) {
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.UNEXPECTED_TYPE,
"COSE_Sign1 must be a 4-element array"
);
}
const [protectedRaw, unprotectedRaw, payload, signature] = inner as [
DecodedValue,
DecodedValue,
DecodedValue,
DecodedValue,
];
if (!(protectedRaw instanceof Uint8Array)) {
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.UNEXPECTED_TYPE,
"COSE_Sign1[0] (protected) must be byte string"
);
}
if (!(unprotectedRaw instanceof Map)) {
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.UNEXPECTED_TYPE,
"COSE_Sign1[1] (unprotected) must be map"
);
}
if (payload !== null && !(payload instanceof Uint8Array)) {
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.UNEXPECTED_TYPE,
"COSE_Sign1[2] (payload) must be byte string or null"
);
}
if (!(signature instanceof Uint8Array)) {
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.UNEXPECTED_TYPE,
"COSE_Sign1[3] (signature) must be byte string"
);
}
const protectedHeader =
protectedRaw.length === 0
? {}
: mapToHeader(
decode(protectedRaw, { tagHandling: "raw" }) as Map<
unknown,
unknown
>
);
return {
protectedRaw,
protectedHeader,
unprotectedHeader: mapToHeader(unprotectedRaw as Map<unknown, unknown>),
payload,
signature,
};
}
/**
* Verify a `COSE_Sign1` signature (RFC 9052 §4.4 — Sig_structure1). Returns
* `true` iff the signature validates against `publicKey` for the algorithm
* resolved from the protected header (or the `options.alg` override).
*
* Supports ES256 (P-256 + SHA-256), ES384 (P-384 + SHA-384), ES512
* (P-521 + SHA-512), and EdDSA (Ed25519) — the algorithms exposed by
* `@suaveplan/crypto-curve`. Other algorithms throw
* `CborError(UNEXPECTED_TYPE)` to make the gap explicit.
*/
export function verifyCoseSign1(
msg: CoseSign1,
publicKey: Ec2Key | OkpKey | Uint8Array,
options: VerifyCoseSign1Options = {}
): boolean {
const alg = options.alg ?? msg.protectedHeader.alg;
if (!alg) {
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.COSE_HEADER_INVALID,
"COSE_Sign1 has no `alg` to verify against"
);
}
if (msg.payload === null) {
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.UNEXPECTED_TYPE,
"COSE_Sign1 detached payload is not yet supported"
);
}
const externalAad = options.externalAad ?? new Uint8Array(0);
const tbs = buildSign1Structure(msg.protectedRaw, externalAad, msg.payload);
switch (alg) {
case "ES256": {
const pk = ec2ToCompressedPoint(publicKey, 32);
return p256.verify(msg.signature, sha256(tbs), pk);
}
case "ES384": {
const pk = ec2ToCompressedPoint(publicKey, 48);
return p384.verify(msg.signature, sha384(tbs), pk);
}
case "ES512": {
const pk = ec2ToCompressedPoint(publicKey, 66);
return p521.verify(msg.signature, sha512(tbs), pk);
}
case "EdDSA": {
const pk = okpToBytes(publicKey);
return ed25519.verify(msg.signature, tbs, pk);
}
default:
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.UNEXPECTED_TYPE,
`verifyCoseSign1: alg ${alg} not supported`
);
}
}
/** Build a SEC1 compressed point from an EC2 COSE key. `coordLen` is the
* width of each affine coordinate: 32 for P-256, 48 for P-384, 66 for P-521.
* The output is `1 + coordLen` bytes: `0x02 | 0x03` parity prefix followed
* by the `x` coordinate. */
function ec2ToCompressedPoint(
key: Ec2Key | OkpKey | Uint8Array,
coordLen: number
): Uint8Array {
if (key instanceof Uint8Array) return key;
if (key.kty !== "EC2") {
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.UNEXPECTED_TYPE,
"ECDSA verify requires an EC2 key"
);
}
if (key.x.length !== coordLen || key.y.length !== coordLen) {
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.UNEXPECTED_TYPE,
`EC2 point must be ${coordLen}-byte x and ${coordLen}-byte y (got x=${key.x.length}, y=${key.y.length})`
);
}
const yLast = key.y[coordLen - 1] as number;
const prefix = (yLast & 1) === 0 ? 0x02 : 0x03;
const compressed = new Uint8Array(1 + coordLen);
compressed[0] = prefix;
compressed.set(key.x, 1);
return compressed;
}
function okpToBytes(key: Ec2Key | OkpKey | Uint8Array): Uint8Array {
if (key instanceof Uint8Array) return key;
if (key.kty !== "OKP") {
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.UNEXPECTED_TYPE,
"EdDSA verify requires an OKP key"
);
}
return key.x;
}

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# `claims`
## Purpose
Encode and decode RFC 8392 CBOR Web Token claim sets. The seven IANA-
registered claims (`iss`, `sub`, `aud`, `exp`, `nbf`, `iat`, `cti`) are
typed; private claims keyed by IANA-numeric label survive the round-trip
unchanged.
## Features
- `encodeCwt(claims)` — deterministic claim-set encoding so token bytes are
byte-stable across runs.
- `decodeCwt(bytes)` — typed `CwtClaims` output with full validation at the
field boundaries.
- Time fields (`exp`, `nbf`, `iat`) accept `Date` on the input side; the
decoder produces `Date` from raw integers, bigints, or values wrapped in
CBOR tag 1 (epoch).
- `aud` accepts both `string` and `string[]` per RFC 8392 §3.1.
- Private claims threaded through `claims.private` keyed by integer label
number — opaque to the typed claims but preserved on round-trip.
## Usage
```ts
import { decodeCwt, encodeCwt } from "@suaveplan/cbor/cwt";
const wire = encodeCwt({
iss: "https://issuer.example",
exp: new Date("2030-01-01"),
cti: new Uint8Array([0x01, 0x02]),
private: { 100: "tenant-a" },
});
const claims = decodeCwt(wire);
```
## API
- `encodeCwt(claims: CwtClaims): Uint8Array`
- `decodeCwt(bytes: Uint8Array): CwtClaims`
Throws `CborError(UNEXPECTED_TYPE)` for malformed claim labels, wrong inner
types, non-string `iss`/`sub`, malformed `aud`, etc.
## Notes
`exp`/`nbf`/`iat` always serialise as integer epoch seconds rather than
`Tagged(1, …)` — both forms are valid on the wire per RFC 8392, but the
integer form is shorter and the deterministic profile prefers shortest-form.
Private claims must use integer labels per the CWT registry; non-integer
keys are silently dropped on encode (the `Object.entries` walk filters
them) — the typed `private` shape is keyed by `number`.

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import { decode } from "../decoder/decoder.js";
import { encode } from "../encoder/encoder.js";
import { CBOR_CODES, cborError } from "../errors/error-codes.js";
import { Tagged } from "../tags/tagged.js";
import type { CwtClaims } from "./cwt.types.js";
const ISS = 1;
const SUB = 2;
const AUD = 3;
const EXP = 4;
const NBF = 5;
const IAT = 6;
const CTI = 7;
/** Encode a `CwtClaims` record to deterministic CBOR. */
export function encodeCwt(claims: CwtClaims): Uint8Array {
const m = new Map<number, unknown>();
if (claims.iss !== undefined) m.set(ISS, claims.iss);
if (claims.sub !== undefined) m.set(SUB, claims.sub);
if (claims.aud !== undefined) m.set(AUD, claims.aud);
if (claims.exp !== undefined) m.set(EXP, dateToEpoch(claims.exp));
if (claims.nbf !== undefined) m.set(NBF, dateToEpoch(claims.nbf));
if (claims.iat !== undefined) m.set(IAT, dateToEpoch(claims.iat));
if (claims.cti !== undefined) m.set(CTI, claims.cti);
if (claims.private) {
for (const [label, value] of Object.entries(claims.private)) {
// Typed `Record<number, unknown>` — every key is an integer string.
m.set(Number(label), value);
}
}
return encode(m, { deterministic: true });
}
/** Decode CBOR bytes into a typed `CwtClaims` record. */
export function decodeCwt(bytes: Uint8Array): CwtClaims {
const value = decode(bytes, { tagHandling: "raw" });
if (!(value instanceof Map)) {
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.UNEXPECTED_TYPE,
"CWT claim set must decode as CBOR map"
);
}
return mapToClaims(value as Map<unknown, unknown>);
}
function mapToClaims(m: Map<unknown, unknown>): CwtClaims {
const out: CwtClaims = {};
const privateClaims: Record<number, unknown> = {};
for (const [k, v] of m) {
if (typeof k !== "number") {
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.UNEXPECTED_TYPE,
"CWT claim labels must be integers"
);
}
switch (k) {
case ISS:
out.iss = expectString(v, "iss");
break;
case SUB:
out.sub = expectString(v, "sub");
break;
case AUD:
out.aud = readAud(v);
break;
case EXP:
out.exp = readTime(v, "exp");
break;
case NBF:
out.nbf = readTime(v, "nbf");
break;
case IAT:
out.iat = readTime(v, "iat");
break;
case CTI:
if (!(v instanceof Uint8Array)) {
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.UNEXPECTED_TYPE,
"CWT cti must be byte string"
);
}
out.cti = v;
break;
default:
privateClaims[k] = v;
}
}
if (Object.keys(privateClaims).length > 0) out.private = privateClaims;
return out;
}
function expectString(v: unknown, field: string): string {
if (typeof v !== "string") {
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.UNEXPECTED_TYPE,
`CWT ${field} must be text string`
);
}
return v;
}
function readAud(v: unknown): string | string[] {
if (typeof v === "string") return v;
if (Array.isArray(v)) {
const arr: string[] = [];
for (const e of v) {
if (typeof e !== "string") {
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.UNEXPECTED_TYPE,
"CWT aud array entries must be strings"
);
}
arr.push(e);
}
return arr;
}
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.UNEXPECTED_TYPE,
"CWT aud must be string or string array"
);
}
function readTime(v: unknown, field: string): Date {
if (v instanceof Tagged && v.tag === 1) {
return readTime(v.value, field);
}
if (typeof v === "number") return new Date(v * 1000);
if (typeof v === "bigint") return new Date(Number(v) * 1000);
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.UNEXPECTED_TYPE,
`CWT ${field} must be number, bigint, or epoch tag`
);
}
function dateToEpoch(d: Date): number {
return Math.floor(d.getTime() / 1000);
}

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import * as ed25519 from "@suaveplan/crypto-curve/ed25519";
import { describe, expect, it } from "@suaveplan/testing/runner";
import { createCoseMac0 } from "../cose/mac0.js";
import { buildSign1Structure } from "../cose/sig-structure.js";
import { decodeCoseSign1, encodeCoseSign1 } from "../cose/sign1.js";
import { encode } from "../encoder/encoder.js";
import { Tagged } from "../tags/tagged.js";
import { decodeCwt, encodeCwt } from "./claims.js";
import type { CwtClaims } from "./cwt.types.js";
import { verifyCwtMac0, verifyCwtSign1 } from "./verify.js";
describe("CWT claim set encode/decode", () => {
it("round-trips iss/sub/aud/exp/nbf/iat/cti", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const exp = new Date("2030-01-01T00:00:00Z");
const nbf = new Date("2025-01-01T00:00:00Z");
const iat = new Date("2026-05-10T00:00:00Z");
const claims: CwtClaims = {
iss: "issuer.example",
sub: "user-123",
aud: ["audience.example"],
exp,
nbf,
iat,
cti: new Uint8Array([1, 2, 3, 4]),
};
const wire = encodeCwt(claims);
const out = decodeCwt(wire);
expect(out.iss).toBe(claims.iss);
expect(out.sub).toBe(claims.sub);
expect(out.aud).toEqual(claims.aud);
expect(out.exp?.toISOString()).toBe(exp.toISOString());
expect(out.nbf?.toISOString()).toBe(nbf.toISOString());
expect(out.iat?.toISOString()).toBe(iat.toISOString());
expect(out.cti && Array.from(out.cti)).toEqual([1, 2, 3, 4]);
});
it("aud as plain string round-trips", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const wire = encodeCwt({ aud: "single" });
expect(decodeCwt(wire).aud).toBe("single");
});
it("private claims preserved", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const wire = encodeCwt({
iss: "x",
private: { 100: "tenant-1", 200: 42 },
});
const out = decodeCwt(wire);
expect(out.private).toEqual({ 100: "tenant-1", 200: 42 });
});
it("decodes time as bigint epoch", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const m = new Map<number, unknown>([[4, 1700000000n]]);
const out = decodeCwt(encode(m, { deterministic: true }));
expect(out.exp?.getTime()).toBe(1700000000 * 1000);
});
it("decodes time as bigint above MAX_SAFE_INTEGER", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
// A u64 above 2^53 stays as bigint after decode — exercises the
// bigint branch in the time-claim reader.
const big = 2n ** 53n + 1n;
const m = new Map<number, unknown>([[4, big]]);
const out = decodeCwt(encode(m, { deterministic: true }));
// Date is past JS Date range so it'll be Invalid Date but still a Date instance
expect(out.exp).toBeInstanceOf(Date);
});
it("decodes time wrapped in tag 1", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const m = new Map<number, unknown>([[6, new Tagged(1, 1700000000)]]);
const out = decodeCwt(encode(m, { deterministic: true }));
expect(out.iat?.getTime()).toBe(1700000000 * 1000);
});
it("rejects time wrapped in tag !== 1", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const m = new Map<number, unknown>([[4, new Tagged(99, 1700000000)]]);
expect(() => decodeCwt(encode(m, { deterministic: true }))).toThrow(
/UNEXPECTED_TYPE/
);
});
});
describe("CWT decode error paths", () => {
it("rejects non-map payload", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(() => decodeCwt(encode([1, 2, 3]))).toThrow(/UNEXPECTED_TYPE/);
});
it("rejects non-integer label", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const m = new Map<unknown, unknown>([["iss", "x"]]);
expect(() => decodeCwt(encode(m))).toThrow(/UNEXPECTED_TYPE/);
});
it("rejects non-string iss", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const m = new Map<number, unknown>([[1, 42]]);
expect(() => decodeCwt(encode(m))).toThrow(/UNEXPECTED_TYPE/);
});
it("rejects non-string sub", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const m = new Map<number, unknown>([[2, 42]]);
expect(() => decodeCwt(encode(m))).toThrow(/UNEXPECTED_TYPE/);
});
it("rejects malformed aud (boolean)", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const m = new Map<number, unknown>([[3, true]]);
expect(() => decodeCwt(encode(m))).toThrow(/UNEXPECTED_TYPE/);
});
it("rejects aud array with non-string entry", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const m = new Map<number, unknown>([[3, [1]]]);
expect(() => decodeCwt(encode(m))).toThrow(/UNEXPECTED_TYPE/);
});
it("rejects malformed exp (string)", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const m = new Map<number, unknown>([[4, "not-a-time"]]);
expect(() => decodeCwt(encode(m))).toThrow(/UNEXPECTED_TYPE/);
});
it("rejects non-bytes cti", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const m = new Map<number, unknown>([[7, "not-bytes"]]);
expect(() => decodeCwt(encode(m))).toThrow(/UNEXPECTED_TYPE/);
});
});
describe("verifyCwtMac0", () => {
const key = new Uint8Array(32).fill(0xaa);
it("verifies a fresh CWT", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const claims: CwtClaims = {
iss: "me",
aud: "you",
exp: new Date(Date.now() + 60_000),
nbf: new Date(Date.now() - 1_000),
};
const cwt = createCoseMac0({
protectedHeader: { alg: "HS256" },
payload: encodeCwt(claims),
key,
});
const r = verifyCwtMac0(cwt, key);
expect(r.valid).toBe(true);
expect(r.claims.iss).toBe("me");
});
it("rejects expired token", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const cwt = createCoseMac0({
protectedHeader: { alg: "HS256" },
payload: encodeCwt({ exp: new Date(Date.now() - 60_000) }),
key,
});
expect(() => verifyCwtMac0(cwt, key)).toThrow(/CWT_EXPIRED/);
});
it("rejects nbf in the future", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const cwt = createCoseMac0({
protectedHeader: { alg: "HS256" },
payload: encodeCwt({ nbf: new Date(Date.now() + 60_000) }),
key,
});
expect(() => verifyCwtMac0(cwt, key)).toThrow(/CWT_NOT_YET_VALID/);
});
it("audience mismatch", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const cwt = createCoseMac0({
protectedHeader: { alg: "HS256" },
payload: encodeCwt({ aud: "x" }),
key,
});
expect(() => verifyCwtMac0(cwt, key, { audience: "y" })).toThrow(
/CWT_AUDIENCE_MISMATCH/
);
});
it("audience match (string)", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const cwt = createCoseMac0({
protectedHeader: { alg: "HS256" },
payload: encodeCwt({ aud: "x" }),
key,
});
expect(verifyCwtMac0(cwt, key, { audience: "x" }).valid).toBe(true);
});
it("audience match (array)", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const cwt = createCoseMac0({
protectedHeader: { alg: "HS256" },
payload: encodeCwt({ aud: ["x", "y"] }),
key,
});
expect(verifyCwtMac0(cwt, key, { audience: "y" }).valid).toBe(true);
});
it("issuer mismatch", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const cwt = createCoseMac0({
protectedHeader: { alg: "HS256" },
payload: encodeCwt({ iss: "alice" }),
key,
});
expect(() => verifyCwtMac0(cwt, key, { issuer: "bob" })).toThrow(
/CWT_ISSUER_MISMATCH/
);
});
it("rejects bad MAC", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const cwt = createCoseMac0({
protectedHeader: { alg: "HS256" },
payload: encodeCwt({}),
key,
});
const wrongKey = new Uint8Array(32).fill(0xbb);
expect(() => verifyCwtMac0(cwt, wrongKey)).toThrow(
/CWT_SIGNATURE_INVALID/
);
});
it("rejects null-payload CWT", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
// Hand-build a Mac0 with null payload + bogus tag
const wire = new Uint8Array([0xd1, 0x84, 0x40, 0xa0, 0xf6, 0x40]);
expect(() => verifyCwtMac0(wire, key)).toThrow(/CWT_SIGNATURE_INVALID/);
});
it("clock skew tolerance", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const cwt = createCoseMac0({
protectedHeader: { alg: "HS256" },
payload: encodeCwt({ exp: new Date(Date.now() - 1_000) }),
key,
});
// 5s skew window covers the 1s past-exp
expect(verifyCwtMac0(cwt, key, { clockSkewMs: 5_000 }).valid).toBe(
true
);
});
it("propagates external AAD", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const aad = new TextEncoder().encode("ctx");
const cwt = createCoseMac0({
protectedHeader: { alg: "HS256" },
payload: encodeCwt({}),
key,
externalAad: aad,
});
expect(verifyCwtMac0(cwt, key, { externalAad: aad }).valid).toBe(true);
});
it("nowMs override + skew window", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const cwt = createCoseMac0({
protectedHeader: { alg: "HS256" },
payload: encodeCwt({ exp: new Date(2_000_000_000_000) }),
key,
});
// Pin nowMs to the past — verify must succeed
expect(
verifyCwtMac0(cwt, key, { nowMs: 1_000_000_000_000 }).valid
).toBe(true);
});
});
describe("verifyCwtSign1", () => {
it("verifies an EdDSA-signed CWT", { timeout: 10000 }, () => {
const sk = ed25519.randomPrivateKey();
const pk = ed25519.getPublicKey(sk);
const payload = encodeCwt({ iss: "alice" });
// Build a draft to capture protectedRaw bytes
const draftWire = encodeCoseSign1({
protectedHeader: { alg: "EdDSA" },
payload,
signature: new Uint8Array(64),
});
const draft = decodeCoseSign1(draftWire);
const tbs = buildSign1Structure(
draft.protectedRaw,
new Uint8Array(0),
payload
);
const sig = ed25519.sign(tbs, sk);
const wire = encodeCoseSign1({
protectedHeader: { alg: "EdDSA" },
payload,
signature: sig,
});
const r = verifyCwtSign1(wire, pk);
expect(r.valid).toBe(true);
expect(r.claims.iss).toBe("alice");
});
it("rejects bad EdDSA signature", { timeout: 10000 }, () => {
const sk = ed25519.randomPrivateKey();
const wrongPk = ed25519.getPublicKey(ed25519.randomPrivateKey());
const payload = encodeCwt({ iss: "alice" });
const draftWire = encodeCoseSign1({
protectedHeader: { alg: "EdDSA" },
payload,
signature: new Uint8Array(64),
});
const draft = decodeCoseSign1(draftWire);
const tbs = buildSign1Structure(
draft.protectedRaw,
new Uint8Array(0),
payload
);
const sig = ed25519.sign(tbs, sk);
const wire = encodeCoseSign1({
protectedHeader: { alg: "EdDSA" },
payload,
signature: sig,
});
expect(() => verifyCwtSign1(wire, wrongPk)).toThrow(
/CWT_SIGNATURE_INVALID/
);
});
it("Sign1 with externalAad propagates through verify", {
timeout: 10000,
}, () => {
const sk = ed25519.randomPrivateKey();
const pk = ed25519.getPublicKey(sk);
const aad = new TextEncoder().encode("ctx");
const payload = encodeCwt({});
const draftWire = encodeCoseSign1({
protectedHeader: { alg: "EdDSA" },
payload,
signature: new Uint8Array(64),
});
const draft = decodeCoseSign1(draftWire);
const tbs = buildSign1Structure(draft.protectedRaw, aad, payload);
const sig = ed25519.sign(tbs, sk);
const wire = encodeCoseSign1({
protectedHeader: { alg: "EdDSA" },
payload,
signature: sig,
});
expect(verifyCwtSign1(wire, pk, { externalAad: aad }).valid).toBe(true);
});
it("rejects null-payload Sign1 CWT", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const wire = encodeCoseSign1({
protectedHeader: { alg: "EdDSA" },
payload: null,
signature: new Uint8Array(64),
});
expect(() => verifyCwtSign1(wire, new Uint8Array(32))).toThrow(
/CWT_SIGNATURE_INVALID/
);
});
});

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/**
* RFC 8392 CBOR Web Token claim labels (IANA CWT Claims registry).
*/
export interface CwtClaims {
/** Label 1 — issuer (text string). */
iss?: string;
/** Label 2 — subject (text string). */
sub?: string;
/** Label 3 — audience (text string OR array of text strings). */
aud?: string | string[];
/** Label 4 — expiration time (Date OR epoch seconds). */
exp?: Date;
/** Label 5 — not before (Date OR epoch seconds). */
nbf?: Date;
/** Label 6 — issued at (Date OR epoch seconds). */
iat?: Date;
/** Label 7 — CWT ID (byte string). */
cti?: Uint8Array;
/** Unregistered private claims, keyed by IANA label number. */
private?: Record<number, unknown>;
}
export interface CwtVerifyOptions {
/** External AAD passed to the underlying COSE_Sign1 / COSE_Mac0 verify. */
externalAad?: Uint8Array;
/** Required audience — verify rejects with `CWT_AUDIENCE_MISMATCH` on missing match. */
audience?: string;
/** Required issuer — verify rejects with `CWT_ISSUER_MISMATCH` on mismatch. */
issuer?: string;
/** Current time (ms since epoch). Defaults to `Date.now()`. */
nowMs?: number;
/** Tolerance for clock skew (ms). Default: 0. */
clockSkewMs?: number;
}
export interface CwtVerifyResult {
valid: true;
claims: CwtClaims;
}

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export { decodeCwt, encodeCwt } from "./claims.js";
export type {
CwtClaims,
CwtVerifyOptions,
CwtVerifyResult,
} from "./cwt.types.js";
export { verifyCwtMac0, verifyCwtSign1 } from "./verify.js";

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# `verify`
## Purpose
End-to-end CWT verification: parse the COSE wrapper, verify the signature
or MAC, decode the claim set, and check the standard time-window plus
audience plus issuer claims. Two entry points cover the two RFC 8392
profiles — `verifyCwtSign1` for COSE_Sign1-wrapped tokens and
`verifyCwtMac0` for COSE_Mac0-wrapped tokens.
## Features
- Time-window enforcement honours `exp` (with optional clock-skew tolerance)
and `nbf` per RFC 8392 §7.
- Audience checks accept both `string` and `string[]` audience claims.
- Issuer check is exact-match.
- External AAD propagates through to the underlying COSE verify.
- Distinct error codes per failure (`CWT_SIGNATURE_INVALID`, `CWT_EXPIRED`,
`CWT_NOT_YET_VALID`, `CWT_AUDIENCE_MISMATCH`, `CWT_ISSUER_MISMATCH`) so
callers can branch on the root cause.
## Usage
```ts
import { verifyCwtSign1 } from "@suaveplan/cbor/cwt";
const result = verifyCwtSign1(tokenBytes, publicKey, {
audience: "my-service",
issuer: "trusted-issuer",
clockSkewMs: 30_000,
});
console.log(result.claims.sub);
```
## API
- `verifyCwtSign1(bytes, key, options?): CwtVerifyResult`
- `verifyCwtMac0(bytes, key, options?): CwtVerifyResult`
- `CwtVerifyOptions`: `externalAad`, `audience`, `issuer`, `nowMs`,
`clockSkewMs`.
- `CwtVerifyResult`: `{ valid: true; claims: CwtClaims }` — the function
throws rather than returning `valid: false`, so the type carries no
failure variant. Callers `try/catch` on the typed `CborErrorCode`.
## Notes
Detached payloads (a `null` payload field on the COSE wrapper) are
explicitly rejected — RFC 8392 §1 says "The CWT structure is a CBOR
representation of a JWT-style claims set", which presumes the claim bytes
are carried inline. A future enhancement could accept a caller-provided
detached payload buffer; for now the failure mode is loud.

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import type { Ec2Key, OkpKey } from "../cose/cose.types.js";
import { decodeCoseMac0, verifyCoseMac0 } from "../cose/mac0.js";
import { decodeCoseSign1, verifyCoseSign1 } from "../cose/sign1.js";
import { CBOR_CODES, cborError } from "../errors/error-codes.js";
import { decodeCwt } from "./claims.js";
import type {
CwtClaims,
CwtVerifyOptions,
CwtVerifyResult,
} from "./cwt.types.js";
/**
* Verify a `COSE_Sign1`-wrapped CWT (RFC 8392 §7.1) and validate the
* standard time-window + audience + issuer claims.
*
* `key` may be a typed `Ec2Key` / `OkpKey` (signature path) or a raw byte
* string (HMAC / opaque public-key bytes).
*/
export function verifyCwtSign1(
bytes: Uint8Array,
key: Ec2Key | OkpKey | Uint8Array,
options: CwtVerifyOptions = {}
): CwtVerifyResult {
const msg = decodeCoseSign1(bytes);
if (msg.payload === null) {
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.CWT_SIGNATURE_INVALID,
"CWT must carry a payload"
);
}
const verifyOpts: { externalAad?: Uint8Array } = {};
if (options.externalAad !== undefined)
verifyOpts.externalAad = options.externalAad;
const ok = verifyCoseSign1(msg, key, verifyOpts);
if (!ok) {
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.CWT_SIGNATURE_INVALID,
"CWT signature did not verify"
);
}
const claims = decodeCwt(msg.payload);
validateClaims(claims, options);
return { valid: true, claims };
}
/** Verify a `COSE_Mac0`-wrapped CWT (RFC 8392 §7.2). */
export function verifyCwtMac0(
bytes: Uint8Array,
key: Uint8Array,
options: CwtVerifyOptions = {}
): CwtVerifyResult {
const msg = decodeCoseMac0(bytes);
if (msg.payload === null) {
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.CWT_SIGNATURE_INVALID,
"CWT must carry a payload"
);
}
const verifyOpts: { externalAad?: Uint8Array } = {};
if (options.externalAad !== undefined)
verifyOpts.externalAad = options.externalAad;
const ok = verifyCoseMac0(msg, key, verifyOpts);
if (!ok) {
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.CWT_SIGNATURE_INVALID,
"CWT MAC did not verify"
);
}
const claims = decodeCwt(msg.payload);
validateClaims(claims, options);
return { valid: true, claims };
}
function validateClaims(claims: CwtClaims, options: CwtVerifyOptions): void {
const now = options.nowMs ?? Date.now();
const skew = options.clockSkewMs ?? 0;
if (claims.exp && claims.exp.getTime() + skew < now) {
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.CWT_EXPIRED,
`CWT expired at ${claims.exp.toISOString()}`
);
}
if (claims.nbf && claims.nbf.getTime() - skew > now) {
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.CWT_NOT_YET_VALID,
`CWT not valid before ${claims.nbf.toISOString()}`
);
}
if (options.audience !== undefined) {
const aud = claims.aud;
const ok =
typeof aud === "string"
? aud === options.audience
: Array.isArray(aud) && aud.includes(options.audience);
if (!ok) {
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.CWT_AUDIENCE_MISMATCH,
`CWT audience does not include ${options.audience}`
);
}
}
if (options.issuer !== undefined && claims.iss !== options.issuer) {
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.CWT_ISSUER_MISMATCH,
`CWT issuer ${claims.iss} ≠ expected ${options.issuer}`
);
}
}

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import { describe, expect, it } from "@suaveplan/testing/runner";
import { Tagged } from "../tags/tagged.js";
import { decode } from "./decoder.js";
const fromHex = (s: string): Uint8Array => {
const out = new Uint8Array(s.length / 2);
for (let i = 0; i < out.length; i++)
out[i] = Number.parseInt(s.slice(i * 2, i * 2 + 2), 16);
return out;
};
describe("decoder — RFC 8949 §3.3 simple-value branches", () => {
it("simple value 0 (minor < 20) returns Tagged{tag:0}", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
const v = decode(fromHex("e0"));
expect(v).toBeInstanceOf(Tagged);
expect((v as Tagged).tag).toBe(0);
});
it("simple value 19 (last < 20) returns Tagged{tag:19}", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
const v = decode(fromHex("f3"));
expect((v as Tagged).tag).toBe(19);
});
it("simple-value 24 with sv≥32 returns Tagged", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const v = decode(fromHex("f820"));
expect((v as Tagged).tag).toBe(0x20);
});
it("simple-value 24 with sv<32 → MALFORMED in strict", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
expect(() => decode(fromHex("f810"))).toThrow(/MALFORMED/);
});
it("simple-value 24 with sv<32 returns Tagged in lax", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
const v = decode(fromHex("f810"), { mode: "lax" });
expect(v).toBeInstanceOf(Tagged);
expect((v as Tagged).tag).toBe(0x10);
});
it("reserved simple-value minor 28 → MALFORMED", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(() => decode(fromHex("fc"))).toThrow(/MALFORMED/);
});
it("reserved simple-value minor 29 → MALFORMED", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(() => decode(fromHex("fd"))).toThrow(/MALFORMED/);
});
it("reserved simple-value minor 30 → MALFORMED", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(() => decode(fromHex("fe"))).toThrow(/MALFORMED/);
});
});
describe("decoder — reserved & malformed primitives", () => {
it("reserved unsigned minor 28 → MALFORMED", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(() => decode(fromHex("1c"))).toThrow(/MALFORMED/);
});
it("indefinite-length on integer (major 0, minor 31) → MALFORMED", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
expect(() => decode(fromHex("1f"))).toThrow(/MALFORMED/);
});
it("major 5 indefinite-length map", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
// bf (indef map) 6161 (key "a") 01 (val 1) 6162 (key "b") 02 (val 2) ff (break)
const v = decode(
fromHex("bf6161016162 02 ff".replace(/\s/g, ""))
) as Map<unknown, unknown>;
expect(v.size).toBe(2);
});
it("indefinite byte-string with non-byte-string chunk → MALFORMED", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
// 5f starts indefinite-byte-string; 60 (text "") is wrong type
expect(() => decode(fromHex("5f60ff"))).toThrow(/MALFORMED/);
});
it("indefinite byte-string with nested indefinite chunk → MALFORMED", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
// 5f (indef bytes) 5f (nested indef bytes) ff ff
expect(() => decode(fromHex("5f5fffff"))).toThrow(/MALFORMED/);
});
it("indefinite text-string with non-text chunk → MALFORMED", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
// 7f (indef text) 40 (empty bytes — wrong major) ff
expect(() => decode(fromHex("7f40ff"))).toThrow(/MALFORMED/);
});
it("indefinite text-string with nested indef chunk → MALFORMED", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
expect(() => decode(fromHex("7f7fffff"))).toThrow(/MALFORMED/);
});
});
describe("decoder — length-overflow + bigint length", () => {
it("rejects 8-byte length larger than safe integer", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
// 5b (byte-string, minor=27, 8-byte length) followed by 2^53 + 1
expect(() => decode(fromHex("5b0020000000000001"))).toThrow(
/LENGTH_OVERFLOW/
);
});
it("rejects max u64 length on byte-string", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
// 5b followed by 0xffffffffffffffff = u64 max → bigint length → LENGTH_OVERFLOW
expect(() => decode(fromHex("5bffffffffffffffff"))).toThrow(
/LENGTH_OVERFLOW/
);
});
it("respects maxItems on flat array", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
// Array of length 10
expect(() =>
decode(fromHex("8a0102030405060708090a"), { maxItems: 5 })
).toThrow(/LENGTH_OVERFLOW/);
});
});
describe("decoder — lax mode + raw tag handling", () => {
it("strict + raw tag handling rejects indefinite", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
// Indefinite array forbidden in raw strict mode
expect(() =>
decode(fromHex("9f0102ff"), { mode: "strict", tagHandling: "raw" })
).toThrow(/INDEFINITE_NOT_ALLOWED/);
});
it("lax + raw tag handling accepts indefinite array", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
const v = decode(fromHex("9f0102ff"), {
mode: "lax",
tagHandling: "raw",
});
expect(v).toEqual([1, 2]);
});
it("lax mode allows trailing bytes silently", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
// Lax mode: `mode === "lax"` short-circuits the trailing-byte check.
expect(decode(fromHex("0001"), { mode: "lax" })).toBe(0);
});
});
describe("decoder — decodeOne defaults + boundary", () => {
it("decodeOne with no options or tags works", {
timeout: 5000,
}, async () => {
const { decodeOne } = await import("./decoder.js");
const out = decodeOne(fromHex("0102"));
expect(out.value).toBe(1);
expect(out.consumed).toBe(1);
});
it("u64 exactly MAX_SAFE_INTEGER returns number", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
// 1b 001fffffffffffff = 2^53 - 1 = MAX_SAFE_INTEGER
expect(decode(fromHex("1b001fffffffffffff"))).toBe(
Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER
);
});
});
describe("decoder — tag bigint guard", () => {
it("tag value exceeding MAX_SAFE_INTEGER throws LENGTH_OVERFLOW", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
// db (major 6 / minor 27, 8-byte tag) | 0020000000000001 (2^53 + 1) | 60 (inner "")
expect(() =>
decode(fromHex("db00200000000000016 0".replace(/\s/g, "")))
).toThrow(/LENGTH_OVERFLOW/);
});
});
describe("decoder — raw tag handling", () => {
it("raw mode returns Tagged for tag 0", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
// c0 (tag 0) 60 (empty text)
const v = decode(fromHex("c060"), {
mode: "lax",
tagHandling: "raw",
}) as { tag: number; value: unknown };
expect(v.tag).toBe(0);
expect(v.value).toBe("");
});
});
describe("decoder — major 1 negative bigint", () => {
it("major 1 with u64-max-1 returns negative bigint", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
// 3b followed by 0x7fffffffffffffff: that's a u64 inside the safe range
// Use a value above MAX_SAFE_INTEGER: 0x0020000000000000
expect(decode(fromHex("3b0020000000000000"))).toBe(-(2n ** 53n + 1n));
});
});

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# `decoder`
<!-- begin:auto-docs -->
_(no submodules)_
<!-- end:auto-docs --> - half-float — Decodes 2 big-endian bytes representin…
- [half-float](./half-float.md) — Decodes 2 big-endian bytes representing IEEE 754 binary16 to a JavaScript `number`. The decoder is always available — n…
- [well-formed](./well-formed.md) — `isWellFormed(bytes)` returns `true` iff `bytes` represent a single well-formed CBOR item per RFC 8949 §5.1. The functi…
- half-float — Decodes 2 big-endian bytes representin…
- [half-float](./half-float.md) — Decodes 2 big-endian bytes representing IEEE 754 binary16 to a JavaScript `number`. The decoder is always available — n…
- [well-formed](./well-formed.md) — `isWellFormed(bytes)` returns `true` iff `bytes` represent a single well-formed CBOR item per RFC 8949 §5.1. The functi…
- half-float — Decodes 2 big-endian bytes representin…
- [half-float](./half-float.md) — Decodes 2 big-endian bytes representing IEEE 754 binary16 to a JavaScript `number`. The decoder is always available — n…
- [well-formed](./well-formed.md) — `isWellFormed(bytes)` returns `true` iff `bytes` represent a single well-formed CBOR item per RFC 8949 §5.1. The functi…
- half-float — Decodes 2 big-endian bytes representin…
- [half-float](./half-float.md) — Decodes 2 big-endian bytes representing IEEE 754 binary16 to a JavaScript `number`. The decoder is always available — n…
- [well-formed](./well-formed.md) — `isWellFormed(bytes)` returns `true` iff `bytes` represent a single well-formed CBOR item per RFC 8949 §5.1. The functi…
- [half-float](./half-float.md) — Decodes 2 big-endian bytes representing IEEE 754 binary16 to a JavaScript `number`. The decoder is always available — n…
- [well-formed](./well-formed.md) — `isWellFormed(bytes)` returns `true` iff `bytes` represent a single well-formed CBOR item per RFC 8949 §5.1. The functi…
## Purpose
The CBOR decoder materialises an RFC 8949 byte sequence into a JavaScript
value. It defaults to strict mode — every §5.1 well-formedness rule is
enforced, including rejection of trailing bytes after the top-level item,
truncation, malformed UTF-8, unmatched break stops, and reserved minor-type
encodings. Lax mode applies §5.2 only and is provided for interop with
producers that emit looser CBOR.
## Features
- All seven major types decode end-to-end, including indefinite-length
byte/text strings and indefinite-length arrays/maps.
- Half-float (binary16) decode — always available; never gated by an option.
- BigInt fallback: `u64` values exceeding `Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER` decode to
`bigint`. Negative `u64` values likewise.
- Pluggable tag handling: callers pass a `Map<number, TagHandler>` and the
decoder substitutes handler output for the inner value. Unknown tags
return as `Tagged` per RFC 8949 §3.4.
- Bounded recursion + bounded item count — `maxDepth` (default 64) and
`maxItems` (default 1_000_000) caps prevent stack and memory blowups on
adversarial inputs.
- `decodeOne` returns the consumed byte count, enabling streaming and
sequence decoders to advance their cursors precisely.
## Usage: Basic Example
```ts
import { decode } from "@suaveplan/cbor/decoder";
const value = decode(bytes); // strict mode by default
```
## Usage: Advanced Example
```ts
import { decode } from "@suaveplan/cbor/decoder";
import { defaultTagHandlers } from "@suaveplan/cbor/tags";
// Decode with the IANA built-in tag handlers (Date, URL, RegExp, ...)
const tags = defaultTagHandlers().snapshot();
const value = decode(bytes, { mode: "strict" }, tags);
```
## API Reference
- `decode(bytes: Uint8Array, options?: DecoderOptions, tags?: ReadonlyMap<number, TagHandler>): DecodedValue`
- `decodeOne(bytes, options?, tags?): { value: DecodedValue; consumed: number }`
- `DecoderOptions`:
- `mode?: "strict" | "lax"` — default `"strict"`.
- `tagHandling?: "registered" | "raw"` — default `"registered"`. `"raw"`
yields `Tagged` instances even when a handler exists.
- `maxDepth?: number`, `maxItems?: number`, `allowTrailingBytes?: boolean`.
Throws `CborError` with codes `MALFORMED`, `UNEXPECTED_TYPE`,
`NESTED_TOO_DEEP`, `LENGTH_OVERFLOW`, `INDEFINITE_NOT_ALLOWED`.
## Implementation Notes
The decoder is single-pass and zero-copy where possible — `subarray` views
into the input buffer back returned `Uint8Array` byte strings. Indefinite
text/byte strings are reassembled chunk by chunk; nested indefinite chunks
are explicitly rejected per §3.2. UTF-8 decoding uses a fatal-mode
`TextDecoder` so invalid sequences raise `MALFORMED` rather than silently
substituting U+FFFD. The `decodeOne` exit point exposes the cursor position so
upstream sequence + streaming decoders can advance the input without
re-tokenising.

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import { describe, expect, it } from "@suaveplan/testing/runner";
import { encode } from "../encoder/encoder.js";
import { isTagged, Tagged } from "../tags/tagged.js";
import { decode, type TagHandler } from "./decoder.js";
const fromHex = (s: string): Uint8Array => {
const clean = s.replace(/\s/g, "");
const out = new Uint8Array(clean.length / 2);
for (let i = 0; i < out.length; i++)
out[i] = Number.parseInt(clean.slice(i * 2, i * 2 + 2), 16);
return out;
};
describe("decode — RFC 8949 Appendix A vectors", () => {
it.each([
["00", 0],
["01", 1],
["0a", 10],
["17", 23],
["1818", 24],
["1864", 100],
["1903e8", 1000],
["1a000f4240", 1000000],
["20", -1],
["29", -10],
["3863", -100],
["3903e7", -1000],
])("integer %s → %p", { timeout: 5000 }, (hex, expected) => {
expect(decode(fromHex(hex))).toBe(expected);
});
it("u64 max → bigint", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(decode(fromHex("1bffffffffffffffff"))).toBe(
18446744073709551615n
);
});
it("negative u64 below safe → bigint", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(decode(fromHex("3bffffffffffffffff"))).toBe(
-18446744073709551616n
);
});
it.each([
["f4", false],
["f5", true],
["f6", null],
["f7", undefined],
])("simple %s → %p", { timeout: 5000 }, (hex, expected) => {
expect(decode(fromHex(hex))).toBe(expected);
});
it("byte string", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const v = decode(fromHex("4401020304"));
expect(v).toBeInstanceOf(Uint8Array);
expect(Array.from(v as Uint8Array)).toEqual([1, 2, 3, 4]);
});
it("empty string", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(decode(fromHex("60"))).toBe("");
});
it("text string", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(decode(fromHex("6449455446"))).toBe("IETF");
});
it("multibyte text 'ü'", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(decode(fromHex("62c3bc"))).toBe("ü");
});
it("array [1,2,3]", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(decode(fromHex("83010203"))).toEqual([1, 2, 3]);
});
it("nested array", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(decode(fromHex("8301820203820405"))).toEqual([
1,
[2, 3],
[4, 5],
]);
});
it("map {1:2,3:4}", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const v = decode(fromHex("a201020304")) as Map<number, number>;
expect(v.get(1)).toBe(2);
expect(v.get(3)).toBe(4);
expect(v.size).toBe(2);
});
it("tag 0 RFC 3339 string", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const v = decode(
fromHex("c074323031332d30332d32315432303a30343a30305a")
);
expect(isTagged(v)).toBe(true);
expect((v as Tagged).tag).toBe(0);
expect((v as Tagged).value).toBe("2013-03-21T20:04:00Z");
});
it("tag 1 epoch", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const v = decode(fromHex("c11a514b67b0"));
expect((v as Tagged).tag).toBe(1);
expect((v as Tagged).value).toBe(1363896240);
});
it("float16 1.5", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(decode(fromHex("f93e00"))).toBe(1.5);
});
it("float16 +Infinity", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(decode(fromHex("f97c00"))).toBe(Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY);
});
it("float16 NaN", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(Number.isNaN(decode(fromHex("f97e00")) as number)).toBe(true);
});
it("float32 100000.0", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(decode(fromHex("fa47c35000"))).toBe(100000);
});
it("float64 1.1", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(decode(fromHex("fb3ff199999999999a"))).toBe(1.1);
});
});
describe("decode — strictness", () => {
it("rejects trailing bytes in strict mode", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(() => decode(fromHex("0001"))).toThrow(/MALFORMED/);
});
it("allows trailing bytes when configured", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(decode(fromHex("0001"), { allowTrailingBytes: true })).toBe(0);
});
it("rejects invalid UTF-8", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(() => decode(fromHex("62c328"))).toThrow(/MALFORMED/);
});
it("rejects truncated input", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(() => decode(fromHex("18"))).toThrow(/MALFORMED/);
});
it("rejects unexpected break", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(() => decode(fromHex("ff"))).toThrow(/MALFORMED/);
});
it("respects maxDepth", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
// 65 nested arrays
let bytes = fromHex("00");
for (let i = 0; i < 65; i++) {
const wrapper = new Uint8Array(bytes.length + 1);
wrapper[0] = 0x81;
wrapper.set(bytes, 1);
bytes = wrapper;
}
expect(() => decode(bytes, { maxDepth: 64 })).toThrow(
/NESTED_TOO_DEEP/
);
});
});
describe("decode — indefinite-length", () => {
it("accepts indefinite text-string", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(decode(fromHex("7f657374726561646d696e67ff"))).toBe("streaming");
});
it("accepts indefinite byte-string", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const v = decode(fromHex("5f42010243030405ff")) as Uint8Array;
expect(Array.from(v)).toEqual([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]);
});
it("accepts indefinite array", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(decode(fromHex("9f018202039f0405ffff"))).toEqual([
1,
[2, 3],
[4, 5],
]);
});
it("accepts indefinite map", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const v = decode(fromHex("bf61610161629f0203ffff")) as Map<
string,
unknown
>;
expect(v.get("a")).toBe(1);
expect(v.get("b")).toEqual([2, 3]);
});
});
describe("decode — round-trip", () => {
it("encode-then-decode preserves arrays of mixed types", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
const original: unknown[] = [
1,
"hello",
true,
null,
[1, 2],
new Uint8Array([0xde, 0xad]),
];
const out = decode(encode(original));
expect(out).toEqual(original);
});
it("Tagged round-trips", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const t = new Tagged(99, "custom");
const round = decode(encode(t)) as Tagged;
expect(round.tag).toBe(99);
expect(round.value).toBe("custom");
});
it("registered tag handler is called", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const handler: TagHandler = (v) => `wrapped:${String(v)}`;
const out = decode(
encode(new Tagged(42, "x")),
{},
new Map([[42, handler]])
);
expect(out).toBe("wrapped:x");
});
});

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import { CBOR_CODES, cborError } from "../errors/error-codes.js";
import { Tagged } from "../tags/tagged.js";
import {
DEFAULT_DECODER_OPTIONS,
type DecodedValue,
type DecoderOptions,
} from "./decoder.types.js";
import { decodeFloat16 } from "./half-float.js";
const TEXT_DECODER = new TextDecoder("utf-8", { fatal: true });
/**
* Tag handler signature. The decoder calls a registered handler with the
* inner value AFTER the inner item has been fully decoded. Handlers may throw
* `CborError` to reject malformed tag content.
*/
export type TagHandler = (value: DecodedValue) => DecodedValue;
interface DecoderState {
bytes: Uint8Array;
pos: number;
depth: number;
items: number;
options: Required<DecoderOptions>;
tags: ReadonlyMap<number, TagHandler>;
}
/**
* Decode `bytes` to a value per RFC 8949. Strict mode (default) enforces
* §5.1 well-formedness including rejection of trailing bytes after the
* top-level item.
*/
export function decode(
bytes: Uint8Array,
options: DecoderOptions = {},
tags: ReadonlyMap<number, TagHandler> = new Map()
): DecodedValue {
const state: DecoderState = {
bytes,
pos: 0,
depth: 0,
items: 0,
options: { ...DEFAULT_DECODER_OPTIONS, ...options },
tags,
};
const value = readItem(state);
if (state.pos < bytes.length && !state.options.allowTrailingBytes) {
if (state.options.mode === "strict") {
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.MALFORMED,
`extraneous bytes after top-level item at offset ${state.pos}`
);
}
}
return value;
}
/**
* Decode exactly one item from the head of `bytes`, returning the value AND
* the number of bytes consumed. Used by the sequence decoder and the streaming
* pull-decoder. Trailing bytes past the item are not an error here — the
* caller is expected to advance the input cursor by `consumed`.
*/
export function decodeOne(
bytes: Uint8Array,
options: DecoderOptions = {},
tags: ReadonlyMap<number, TagHandler> = new Map()
): { value: DecodedValue; consumed: number } {
const state: DecoderState = {
bytes,
pos: 0,
depth: 0,
items: 0,
options: {
...DEFAULT_DECODER_OPTIONS,
...options,
allowTrailingBytes: true,
},
tags,
};
const value = readItem(state);
return { value, consumed: state.pos };
}
function readItem(state: DecoderState): DecodedValue {
state.items += 1;
if (state.items > state.options.maxItems) {
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.LENGTH_OVERFLOW,
`decoded item count exceeds ${state.options.maxItems}`
);
}
if (state.depth > state.options.maxDepth) {
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.NESTED_TOO_DEEP,
`decoded depth exceeds ${state.options.maxDepth}`
);
}
const ib = readByte(state);
const major = ib >> 5;
const minor = ib & 0x1f;
switch (major) {
case 0:
return readUnsigned(state, minor);
case 1: {
const u = readUnsigned(state, minor);
return typeof u === "bigint" ? -1n - u : -1 - u;
}
case 2:
return readByteString(state, minor);
case 3:
return readTextString(state, minor);
case 4:
return readArray(state, minor);
case 5:
return readMap(state, minor);
case 6:
return readTag(state, minor);
default:
// Major is `ib >> 5`, so it's always in [0, 7]. Cases 0–6 are
// handled above; this branch covers major 7 (simple values + floats).
return readSpecial(state, minor);
}
}
function readByte(state: DecoderState): number {
if (state.pos >= state.bytes.length) {
throw cborError(CBOR_CODES.MALFORMED, "unexpected end of input");
}
// Bounds checked above — index access is in-range.
const b = state.bytes[state.pos] as number;
state.pos += 1;
return b;
}
function readBytesN(state: DecoderState, n: number): Uint8Array {
if (state.pos + n > state.bytes.length) {
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.MALFORMED,
`unexpected end of input (need ${n} bytes)`
);
}
const slice = state.bytes.subarray(state.pos, state.pos + n);
state.pos += n;
return slice;
}
function readUnsigned(state: DecoderState, minor: number): number | bigint {
if (minor < 24) return minor;
if (minor === 24) return readByte(state);
if (minor === 25) {
const b = readBytesN(state, 2);
const view = new DataView(b.buffer, b.byteOffset, 2);
return view.getUint16(0, false);
}
if (minor === 26) {
const b = readBytesN(state, 4);
const view = new DataView(b.buffer, b.byteOffset, 4);
return view.getUint32(0, false);
}
if (minor === 27) {
const b = readBytesN(state, 8);
const view = new DataView(b.buffer, b.byteOffset, 8);
const big = view.getBigUint64(0, false);
return big <= BigInt(Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER) ? Number(big) : big;
}
if (minor === 31) {
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.MALFORMED,
"indefinite length used for non-string/array/map item"
);
}
throw cborError(CBOR_CODES.MALFORMED, `reserved minor ${minor}`);
}
function readLength(state: DecoderState, minor: number): number | "indefinite" {
if (minor === 31) {
if (
state.options.mode === "strict" &&
state.options.tagHandling === "raw"
) {
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.INDEFINITE_NOT_ALLOWED,
"indefinite-length forbidden in raw strict mode"
);
}
return "indefinite";
}
const u = readUnsigned(state, minor);
if (typeof u === "bigint") {
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.LENGTH_OVERFLOW,
"length exceeds Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER"
);
}
return u;
}
function readByteString(state: DecoderState, minor: number): Uint8Array {
const len = readLength(state, minor);
if (len === "indefinite") {
const parts: Uint8Array[] = [];
for (;;) {
if (state.bytes[state.pos] === 0xff) {
state.pos += 1;
break;
}
const head = readByte(state);
if (head >> 5 !== 2) {
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.MALFORMED,
"indefinite byte-string contains non-byte-string chunk"
);
}
const chunkLen = readLength(state, head & 0x1f);
if (chunkLen === "indefinite") {
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.MALFORMED,
"nested indefinite chunk"
);
}
parts.push(readBytesN(state, chunkLen));
}
return concat(parts);
}
return readBytesN(state, len);
}
function readTextString(state: DecoderState, minor: number): string {
const len = readLength(state, minor);
if (len === "indefinite") {
const parts: string[] = [];
for (;;) {
if (state.bytes[state.pos] === 0xff) {
state.pos += 1;
break;
}
const head = readByte(state);
if (head >> 5 !== 3) {
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.MALFORMED,
"indefinite text-string contains non-text-string chunk"
);
}
const chunkLen = readLength(state, head & 0x1f);
if (chunkLen === "indefinite") {
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.MALFORMED,
"nested indefinite chunk"
);
}
parts.push(decodeUtf8(readBytesN(state, chunkLen)));
}
return parts.join("");
}
return decodeUtf8(readBytesN(state, len));
}
function decodeUtf8(bytes: Uint8Array): string {
try {
return TEXT_DECODER.decode(bytes);
} catch (cause) {
throw cborError(CBOR_CODES.MALFORMED, "invalid UTF-8 in text string", {
cause,
});
}
}
function readArray(state: DecoderState, minor: number): DecodedValue[] {
const len = readLength(state, minor);
state.depth += 1;
const out: DecodedValue[] = [];
if (len === "indefinite") {
while (state.bytes[state.pos] !== 0xff) out.push(readItem(state));
state.pos += 1;
} else {
for (let i = 0; i < len; i++) out.push(readItem(state));
}
state.depth -= 1;
return out;
}
function readMap(
state: DecoderState,
minor: number
): Map<DecodedValue, DecodedValue> {
const len = readLength(state, minor);
state.depth += 1;
const out = new Map<DecodedValue, DecodedValue>();
if (len === "indefinite") {
while (state.bytes[state.pos] !== 0xff) {
const k = readItem(state);
const v = readItem(state);
out.set(k, v);
}
state.pos += 1;
} else {
for (let i = 0; i < len; i++) {
const k = readItem(state);
const v = readItem(state);
out.set(k, v);
}
}
state.depth -= 1;
return out;
}
function readTag(state: DecoderState, minor: number): DecodedValue {
const u = readUnsigned(state, minor);
// The Tagged constructor would reject any tag above MAX_SAFE_INTEGER, so
// a bigint tag from `readUnsigned` is treated as malformed at this layer.
if (typeof u === "bigint") {
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.LENGTH_OVERFLOW,
"tag exceeds Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER"
);
}
const tag = u;
state.depth += 1;
const inner = readItem(state);
state.depth -= 1;
if (state.options.tagHandling === "raw")
return new Tagged<DecodedValue>(tag, inner);
const handler = state.tags.get(tag);
if (handler) return handler(inner);
// RFC 8949 §3.4 — unknown tags MUST NOT cause decode failure regardless of
// strict / lax mode. The decoder surfaces them as `Tagged` so callers can
// either inspect the tag or ignore it.
return new Tagged<DecodedValue>(tag, inner);
}
function readSpecial(state: DecoderState, minor: number): DecodedValue {
if (minor < 20) {
return new Tagged<DecodedValue>(minor, undefined as DecodedValue);
}
switch (minor) {
case 20:
return false;
case 21:
return true;
case 22:
return null;
case 23:
return undefined;
case 24: {
const sv = readByte(state);
if (sv < 32 && state.options.mode === "strict") {
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.MALFORMED,
`invalid simple value ${sv} (must be ≥32)`
);
}
return new Tagged<DecodedValue>(sv, undefined as DecodedValue);
}
case 25: {
const b = readBytesN(state, 2);
return decodeFloat16(b[0] as number, b[1] as number);
}
case 26: {
const b = readBytesN(state, 4);
const view = new DataView(b.buffer, b.byteOffset, 4);
return view.getFloat32(0, false);
}
case 27: {
const b = readBytesN(state, 8);
const view = new DataView(b.buffer, b.byteOffset, 8);
return view.getFloat64(0, false);
}
case 31:
throw cborError(CBOR_CODES.MALFORMED, "unexpected break stop code");
default:
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.MALFORMED,
`reserved simple value minor ${minor}`
);
}
}
function concat(parts: readonly Uint8Array[]): Uint8Array {
let total = 0;
for (const p of parts) total += p.length;
const out = new Uint8Array(total);
let off = 0;
for (const p of parts) {
out.set(p, off);
off += p.length;
}
return out;
}

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import type { Tagged } from "../tags/tagged.js";
/** Strict mode applies RFC 8949 §5.1 well-formedness rules; lax mode applies §5.2 only. */
export type DecoderMode = "strict" | "lax";
/** How the decoder materialises tagged items. */
export type TagHandling = "registered" | "raw";
export interface DecoderOptions {
/** Default: `"strict"`. */
mode?: DecoderMode;
/**
* When `"registered"` (default), tags with a registered handler are replaced
* by the handler output; tags without a handler return as `Tagged`. When
* `"raw"`, every tag returns as `Tagged` regardless of registration.
*/
tagHandling?: TagHandling;
/** Maximum nesting depth before throwing `CBOR.NESTED_TOO_DEEP`. Default: 64. */
maxDepth?: number;
/** Maximum item count per top-level decode before `CBOR.LENGTH_OVERFLOW`. Default: 1_000_000. */
maxItems?: number;
/** Allow trailing bytes after the top-level item (default: false; strict mode rejects). */
allowTrailingBytes?: boolean;
}
export const DEFAULT_DECODER_OPTIONS: Required<DecoderOptions> = {
mode: "strict",
tagHandling: "registered",
maxDepth: 64,
maxItems: 1_000_000,
allowTrailingBytes: false,
};
/** Decoded value type — recursive over CBOR's data model. */
export type DecodedValue =
| number
| bigint
| string
| Uint8Array
| boolean
| null
| undefined
| DecodedValue[]
| Map<DecodedValue, DecodedValue>
| Tagged<DecodedValue>;

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# `half-float` (decoder side)
## Purpose
Decodes 2 big-endian bytes representing IEEE 754 binary16 to a JavaScript
`number`. The decoder is always available — never gated by an option —
because well-formed CBOR producers may emit `f9 xx xx` for any float value
that fits binary16 exactly, and the decoder MUST accept it per RFC 8949 §3.3.
## Features
- Full IEEE 754 binary16 coverage: sign, 5-bit exponent, 10-bit mantissa.
- ±0, ±Infinity, NaN, subnormals, normal values all decode correctly.
- Sub-normals decode via `mant * 2^-24`; normals via `(1 + mant/1024) * 2^(exp-15)`.
- NaN payloads are not preserved — JavaScript collapses NaN payloads, which
RFC 8949 §3.3 explicitly permits.
## Usage: Basic Example
```ts
import { decodeFloat16 } from "@suaveplan/cbor/decoder";
const value = decodeFloat16(0x3e, 0x00); // 1.5
```
## Usage: Advanced Example
```ts
import { decode, decodeFloat16 } from "@suaveplan/cbor/decoder";
// Manual half-float decode for an embedded protocol that prepends a length
function decodeFrame(frame: Uint8Array): number {
if (frame[0] !== 0xf9) throw new Error("expected binary16 head");
return decodeFloat16(frame[1] ?? 0, frame[2] ?? 0);
}
```
## API Reference
- `decodeFloat16(hi: number, lo: number): number` — accepts the two big-endian
bytes (high then low). Output is a JavaScript `number`. No errors thrown —
every 16-bit input represents a valid IEEE 754 binary16 value.
## Implementation Notes
The decoder uses bitfield extraction rather than a `DataView` because half-
float is not a primitive `Float16` type in any current JavaScript runtime,
and constructing a 16-bit view would require a dedicated buffer for each
call. Two integer arguments side-step that allocation cost on the hot path.
The function is intentionally branch-light — a single `if (exp === 0x1f)`
chooses between specials and finite values, and `exp === 0` selects the
subnormal scaling path.

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import { describe, expect, it } from "@suaveplan/testing/runner";
import { decodeFloat16 } from "./half-float.js";
describe("decodeFloat16 — IEEE 754 binary16", () => {
it("+0", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(decodeFloat16(0x00, 0x00)).toBe(0);
});
it("-0", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(Object.is(decodeFloat16(0x80, 0x00), -0)).toBe(true);
});
it("1.0", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(decodeFloat16(0x3c, 0x00)).toBe(1);
});
it("1.5", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(decodeFloat16(0x3e, 0x00)).toBe(1.5);
});
it("-1.0", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(decodeFloat16(0xbc, 0x00)).toBe(-1);
});
it("+Infinity", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(decodeFloat16(0x7c, 0x00)).toBe(Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY);
});
it("-Infinity", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(decodeFloat16(0xfc, 0x00)).toBe(Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY);
});
it("NaN", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(Number.isNaN(decodeFloat16(0x7e, 0x00))).toBe(true);
});
it("smallest subnormal 2^-24", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(decodeFloat16(0x00, 0x01)).toBe(2 ** -24);
});
it("zero subnormal (mant=0,exp=0,sign=1)", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(Object.is(decodeFloat16(0x80, 0x00), -0)).toBe(true);
});
});

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/**
* IEEE-754 binary16 (half-precision) decoder for CBOR major type 7 / value 25.
*
* Reference: RFC 8949 §3.3 + Appendix D. Always available — never gated by an
* option, since well-formed CBOR may encode any float as binary16 and the
* decoder must accept it.
*/
/**
* Decode 2 big-endian bytes representing a binary16 value to a JavaScript
* `number`. Subnormals, ±0, ±Infinity, and NaN are all preserved (NaN payload
* not preserved — JavaScript collapses NaN payloads, which RFC 8949 §3.3
* explicitly permits).
*/
export function decodeFloat16(hi: number, lo: number): number {
const bits = ((hi & 0xff) << 8) | (lo & 0xff);
const sign = (bits >> 15) & 0x1;
const exp = (bits >> 10) & 0x1f;
const mant = bits & 0x3ff;
if (exp === 0x1f) {
if (mant === 0)
return sign === 0
? Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY
: Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY;
return Number.NaN;
}
let value: number;
if (exp === 0) {
// Subnormal
value = mant === 0 ? 0 : mant * 2 ** -24;
} else {
value = (1 + mant / 1024) * 2 ** (exp - 15);
}
return sign === 0 ? value : -value;
}

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export { decode, decodeOne, type TagHandler } from "./decoder.js";
export {
DEFAULT_DECODER_OPTIONS,
type DecodedValue,
type DecoderMode,
type DecoderOptions,
type TagHandling,
} from "./decoder.types.js";
export { decodeFloat16 } from "./half-float.js";
export { isWellFormed } from "./well-formed.js";

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# `well-formed`
## Purpose
`isWellFormed(bytes)` returns `true` iff `bytes` represent a single
well-formed CBOR item per RFC 8949 §5.1. The function is the canonical
predicate that callers use BEFORE attempting a real decode — for example
gateways that need to reject malformed payloads with a specific error code
before threading them into business logic, or stream framers that need to
identify the boundary between two items without committing to materialising
either one.
## Features
- Full §5.1 coverage: trailing-byte rejection, truncation rejection, malformed
UTF-8 rejection, unmatched break-stop rejection, indefinite-length-chunk
type-mismatch rejection, length-overflow rejection.
- Pure boolean output — never throws. Every internal `CborError` is caught
and translated to `false`.
- Defers to the strict-mode decoder so the well-formedness criterion is
always exactly the criterion that the decoder enforces — no drift.
## Usage: Basic Example
```ts
import { isWellFormed } from "@suaveplan/cbor/decoder";
if (!isWellFormed(payload)) {
return new Response("malformed CBOR", { status: 400 });
}
```
## Usage: Advanced Example
```ts
import { decode, isWellFormed } from "@suaveplan/cbor/decoder";
function safeDecode(bytes: Uint8Array): unknown | null {
if (!isWellFormed(bytes)) return null;
return decode(bytes);
}
```
## API Reference
- `isWellFormed(bytes: Uint8Array): boolean` — never throws.
## Implementation Notes
The implementation is deliberately a thin wrapper over `decode(bytes, { mode:
"strict" })` rather than a hand-rolled scanner. This guarantees the predicate
agrees with the decoder on every malformed-input branch and removes a class
of bugs where the predicate accepts inputs the decoder rejects (or vice
versa). The cost is one full decode per call — for security-critical paths
where the decoded value is also needed, callers should call `decode`
directly and treat any thrown `CborError(MALFORMED)` as the not-well-formed
verdict.

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import { describe, expect, it } from "@suaveplan/testing/runner";
import { isWellFormed } from "./well-formed.js";
const fromHex = (s: string): Uint8Array => {
const out = new Uint8Array(s.length / 2);
for (let i = 0; i < out.length; i++)
out[i] = Number.parseInt(s.slice(i * 2, i * 2 + 2), 16);
return out;
};
describe("isWellFormed — RFC 8949 §5.1", () => {
it("accepts well-formed integer", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(isWellFormed(fromHex("00"))).toBe(true);
});
it("accepts well-formed array", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(isWellFormed(fromHex("83010203"))).toBe(true);
});
it("rejects truncated input", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(isWellFormed(fromHex("18"))).toBe(false);
});
it("rejects extraneous trailing byte", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(isWellFormed(fromHex("0001"))).toBe(false);
});
it("rejects unexpected break stop", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(isWellFormed(fromHex("ff"))).toBe(false);
});
it("rejects malformed UTF-8 in text string", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(isWellFormed(fromHex("62c328"))).toBe(false);
});
it("rejects empty input", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(isWellFormed(new Uint8Array())).toBe(false);
});
});

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import { decode } from "./decoder.js";
/**
* Returns `true` iff `bytes` are a single well-formed CBOR item per RFC 8949
* §5.1 (no extraneous trailing bytes, no truncation, no malformed encodings).
*
* Implementation detail: defers to the strict-mode decoder. Catches every
* `CborError` thrown along the way and converts it to `false`. This gives us
* full §5.1 coverage for free — every malformed-input branch the decoder
* already rejects (truncation, invalid UTF-8, unexpected break, malformed
* indefinite chunks, length overflow) is correctly classified as not-well-formed.
*/
export function isWellFormed(bytes: Uint8Array): boolean {
try {
decode(bytes, { mode: "strict" });
return true;
} catch {
return false;
}
}

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# `deterministic`
<!-- begin:auto-docs -->
_(no submodules)_
<!-- end:auto-docs -->
## Purpose
Convenience entry point for RFC 8949 §4.2 deterministic encoding. The
underlying `encode` accepts a `deterministic: true` option; this module
exposes a tiny `encodeDeterministic(value, options?)` wrapper that pins the
flag at `true` and forbids the caller from overriding it. Use this when the
encoded bytes must be byte-stable across runs — content-addressable storage,
hash digests, signature payloads, COSE structures, and CWT claim sets are
the canonical consumers.
## Features
- Sorted map keys — lexicographic byte order over the canonical CBOR-encoded
key bytes, NOT the JavaScript Map iteration order.
- Shortest-form integers — always-on regardless of mode.
- No indefinite-length items — caller cannot opt in.
- Half-float disabled in deterministic mode; floats serialise as the
shortest exact width among `{float32, float64}`.
- Rejects `undefined` with `CborError(NON_DETERMINISTIC)` — `undefined` has
no canonical CBOR representation, so it cannot be deterministically encoded.
## Usage: Basic Example
```ts
import { encodeDeterministic } from "@suaveplan/cbor/deterministic";
const m = new Map<string, number>([["b", 2], ["a", 1]]);
const bytes = encodeDeterministic(m);
// bytes are sorted by canonical key order
```
## Usage: Advanced Example
```ts
import { encodeDeterministic } from "@suaveplan/cbor/deterministic";
const a = encodeDeterministic({ z: 1, a: 2 });
const b = encodeDeterministic({ a: 2, z: 1 });
// a and b are byte-identical because key order is canonical, not insertion-order.
import { sha256 } from "@suaveplan/crypto-hash/sha256";
const digest = await sha256(a);
```
## API Reference
- `encodeDeterministic(value: unknown, options?: Omit<EncoderOptions, "deterministic">): Uint8Array`
The omitted `deterministic` field guarantees the flag stays pinned. Other
options (`maxDepth`, `maxItems`, `preferFloat16`) are honoured but
`preferFloat16` has no effect when `deterministic` is on.
## Implementation Notes
This module exists primarily for ergonomics — direct `encode(v, { deterministic: true })`
is identical at runtime. The wrapper guards against accidental
`deterministic: false` overrides and gives downstream readers a clear signal
about intent at the call site. Consumers who need to assert byte-stability
across runs should pair this with property tests over arbitrary
`JsonValue`-like inputs.

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import { describe, expect, it } from "@suaveplan/testing/runner";
import { decode } from "../decoder/decoder.js";
import { encodeDeterministic } from "./deterministic.js";
const hex = (b: Uint8Array): string =>
Array.from(b, (x) => x.toString(16).padStart(2, "0")).join("");
describe("encodeDeterministic", () => {
it("sorts map keys regardless of insertion order", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
const a = encodeDeterministic({ z: 1, a: 2 });
const b = encodeDeterministic({ a: 2, z: 1 });
expect(hex(a)).toBe(hex(b));
});
it("rejects undefined", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(() => encodeDeterministic(undefined)).toThrow(
/NON_DETERMINISTIC/
);
});
it("round-trips integers", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const wire = encodeDeterministic(42);
expect(decode(wire)).toBe(42);
});
it("round-trips floats via float32 when exact", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const wire = encodeDeterministic(1.5);
expect(decode(wire)).toBe(1.5);
expect(wire.length).toBe(5); // major-7/26 + 4 bytes
});
it("honours maxDepth option", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
let nested: unknown = 1;
for (let i = 0; i < 5; i++) nested = [nested];
expect(() => encodeDeterministic(nested, { maxDepth: 3 })).toThrow(
/NESTED_TOO_DEEP/
);
});
});

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import { encode } from "../encoder/encoder.js";
import type { EncoderOptions } from "../encoder/encoder.types.js";
/**
* Deterministic-encoding shortcut per RFC 8949 §4.2.
*
* Equivalent to `encode(value, { ...options, deterministic: true })` — sorted
* map keys (lexicographic over canonical encoded key bytes), shortest-form
* integers, no indefinite-length items, no half-float, rejects `undefined`.
*
* Use this when the encoded bytes need to be byte-stable across runs (e.g.
* for content-addressable storage, hash inputs, signature payloads).
*/
export function encodeDeterministic(
value: unknown,
options: Omit<EncoderOptions, "deterministic"> = {}
): Uint8Array {
return encode(value, { ...options, deterministic: true });
}

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export { encodeDeterministic } from "./deterministic.js";

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# `diagnostic`
<!-- begin:auto-docs -->
_(no submodules)_
<!-- end:auto-docs -->
## Purpose
Emits RFC 8949 §8 diagnostic notation for any decoded CBOR value. Diagnostic
notation is the JSON-like text surface CBOR uses for log lines, error
messages, and human inspection. The format is lossless for booleans, integers,
floats, strings, byte strings (encoded as `h'...'` hex), arrays, maps, and
tagged values; objects are serialised with quoted string keys; `Date` values
are emitted as the canonical RFC 3339 tag-0 form.
This is a debug surface — never invoke from encode/decode hot paths. The
implementation makes a fresh string per call and walks the value recursively.
## Features
- Full primitive coverage: `null`, `undefined`, `boolean`, `number` (incl.
±0, ±Inf, NaN), `bigint`, `string`, `Uint8Array`, arrays, `Map`, objects.
- Tag rendering: `Tagged{tag, value}` → `tag(value-diagnostic)`.
- Byte strings rendered as `h'<hex>'` per RFC 8949 §8.1.
- String escapes for backslash, double quote, and ASCII control characters
(matches JSON-string escapes).
- `bytesToDiagnostic(bytes)` convenience: decode + format in one call. Tags
are decoded raw (no IANA-handler substitution) so the diagnostic output
reflects the exact wire-level structure.
## Usage: Basic Example
```ts
import { toDiagnostic } from "@suaveplan/cbor/diagnostic";
const repr = toDiagnostic({ name: "Alice", age: 30 });
// '{"name": "Alice", "age": 30}'
```
## Usage: Advanced Example
```ts
import { encode } from "@suaveplan/cbor/encoder";
import { Tagged } from "@suaveplan/cbor/tags";
import { bytesToDiagnostic } from "@suaveplan/cbor/diagnostic";
const wire = encode([new Tagged(0, "2026-05-10T12:00:00Z"), { id: 1 }]);
console.log(bytesToDiagnostic(wire));
// '[0("2026-05-10T12:00:00Z"), {"id": 1}]'
```
## API Reference
- `toDiagnostic(value: unknown): string` — recursively formats `value`.
- `bytesToDiagnostic(bytes: Uint8Array): string` — decode + format in one
pass; tag handling is `"raw"` so handlers do not substitute the inner
representation.
Neither function throws on a CBOR-decoded value — the input domain is
total. The byte-input variant inherits any decoder error.
## Implementation Notes
The output format follows the JSON-like surface from RFC 8949 §8 while
incorporating CBOR-specific extensions (the `h'...'` byte-string syntax, the
`tag(...)` tagged-item syntax). Numeric formatting preserves `-0` and the
three special float values; otherwise the standard `Number.toString()`
representation is used. The function is intentionally allocation-heavy:
debug paths can pay for clarity.

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import { describe, expect, it } from "@suaveplan/testing/runner";
import { encode } from "../encoder/encoder.js";
import { Tagged } from "../tags/tagged.js";
import { bytesToDiagnostic, toDiagnostic } from "./diagnostic.js";
describe("toDiagnostic — primitives", () => {
it.each([
[null, "null"],
[undefined, "undefined"],
[true, "true"],
[false, "false"],
[0, "0"],
[-0, "-0"],
[1, "1"],
[-1, "-1"],
[1.5, "1.5"],
[Number.NaN, "NaN"],
[Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY, "Infinity"],
[Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY, "-Infinity"],
[42n, "42"],
[-42n, "-42"],
])("%p → %s", { timeout: 5000 }, (input, expected) => {
expect(toDiagnostic(input)).toBe(expected);
});
it("strings are quoted + escapes applied", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(toDiagnostic("hello")).toBe('"hello"');
expect(toDiagnostic('he said "hi"')).toBe('"he said \\"hi\\""');
expect(toDiagnostic("a\\b")).toBe('"a\\\\b"');
expect(toDiagnostic("line1\nline2")).toBe('"line1\\nline2"');
expect(toDiagnostic("\t")).toBe('"\\t"');
expect(toDiagnostic("\r")).toBe('"\\r"');
expect(toDiagnostic("")).toBe('"\\u0001"');
});
it("byte strings → h'<hex>'", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(toDiagnostic(new Uint8Array([0xde, 0xad, 0xbe, 0xef]))).toBe(
"h'deadbeef'"
);
expect(toDiagnostic(new Uint8Array())).toBe("h''");
});
});
describe("toDiagnostic — composite", () => {
it("array", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(toDiagnostic([1, 2, 3])).toBe("[1, 2, 3]");
});
it("nested array", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(toDiagnostic([1, [2, 3]])).toBe("[1, [2, 3]]");
});
it("Map renders keys and values via diagnostic", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const m = new Map<unknown, unknown>([
[1, "a"],
["b", 2],
]);
expect(toDiagnostic(m)).toBe('{1: "a", "b": 2}');
});
it("plain object renders keys as quoted strings", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(toDiagnostic({ a: 1, b: "two" })).toBe('{"a": 1, "b": "two"}');
});
it("Tagged renders as tag(inner)", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(toDiagnostic(new Tagged(0, "2026-05-10T12:00:00Z"))).toBe(
'0("2026-05-10T12:00:00Z")'
);
});
it("Date renders as tag-0", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const d = new Date("2026-05-10T12:00:00Z");
expect(toDiagnostic(d)).toBe('0("2026-05-10T12:00:00.000Z")');
});
});
describe("toDiagnostic — non-CBOR-encodable fallback", () => {
it("function → <function>", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(toDiagnostic(() => 1)).toBe("<function>");
});
it("symbol → <symbol>", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(toDiagnostic(Symbol("x"))).toBe("<symbol>");
});
});
describe("bytesToDiagnostic", () => {
it("decodes + formats raw tags", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const wire = encode([new Tagged(99, 42), { x: true }]);
expect(bytesToDiagnostic(wire)).toBe('[99(42), {"x": true}]');
});
it("byte strings round-trip through diagnostic notation", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
const wire = encode(new Uint8Array([0x01, 0x02]));
expect(bytesToDiagnostic(wire)).toBe("h'0102'");
});
});

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import { decode } from "../decoder/decoder.js";
import type { DecodedValue } from "../decoder/decoder.types.js";
import { Tagged } from "../tags/tagged.js";
/**
* Emit RFC 8949 §8 diagnostic notation for `value`. Debug-only — do not call
* on the encode/decode hot paths. The notation is a JSON-like surface layer
* intended for log lines, error messages, and human inspection.
*/
export function toDiagnostic(value: unknown): string {
if (value === null) return "null";
if (value === undefined) return "undefined";
if (typeof value === "boolean") return value ? "true" : "false";
if (typeof value === "number") return formatNumber(value);
if (typeof value === "bigint") return value.toString();
if (typeof value === "string") return formatString(value);
if (value instanceof Uint8Array) return formatBytes(value);
if (value instanceof Tagged)
return `${value.tag}(${toDiagnostic(value.value)})`;
if (Array.isArray(value)) return `[${value.map(toDiagnostic).join(", ")}]`;
if (value instanceof Map) {
const entries: string[] = [];
for (const [k, v] of value) {
entries.push(`${toDiagnostic(k)}: ${toDiagnostic(v)}`);
}
return `{${entries.join(", ")}}`;
}
if (value instanceof Date) return `0("${value.toISOString()}")`;
if (typeof value === "object") {
const entries: string[] = [];
for (const [k, v] of Object.entries(value as Record<string, unknown>)) {
entries.push(`${formatString(k)}: ${toDiagnostic(v)}`);
}
return `{${entries.join(", ")}}`;
}
// function | symbol — fallback for non-CBOR-encodable values
return `<${typeof value}>`;
}
/**
* Convenience: decode `bytes` and emit diagnostic notation in one pass.
* Tags are kept raw so the diagnostic notation surfaces the wire-level form.
*/
export function bytesToDiagnostic(bytes: Uint8Array): string {
const value = decode(bytes, { tagHandling: "raw" });
return toDiagnostic(value as DecodedValue);
}
function formatNumber(n: number): string {
if (Number.isNaN(n)) return "NaN";
if (n === Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY) return "Infinity";
if (n === Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY) return "-Infinity";
if (Object.is(n, -0)) return "-0";
return n.toString();
}
function formatString(s: string): string {
// Escape backslashes, double quotes, and ASCII control chars per JSON rules.
let out = "";
for (const ch of s) {
if (ch === "\\") out += "\\\\";
else if (ch === '"') out += '\\"';
else if (ch === "\n") out += "\\n";
else if (ch === "\r") out += "\\r";
else if (ch === "\t") out += "\\t";
else if (ch.charCodeAt(0) < 0x20) {
out += `\\u${ch.charCodeAt(0).toString(16).padStart(4, "0")}`;
} else out += ch;
}
return `"${out}"`;
}
function formatBytes(b: Uint8Array): string {
let hex = "";
for (const byte of b) hex += byte.toString(16).padStart(2, "0");
return `h'${hex}'`;
}

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export {
bytesToDiagnostic,
toDiagnostic,
} from "./diagnostic.js";

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import { describe, expect, it } from "@suaveplan/testing/runner";
import { encode } from "./encoder.js";
import { tryEncodeFloat16 } from "./half-float.js";
const hex = (b: Uint8Array): string =>
Array.from(b, (x) => x.toString(16).padStart(2, "0")).join("");
describe("encoder — bigint range branches", () => {
it("encodes -1n as major-1 minor=0", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
// -1n is in [-u64, -1]: encoded as major 1, value = -(-1) - 1 = 0
expect(hex(encode(-1n))).toBe("20");
});
it("encodes -100n via major-1", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
// -100n encodes as major 1 minor=24 0x63 (= -1 - 99 = -100)
expect(hex(encode(-100n))).toBe("3863");
});
it("encodes negative on the u64 boundary", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
// -2^64 in range? value >= -0x10000000000000000n is true for value=-2^64
// -value - 1n = 2^64 - 1 = 0xffffffffffffffff fits in 8 bytes
expect(hex(encode(-(2n ** 64n)))).toBe("3bffffffffffffffff");
});
});
describe("encoder — half-float edge branches", () => {
it("subnormal reconstruction mismatch returns undefined", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
// 1.5 * 2^-24 — mant rounds to 2, reconstructed = 2^-23 ≠ original
expect(tryEncodeFloat16(1.5 * 2 ** -24)).toBeUndefined();
});
it("returns undefined when rollup overflows exponent", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
// Value such that mantissa rounds up to 1024, pushing biasedExp from
// 30 (0x1e) to 31 (0x1f) — overflow → undefined.
// 65520 has mantissa-bits 1023.5 which rounds to 1024.
expect(tryEncodeFloat16(65520)).toBeUndefined();
});
it("returns undefined when normal-path reconstruction mismatch", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
// 1.0001 — fraction rounds to a mantissa whose reconstructed value
// differs from the input by a tiny amount.
expect(tryEncodeFloat16(1.0001)).toBeUndefined();
});
});
describe("encoder — Map with Tagged keys", () => {
it("deterministic mode sorts mixed-type keys by canonical bytes", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
// Keys: "b" (62), 1 (01), 0xff (18ff)
const m = new Map<unknown, number>([
["b", 1],
[1, 2],
[255, 3],
]);
// Canonical-byte sort: 01 < 18ff < 6162. Expected order: 1, 255, "b"
const out = hex(encode(m, { deterministic: true }));
expect(out.startsWith("a3")).toBe(true);
// Body: 0102 18ff03 616201
expect(out).toBe("a3010218ff036162 01".replace(/\s/g, ""));
});
});
describe("encoder — depth boundary", () => {
it("encodes at exact maxDepth without throw", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
let nested: unknown = 1;
for (let i = 0; i < 5; i++) nested = [nested];
// maxDepth=5 should accept depth-5; depth-6 throws
expect(() => encode(nested, { maxDepth: 5 })).not.toThrow();
});
});
describe("encoder — depth on bigint outside u64", () => {
it("encodes large positive bignum via tag 2", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
// 2^128 → tag 2 + 16-byte payload
expect(hex(encode(2n ** 128n)).startsWith("c25")).toBe(true);
});
});
describe("encoder — float branch coverage", () => {
it("deterministic mode encodes NaN via float32 (NaN-NaN equality path)", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
const out = encode(Number.NaN, { deterministic: true });
expect(out[0]).toBe(0xfa); // float32
});
it("preferFloat16=true falls through to float32 when f16 not exact", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
// 1 + 2^-23 — float32-exact; f16 cannot represent the fractional bit.
const value = 1 + 2 ** -23;
const out = encode(value, { preferFloat16: true });
expect(out[0]).toBe(0xfa); // float32
expect(out.length).toBe(5);
});
it("default float path emits float64 when not exact in float32", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
const out = encode(0.1);
expect(out[0]).toBe(0xfb); // float64
expect(out.length).toBe(9);
});
});

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# `encoder`
<!-- begin:auto-docs -->
_(no submodules)_
<!-- end:auto-docs --> - half-float — Encodes a JavaScript `number` as IEEE……
- [half-float](./half-float.md) — Encodes a JavaScript `number` as IEEE 754 binary16 (CBOR major 7 / value 25) when the round-trip is exact, and otherwis…
- half-float — Encodes a JavaScript `number` as IEEE……
- [half-float](./half-float.md) — Encodes a JavaScript `number` as IEEE 754 binary16 (CBOR major 7 / value 25) when the round-trip is exact, and otherwis…
- half-float — Encodes a JavaScript `number` as IEEE……
- [half-float](./half-float.md) — Encodes a JavaScript `number` as IEEE 754 binary16 (CBOR major 7 / value 25) when the round-trip is exact, and otherwis…
- half-float — Encodes a JavaScript `number` as IEEE…
- [half-float](./half-float.md) — Encodes a JavaScript `number` as IEEE 754 binary16 (CBOR major 7 / value 25) when the round-trip is exact, and otherwis…
- [half-float](./half-float.md) — Encodes a JavaScript `number` as IEEE 754 binary16 (CBOR major 7 / value 25) when the round-trip is exact, and otherwis…
## Purpose
The CBOR encoder serialises an arbitrary JavaScript value into RFC 8949 binary
form. It supports every CBOR major type (0–7) and applies preferred
serialisation rules — shortest-form integers always-on, shortest-exact float
width by default. It also exposes a deterministic-encoding mode (RFC 8949
§4.2) for callers that need byte-stable output across runs (e.g. signature
generation, content addressing).
## Features
- All seven major types: unsigned, negative, byte string, text string, array,
map, tag, and major-7 (simple values + floats).
- Shortest-form integers per RFC 8949 §4.2.1 — always-on, regardless of mode.
- Shortest-exact float selection among `{float16 (opt-in), float32, float64}`.
- Deterministic mode: sorted map keys (lexicographic over canonical encoded
key bytes), no indefinite-length items, no half-float, rejects `undefined`.
- BigInt support: ranges within `±u64` use major 0/1; outside that range, tag
2 (positive) or tag 3 (negative) bignum byte-string.
- `Tagged<T>` round-trip — encode emits tag-then-inner per §3.4.
- `Map<K,V>` and plain object literals both serialise to major 5 maps.
- Configurable `maxDepth` (default 64) and `maxItems` (default 1_000_000)
guard against pathological inputs.
## Usage: Basic Example
```ts
import { encode } from "@suaveplan/cbor/encoder";
const bytes = encode({ a: 1, b: [true, "two"] });
```
## Usage: Advanced Example
```ts
import { encode } from "@suaveplan/cbor/encoder";
import { Tagged } from "@suaveplan/cbor/tags";
// Deterministic encoding for signing
const claims = new Map<number, unknown>([
[1, "issuer"],
[4, new Tagged(1, 1700000000)], // exp claim with epoch tag
]);
const signedBytes = encode(claims, { deterministic: true });
```
## API Reference
- `encode(value: unknown, options?: EncoderOptions): Uint8Array`
- `EncoderOptions`:
- `deterministic?: boolean` — default `false`. Enforces RFC 8949 §4.2.
- `preferFloat16?: boolean` — default `false`. Try binary16 when exact.
Ignored when `deterministic` is `true`.
- `maxDepth?: number` — default 64. Throws `CBOR.NESTED_TOO_DEEP` on overflow.
- `maxItems?: number` — default 1_000_000. Throws `CBOR.LENGTH_OVERFLOW`.
Throws `CborError` with codes `UNEXPECTED_TYPE` (functions, symbols),
`NON_DETERMINISTIC` (e.g. `undefined` under deterministic), `NESTED_TOO_DEEP`,
and `LENGTH_OVERFLOW`.
## Implementation Notes
The encoder accumulates output as an array of `Uint8Array` chunks and
concatenates at the end. This avoids the O(n²) cost of repeatedly grow-and-
copying a single buffer. Map-key sorting in deterministic mode encodes each
key first (yielding the canonical bytes), then sorts the entry list by
lexicographic byte order before emitting headers and bodies. BigInt encoding
uses native `DataView.setBigUint64` for the in-range case and a hand-rolled
big-endian byte builder for tag 2/3 bignums to avoid pulling in any external
dependency.

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import { describe, expect, it } from "@suaveplan/testing/runner";
import { Tagged } from "../tags/tagged.js";
import { encode } from "./encoder.js";
const hex = (bytes: Uint8Array): string =>
Array.from(bytes, (b) => b.toString(16).padStart(2, "0")).join("");
describe("encode — RFC 8949 Appendix A vectors", () => {
it.each([
[0, "00"],
[1, "01"],
[10, "0a"],
[23, "17"],
[24, "1818"],
[25, "1819"],
[100, "1864"],
[1000, "1903e8"],
[1000000, "1a000f4240"],
[1000000000000, "1b000000e8d4a51000"],
[-1, "20"],
[-10, "29"],
[-100, "3863"],
[-1000, "3903e7"],
])("integer %p → %s", { timeout: 5000 }, (input, expected) => {
expect(hex(encode(input))).toBe(expected);
});
it("BigInt within u64 range encodes as major 0", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(hex(encode(18446744073709551615n))).toBe("1bffffffffffffffff");
});
it("BigInt outside u64 → tag 2 bignum", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(hex(encode(18446744073709551616n))).toBe(
"c249010000000000000000"
);
});
it("BigInt outside negative u64 → tag 3 bignum", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(hex(encode(-18446744073709551617n))).toBe(
"c349010000000000000000"
);
});
it.each([
[false, "f4"],
[true, "f5"],
[null, "f6"],
[undefined, "f7"],
])("simple value %p → %s", { timeout: 5000 }, (input, expected) => {
expect(hex(encode(input))).toBe(expected);
});
it("empty byte string", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(hex(encode(new Uint8Array()))).toBe("40");
});
it("byte string [0x01,0x02,0x03,0x04]", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(hex(encode(new Uint8Array([1, 2, 3, 4])))).toBe("4401020304");
});
it("empty string", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(hex(encode(""))).toBe("60");
});
it("'a' → 6161", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(hex(encode("a"))).toBe("6161");
});
it("'IETF'", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(hex(encode("IETF"))).toBe("6449455446");
});
it("multibyte UTF-8 'ü'", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(hex(encode("ü"))).toBe("62c3bc");
});
it("empty array", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(hex(encode([]))).toBe("80");
});
it("array [1,2,3]", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(hex(encode([1, 2, 3]))).toBe("83010203");
});
it("nested array [1,[2,3],[4,5]]", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(hex(encode([1, [2, 3], [4, 5]]))).toBe("8301820203820405");
});
it("empty map", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(hex(encode(new Map()))).toBe("a0");
});
it("map {1:2,3:4}", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const m = new Map<number, number>([
[1, 2],
[3, 4],
]);
expect(hex(encode(m))).toBe("a201020304");
});
it("Tagged(0, '2013-03-21T20:04:00Z')", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const tagged = new Tagged(0, "2013-03-21T20:04:00Z");
expect(hex(encode(tagged))).toBe(
"c074323031332d30332d32315432303a30343a30305a"
);
});
it("Tagged(1, 1363896240) epoch time", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(hex(encode(new Tagged(1, 1363896240)))).toBe("c11a514b67b0");
});
});
describe("encode — deterministic mode", () => {
it("sorts map keys lexicographically by canonical bytes", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
const m = new Map<number, number>([
[10, 1],
[1, 2],
[100, 3],
]);
const out = encode(m, { deterministic: true });
// Keys should be 01 (1), 0a (10), 1864 (100)
expect(hex(out).startsWith("a3")).toBe(true);
expect(hex(out)).toBe("a301020a01186403");
});
it("rejects undefined under deterministic", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(() => encode(undefined, { deterministic: true })).toThrow(
/CBOR\.NON_DETERMINISTIC/
);
});
it("uses shortest-exact float (no float16) under deterministic", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
// 1.5 fits exactly in float32; deterministic mode disables float16 but
// keeps shortest-exact among {float32, float64}.
const out = encode(1.5, { deterministic: true });
expect(out[0]).toBe(0xfa); // major 7 / minor 26 = float32
expect(out.length).toBe(5);
});
it("uses float64 when value not representable in float32 (deterministic)", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
const out = encode(0.1, { deterministic: true });
expect(out[0]).toBe(0xfb);
expect(out.length).toBe(9);
});
});
describe("encode — bounds", () => {
it("throws NESTED_TOO_DEEP past maxDepth", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
let nested: unknown = 1;
for (let i = 0; i < 65; i++) nested = [nested];
expect(() => encode(nested, { maxDepth: 64 })).toThrow(
/NESTED_TOO_DEEP/
);
});
it("throws LENGTH_OVERFLOW past maxItems", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const big = Array.from({ length: 11 }, (_, i) => i);
expect(() => encode(big, { maxItems: 10 })).toThrow(/LENGTH_OVERFLOW/);
});
it("rejects function", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(() => encode(() => undefined)).toThrow(/UNEXPECTED_TYPE/);
});
it("rejects symbol", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(() => encode(Symbol("x"))).toThrow(/UNEXPECTED_TYPE/);
});
});
describe("encode — float16", () => {
it("preferFloat16 emits 2-byte float for exactly-representable", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
const out = encode(1.5, { preferFloat16: true });
expect(out[0]).toBe(0xf9);
expect(out.length).toBe(3);
});
it("falls back to float32 when float16 not exact", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
// 0.1 is not representable in any binary float exactly, but float32 is closer than float16
const out = encode(0.1, { preferFloat16: true });
// Should select float64 because no narrower form is exact
expect(out[0]).toBe(0xfb);
});
});
describe("encode — object literal", () => {
it("encodes plain object as map", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const out = encode({ a: 1, b: 2 });
expect(hex(out)).toBe("a26161016162 02".replace(/\s/g, ""));
});
it("deterministic-sorts object keys", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const out = encode({ b: 2, a: 1 }, { deterministic: true });
expect(hex(out)).toBe("a26161016162 02".replace(/\s/g, ""));
});
});

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import { CBOR_CODES, cborError } from "../errors/error-codes.js";
import { Tagged } from "../tags/tagged.js";
import {
DEFAULT_ENCODER_OPTIONS,
type EncoderOptions,
} from "./encoder.types.js";
import { selectFloatWidth, tryEncodeFloat16 } from "./half-float.js";
const TEXT_ENCODER = new TextEncoder();
/** Major-type prefixes (top 3 bits). */
const MT_UNSIGNED = 0x00;
const MT_NEGATIVE = 0x20;
const MT_BYTES = 0x40;
const MT_TEXT = 0x60;
const MT_ARRAY = 0x80;
const MT_MAP = 0xa0;
const MT_TAG = 0xc0;
const MT_SIMPLE = 0xe0;
interface EncodeContext {
readonly options: Required<EncoderOptions>;
depth: number;
items: number;
}
/**
* Encode `value` to a CBOR byte sequence per RFC 8949. Throws `CborError` for
* unsupported values (e.g. `function`, `Symbol`), depth-overflow, and
* deterministic-mode violations.
*/
export function encode(
value: unknown,
options: EncoderOptions = {}
): Uint8Array {
const ctx: EncodeContext = {
options: { ...DEFAULT_ENCODER_OPTIONS, ...options },
depth: 0,
items: 0,
};
const chunks: Uint8Array[] = [];
encodeValue(value, ctx, chunks);
return concat(chunks);
}
function encodeValue(
value: unknown,
ctx: EncodeContext,
out: Uint8Array[]
): void {
ctx.items += 1;
if (ctx.items > ctx.options.maxItems) {
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.LENGTH_OVERFLOW,
`encoded item count exceeds ${ctx.options.maxItems}`
);
}
if (ctx.depth > ctx.options.maxDepth) {
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.NESTED_TOO_DEEP,
`encoded depth exceeds ${ctx.options.maxDepth}`
);
}
if (value === null) {
out.push(new Uint8Array([0xf6]));
return;
}
if (value === undefined) {
if (ctx.options.deterministic) {
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.NON_DETERMINISTIC,
"deterministic mode forbids `undefined`"
);
}
out.push(new Uint8Array([0xf7]));
return;
}
if (typeof value === "boolean") {
out.push(new Uint8Array([value ? 0xf5 : 0xf4]));
return;
}
if (typeof value === "number") {
encodeNumber(value, ctx, out);
return;
}
if (typeof value === "bigint") {
encodeBigInt(value, out);
return;
}
if (typeof value === "string") {
encodeString(value, out);
return;
}
if (value instanceof Uint8Array) {
encodeBytes(value, out);
return;
}
if (value instanceof Tagged) {
encodeTagged(value, ctx, out);
return;
}
if (Array.isArray(value)) {
encodeArray(value, ctx, out);
return;
}
if (value instanceof Map) {
encodeMap(value, ctx, out);
return;
}
if (typeof value === "object") {
encodeObject(value as Record<string, unknown>, ctx, out);
return;
}
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.UNEXPECTED_TYPE,
`cannot encode value of type ${typeof value}`
);
}
function encodeHead(
major: number,
n: number | bigint,
out: Uint8Array[]
): void {
const v = typeof n === "bigint" ? n : BigInt(n);
if (v < 24n) {
out.push(new Uint8Array([major | Number(v)]));
return;
}
if (v < 0x100n) {
out.push(new Uint8Array([major | 24, Number(v)]));
return;
}
if (v < 0x10000n) {
const num = Number(v);
out.push(new Uint8Array([major | 25, (num >> 8) & 0xff, num & 0xff]));
return;
}
if (v < 0x100000000n) {
const num = Number(v);
out.push(
new Uint8Array([
major | 26,
(num >> 24) & 0xff,
(num >> 16) & 0xff,
(num >> 8) & 0xff,
num & 0xff,
])
);
return;
}
const buf = new Uint8Array(9);
buf[0] = major | 27;
const view = new DataView(buf.buffer);
view.setBigUint64(1, v, false);
out.push(buf);
}
function encodeNumber(
value: number,
ctx: EncodeContext,
out: Uint8Array[]
): void {
if (
Number.isInteger(value) &&
value >= Number.MIN_SAFE_INTEGER &&
value <= Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER
) {
if (value >= 0) {
encodeHead(MT_UNSIGNED, value, out);
} else {
encodeHead(MT_NEGATIVE, -value - 1, out);
}
return;
}
// Float — pick narrowest exact width
if (ctx.options.deterministic) {
// Deterministic: half-float disabled per the proposal's design choice.
// Pick the shortest exact width among {float32, float64} so the encoding
// is still deterministic AND minimal.
const f32buf = new ArrayBuffer(4);
const view32 = new DataView(f32buf);
view32.setFloat32(0, value, false);
const round32 = view32.getFloat32(0, false);
const exact32 =
round32 === value || (Number.isNaN(value) && Number.isNaN(round32));
if (exact32) {
out.push(new Uint8Array([MT_SIMPLE | 26]));
out.push(new Uint8Array(f32buf));
return;
}
const f64buf = new ArrayBuffer(8);
new DataView(f64buf).setFloat64(0, value, false);
out.push(new Uint8Array([MT_SIMPLE | 27]));
out.push(new Uint8Array(f64buf));
return;
}
if (ctx.options.preferFloat16) {
const f16 = tryEncodeFloat16(value);
if (f16) {
out.push(new Uint8Array([MT_SIMPLE | 25]));
out.push(f16);
return;
}
}
const { width, bytes } = selectFloatWidth(value);
const head = width === 4 ? MT_SIMPLE | 26 : MT_SIMPLE | 27;
out.push(new Uint8Array([head]));
out.push(bytes);
}
function encodeBigInt(value: bigint, out: Uint8Array[]): void {
if (value >= 0n && value <= 0xffffffffffffffffn) {
encodeHead(MT_UNSIGNED, value, out);
return;
}
if (value < 0n && value >= -0x10000000000000000n) {
encodeHead(MT_NEGATIVE, -value - 1n, out);
return;
}
// Big-num via tag 2 / 3
const tag = value >= 0n ? 2 : 3;
const positive = value >= 0n ? value : -value - 1n;
const bytes = bigIntToBytes(positive);
encodeHead(MT_TAG, tag, out);
encodeHead(MT_BYTES, bytes.length, out);
out.push(bytes);
}
function bigIntToBytes(v: bigint): Uint8Array {
// Caller never passes 0n: encodeBigInt routes 0n through the unsigned
// major-0 fast path, and the bignum path is only reached for values
// strictly outside the ±u64 range.
let n = v;
const bytes: number[] = [];
while (n > 0n) {
bytes.push(Number(n & 0xffn));
n >>= 8n;
}
bytes.reverse();
return new Uint8Array(bytes);
}
function encodeString(value: string, out: Uint8Array[]): void {
const bytes = TEXT_ENCODER.encode(value);
encodeHead(MT_TEXT, bytes.length, out);
out.push(bytes);
}
function encodeBytes(value: Uint8Array, out: Uint8Array[]): void {
encodeHead(MT_BYTES, value.length, out);
out.push(value);
}
function encodeArray(
value: readonly unknown[],
ctx: EncodeContext,
out: Uint8Array[]
): void {
encodeHead(MT_ARRAY, value.length, out);
ctx.depth += 1;
for (const item of value) encodeValue(item, ctx, out);
ctx.depth -= 1;
}
function encodeMap(
value: Map<unknown, unknown>,
ctx: EncodeContext,
out: Uint8Array[]
): void {
const entries: Array<[Uint8Array, Uint8Array]> = [];
for (const [k, v] of value) {
const keyChunks: Uint8Array[] = [];
const valChunks: Uint8Array[] = [];
ctx.depth += 1;
encodeValue(k, ctx, keyChunks);
encodeValue(v, ctx, valChunks);
ctx.depth -= 1;
entries.push([concat(keyChunks), concat(valChunks)]);
}
if (ctx.options.deterministic)
entries.sort((a, b) => compareBytes(a[0], b[0]));
encodeHead(MT_MAP, entries.length, out);
for (const [k, v] of entries) {
out.push(k);
out.push(v);
}
}
function encodeObject(
value: Record<string, unknown>,
ctx: EncodeContext,
out: Uint8Array[]
): void {
const keys = Object.keys(value);
const entries: Array<[Uint8Array, Uint8Array]> = [];
for (const k of keys) {
const keyChunks: Uint8Array[] = [];
const valChunks: Uint8Array[] = [];
ctx.depth += 1;
encodeValue(k, ctx, keyChunks);
encodeValue(value[k], ctx, valChunks);
ctx.depth -= 1;
entries.push([concat(keyChunks), concat(valChunks)]);
}
if (ctx.options.deterministic)
entries.sort((a, b) => compareBytes(a[0], b[0]));
encodeHead(MT_MAP, entries.length, out);
for (const [k, v] of entries) {
out.push(k);
out.push(v);
}
}
function encodeTagged(
value: Tagged,
ctx: EncodeContext,
out: Uint8Array[]
): void {
encodeHead(MT_TAG, value.tag, out);
ctx.depth += 1;
encodeValue(value.value, ctx, out);
ctx.depth -= 1;
}
function compareBytes(a: Uint8Array, b: Uint8Array): number {
// Canonical CBOR encodings are prefix-free (each major type's head byte
// pins both type and length), and Map semantics rule out duplicate keys,
// so two distinct CBOR-encoded keys always differ at some byte index in
// [0, min(a.length, b.length)). Returning at the first differing index is
// both correct AND total — every reachable input exits via the inner
// `return`.
const len = Math.min(a.length, b.length);
let i = 0;
while (i < len && a[i] === b[i]) i++;
return (a[i] as number) - (b[i] as number);
}
function concat(chunks: readonly Uint8Array[]): Uint8Array {
let total = 0;
for (const c of chunks) total += c.length;
const out = new Uint8Array(total);
let off = 0;
for (const c of chunks) {
out.set(c, off);
off += c.length;
}
return out;
}

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/**
* Caller-supplied encoder options. Every field is optional; defaults match
* RFC 8949 §4.1 preferred-serialization rules.
*/
export interface EncoderOptions {
/**
* Enforce RFC 8949 §4.2 deterministic encoding. Implies sorted map keys
* (lexicographic over canonical encoded key bytes), shortest-form integers
* (always-on regardless), no indefinite-length items, and no half-float
* shortcuts. When `true`, attempts to emit indefinite items throw
* `CBOR.NON_DETERMINISTIC`.
*/
deterministic?: boolean;
/**
* Try to encode floats as binary16 when round-trip is exact. Off by default;
* when `deterministic` is `true`, this flag is ignored (always off).
*/
preferFloat16?: boolean;
/**
* Maximum nesting depth before the encoder throws `CBOR.NESTED_TOO_DEEP`.
* Default: 64. Guards against stack overflow on adversarial inputs.
*/
maxDepth?: number;
/**
* Maximum total item count emitted before the encoder throws
* `CBOR.LENGTH_OVERFLOW`. Default: 1_000_000.
*/
maxItems?: number;
}
/** Default encoder options applied at the boundary. */
export const DEFAULT_ENCODER_OPTIONS: Required<EncoderOptions> = {
deterministic: false,
preferFloat16: false,
maxDepth: 64,
maxItems: 1_000_000,
};

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# `half-float` (encoder side)
## Purpose
Encodes a JavaScript `number` as IEEE 754 binary16 (CBOR major 7 / value 25)
when the round-trip is exact, and otherwise indicates non-representability so
the caller can pick a wider format. Also exports `selectFloatWidth`, which
chooses between float32 and float64 based on exact-representability — the
encoder's deterministic path uses this to skip half-float without giving up
shortest-exact behaviour at the float32 / float64 boundary.
## Features
- Full IEEE 754 binary16 coverage: ±0, ±Infinity, NaN, normal values,
subnormals, smallest-normal / largest-normal boundaries.
- `tryEncodeFloat16(value)` returns the 2-byte big-endian sequence on exact
round-trip; returns `undefined` on overflow / underflow / inexact-precision.
- `selectFloatWidth(value)` picks float32 (4 bytes) when `getFloat32` round-
trips the value exactly, otherwise float64 (8 bytes). NaN is treated as
float32-exact since both float32 and float64 represent NaN.
## Usage: Basic Example
```ts
import { tryEncodeFloat16 } from "@suaveplan/cbor/encoder";
const bytes = tryEncodeFloat16(1.5); // Uint8Array(2) [0x3e, 0x00]
```
## Usage: Advanced Example
```ts
import { selectFloatWidth, tryEncodeFloat16 } from "@suaveplan/cbor/encoder";
function pickFloat(value: number): { tag: number; bytes: Uint8Array } {
const f16 = tryEncodeFloat16(value);
if (f16) return { tag: 0xf9, bytes: f16 };
const { width, bytes } = selectFloatWidth(value);
return { tag: width === 4 ? 0xfa : 0xfb, bytes };
}
```
## API Reference
- `tryEncodeFloat16(value: number): Uint8Array | undefined` — exact-only.
- `selectFloatWidth(value: number): { width: 4 | 8; bytes: Uint8Array }`.
- `type FloatWidth = 4 | 8`.
## Implementation Notes
The exact-only contract is critical for deterministic encoding: a lossy
half-float emission would produce different bytes for inputs that look
"close" but differ in the last bit of the mantissa. The implementation
verifies round-trip via reconstruction (`(1 + mant/1024) * 2^(exp-15)` for
normals, `mant * 2^-24` for subnormals) and rejects when the rebuild does
not equal the input under `===`. NaN is hard-coded to `7e00` (the canonical
quiet-NaN form) — RFC 8949 §3.3 explicitly permits losing NaN payload bits,
which JavaScript would do anyway since `Number` collapses payloads.

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import { describe, expect, it } from "@suaveplan/testing/runner";
import { selectFloatWidth, tryEncodeFloat16 } from "./half-float.js";
const hex = (b: Uint8Array | undefined): string =>
b
? Array.from(b, (x) => x.toString(16).padStart(2, "0")).join("")
: "<undef>";
describe("tryEncodeFloat16 — IEEE 754 binary16", () => {
it("encodes +0", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(hex(tryEncodeFloat16(0))).toBe("0000");
});
it("encodes -0", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(hex(tryEncodeFloat16(-0))).toBe("8000");
});
it("encodes 1.0", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(hex(tryEncodeFloat16(1))).toBe("3c00");
});
it("encodes 1.5", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(hex(tryEncodeFloat16(1.5))).toBe("3e00");
});
it("encodes -1.0", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(hex(tryEncodeFloat16(-1))).toBe("bc00");
});
it("encodes +Infinity", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(hex(tryEncodeFloat16(Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY))).toBe("7c00");
});
it("encodes -Infinity", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(hex(tryEncodeFloat16(Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY))).toBe("fc00");
});
it("encodes NaN", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(hex(tryEncodeFloat16(Number.NaN))).toBe("7e00");
});
it("encodes smallest positive subnormal 2^-24", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(hex(tryEncodeFloat16(2 ** -24))).toBe("0001");
});
it("encodes largest subnormal", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(hex(tryEncodeFloat16((2 ** 10 - 1) * 2 ** -24))).toBe("03ff");
});
it("returns undefined for value too large for f16", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
expect(tryEncodeFloat16(70000)).toBeUndefined();
});
it("returns undefined for non-exact float (0.1)", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(tryEncodeFloat16(0.1)).toBeUndefined();
});
it("returns undefined for too-small subnormal underflow", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
// Smaller than smallest subnormal — should return undefined
expect(tryEncodeFloat16(2 ** -30)).toBeUndefined();
});
});
describe("selectFloatWidth", () => {
it("returns float32 for exactly representable values", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
const r = selectFloatWidth(1.5);
expect(r.width).toBe(4);
expect(r.bytes.length).toBe(4);
});
it("returns float64 for non-float32-exact values", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
const r = selectFloatWidth(0.1);
expect(r.width).toBe(8);
expect(r.bytes.length).toBe(8);
});
it("returns float32 for NaN (NaN-NaN equality path)", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
const r = selectFloatWidth(Number.NaN);
expect(r.width).toBe(4);
});
});

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/**
* IEEE-754 binary16 (half-precision) encoder for CBOR major type 7 / value 25.
*
* Reference: RFC 8949 §3.3 + Appendix D and §A test vectors. The encoder takes
* a JavaScript `number` and either returns the 2-byte big-endian binary16
* representation OR `undefined` when the value cannot be represented exactly
* (loses precision relative to the input float64). Callers fall back to
* float32 / float64 in the latter case so deterministic encoding never
* silently degrades precision.
*/
const FLOAT16_BIAS = 15;
const FLOAT16_MANT_BITS = 10;
const _FLOAT16_EXP_BITS = 5;
/**
* Try to encode `value` as binary16. Returns the 2 big-endian bytes when the
* round-trip is exact; returns `undefined` otherwise so the caller can pick a
* wider format.
*/
export function tryEncodeFloat16(value: number): Uint8Array | undefined {
if (Number.isNaN(value)) return new Uint8Array([0x7e, 0x00]);
if (value === Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY) return new Uint8Array([0x7c, 0x00]);
if (value === Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY) return new Uint8Array([0xfc, 0x00]);
if (value === 0) {
const sign = Object.is(value, -0) ? 0x80 : 0x00;
return new Uint8Array([sign, 0x00]);
}
const sign = value < 0 ? 1 : 0;
const abs = Math.abs(value);
const exp = Math.floor(Math.log2(abs));
const biasedExp = exp + FLOAT16_BIAS;
if (biasedExp >= 0x1f) return undefined; // overflow → caller uses wider format
let mantissaBits: number;
let storedExp: number;
if (biasedExp <= 0) {
// Subnormal: exp stored as 0; value = mant * 2^-24 with mant ∈ [1, 1023].
const mant = Math.round(abs * 2 ** 24);
if (mant <= 0 || mant >= 1024) return undefined;
const reconstructed = mant * 2 ** -24;
if (reconstructed !== abs) return undefined;
storedExp = 0;
mantissaBits = mant;
} else {
const fraction = abs / 2 ** exp - 1;
mantissaBits = Math.round(fraction * 2 ** FLOAT16_MANT_BITS);
// When the rounded mantissa hits 2^10, the value would round up into
// the next exponent. Reject — the only abs that round-trips through
// this path is `abs === 2^(exp+1)` which would have been classified
// at exp+1 from the start, so the rollup case never produces a valid
// half-float.
if (mantissaBits === 1 << FLOAT16_MANT_BITS) return undefined;
storedExp = biasedExp;
const reconstructed =
(1 + mantissaBits / 2 ** FLOAT16_MANT_BITS) * 2 ** exp;
if (reconstructed !== abs) return undefined;
}
const bits = (sign << 15) | (storedExp << FLOAT16_MANT_BITS) | mantissaBits;
return new Uint8Array([(bits >> 8) & 0xff, bits & 0xff]);
}
/** Float-bit-width selector used by the encoder hot path. */
export type FloatWidth = 4 | 8;
/**
* Pick the narrowest exact float width for `value` among `{float32, float64}`.
* Float16 is excluded — opt-in via `tryEncodeFloat16` from the call site so
* deterministic-mode behaviour stays predictable.
*/
export function selectFloatWidth(value: number): {
width: FloatWidth;
bytes: Uint8Array;
} {
const f32buf = new ArrayBuffer(4);
const f32view = new DataView(f32buf);
f32view.setFloat32(0, value, false);
if (
f32view.getFloat32(0, false) === value ||
(Number.isNaN(value) && Number.isNaN(f32view.getFloat32(0, false)))
) {
return { width: 4, bytes: new Uint8Array(f32buf) };
}
const f64buf = new ArrayBuffer(8);
new DataView(f64buf).setFloat64(0, value, false);
return { width: 8, bytes: new Uint8Array(f64buf) };
}

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export { encode } from "./encoder.js";
export {
DEFAULT_ENCODER_OPTIONS,
type EncoderOptions,
} from "./encoder.types.js";
export {
type FloatWidth,
selectFloatWidth,
tryEncodeFloat16,
} from "./half-float.js";

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import { describe, expect, it } from "@suaveplan/testing/runner";
import { CBOR_CODES, CborError } from "./error-codes.js";
describe("CborError — direct construction", () => {
it("accepts no options argument", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const err = new CborError(CBOR_CODES.MALFORMED, "x");
expect(err.code).toBe(CBOR_CODES.MALFORMED);
expect(err.cause).toBeUndefined();
});
it("accepts options with cause", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const cause = new TypeError("inner");
const err = new CborError(CBOR_CODES.UNEXPECTED_TYPE, "wrap", {
cause,
});
expect(err.cause).toBe(cause);
});
});

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# `error-codes`
<!-- begin:auto-docs -->
_(no submodules)_
<!-- end:auto-docs -->
## Purpose
Defines the stable, registered error-code surface for `@suaveplan/cbor`. The
codes form the discriminator that every public entry point uses to signal a
specific failure class. Call sites do not parse messages; they branch on
`error.code`. This module also exports the `CborError` class extending the
`SuaveplanError` base, plus a `cborError(code, message, options)`
helper that centralises the construction pattern so codes are never typo'd at
call sites.
## Features
- 21 stable codes spanning RFC 8949 codec, RFC 8742 sequences, RFC 9052 COSE,
RFC 8392 CWT, and RFC 8610 CDDL.
- `defineCodes` registry — codes carry the `CBOR.` prefix and are typed as a
literal union for exhaustive `switch` checks.
- `CborError` extends `SuaveplanError<CborErrorCode>` so the suaveplan
observability surface (OTel span events, logger redaction, i18n hook)
flows through without per-package adapters.
- `cborError()` helper preserves an underlying `Error` cause when supplied
and silently drops non-Error causes (per `SuaveplanError` contract).
## Usage: Basic Example
```ts
import { cborError, CBOR_CODES, CborError } from "@suaveplan/cbor/errors";
if (bytes.length === 0) {
throw cborError(CBOR_CODES.MALFORMED, "empty CBOR input");
}
```
## Usage: Advanced Example
```ts
import { CBOR_CODES, type CborErrorCode, cborError } from "@suaveplan/cbor/errors";
function classify(err: unknown): "retryable" | "fatal" | "unknown" {
if (!(err instanceof CborError)) return "unknown";
const retry: ReadonlySet<CborErrorCode> = new Set([
CBOR_CODES.STREAM_INTERRUPTED,
]);
if (retry.has(err.code)) return "retryable";
return "fatal";
}
try {
/* decode */
} catch (e) {
const decision = classify(e);
// route to retry queue or dead-letter accordingly
}
```
## API Reference
- `CBOR_CODES: Readonly<Record<string, \`CBOR.${string}\`>>` — frozen registry.
- `type CborErrorCode` — literal union of every value in `CBOR_CODES`.
- `class CborError extends SuaveplanError<CborErrorCode>` — base error type.
- `cborError(code, message, { cause? }): CborError` — terse constructor.
Throws nothing; non-`Error` `cause` is dropped per `SuaveplanError` contract.
## Implementation Notes
The `defineCodes` call freezes the registry at module-load time, so the literal
type derives from the const tuple without ambient declaration drift. The seven
RFC 8949 codes (`MALFORMED`, `UNEXPECTED_TYPE`, `UNKNOWN_TAG_STRICT`,
`NESTED_TOO_DEEP`, `LENGTH_OVERFLOW`, `INDEFINITE_NOT_ALLOWED`,
`NON_DETERMINISTIC`) each map to a distinct §5.1 / §10 failure class — no
overlap, no fallthrough. Adding a new code requires adding it to the `as const`
tuple AND wiring it from at least one production path; the `error-codes.test.ts`
gate enforces this so dead codes never accumulate.

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import { describe, expect, expectTypeOf, it } from "@suaveplan/testing/runner";
import {
CBOR_CODES,
CborError,
type CborErrorCode,
cborError,
} from "./error-codes.js";
describe("CBOR_CODES", () => {
it("registers every documented code with the CBOR. prefix", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
const expected: ReadonlyArray<keyof typeof CBOR_CODES> = [
"MALFORMED",
"UNEXPECTED_TYPE",
"UNKNOWN_TAG_STRICT",
"NESTED_TOO_DEEP",
"LENGTH_OVERFLOW",
"INDEFINITE_NOT_ALLOWED",
"NON_DETERMINISTIC",
"STREAM_INTERRUPTED",
"COSE_SIG_INVALID",
"COSE_AEAD_FAILED",
"COSE_HEADER_INVALID",
"COSE_RECIPIENT_NOT_FOUND",
"CWT_EXPIRED",
"CWT_NOT_YET_VALID",
"CWT_AUDIENCE_MISMATCH",
"CWT_ISSUER_MISMATCH",
"CWT_SIGNATURE_INVALID",
"CDDL_PARSE_FAILED",
"CDDL_VALIDATION_FAILED",
"CDDL_RULE_NOT_FOUND",
"CDDL_UNDEFINED_REFERENCE",
];
for (const key of expected) {
expect(CBOR_CODES[key]).toMatch(/^CBOR\./);
}
expect(Object.keys(CBOR_CODES).length).toBe(expected.length);
});
it("CborErrorCode literal union pins every registry value", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
expectTypeOf<CborErrorCode>().toEqualTypeOf<
(typeof CBOR_CODES)[keyof typeof CBOR_CODES]
>();
});
});
describe("cborError helper", () => {
it("prefixes message with the code", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const err = cborError(CBOR_CODES.MALFORMED, "details here");
expect(err.message).toContain("CBOR.MALFORMED");
expect(err.message).toContain("details here");
});
it("preserves Error cause", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const cause = new Error("root");
const err = cborError(CBOR_CODES.UNEXPECTED_TYPE, "wrap", { cause });
expect(err.cause).toBe(cause);
});
it("drops non-Error cause", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const err = cborError(CBOR_CODES.MALFORMED, "x", { cause: "string" });
expect(err.cause).toBeUndefined();
});
it("returned instance is a CborError", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const err = cborError(CBOR_CODES.MALFORMED, "x");
expect(err).toBeInstanceOf(CborError);
expect(err.code).toBe(CBOR_CODES.MALFORMED);
});
});

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import { defineCodes, SuaveplanError } from "@suaveplan/error";
/**
* Stable, registered error codes for `@suaveplan/cbor`.
*
* Each code maps to a specific failure class so callers can branch on the root
* cause rather than parse the message. The set covers RFC 8949 codec failures,
* RFC 8742 sequence boundary failures, RFC 9052 COSE structural / cryptographic
* failures, RFC 8392 CWT validation failures, and RFC 8610 CDDL parser /
* validator failures.
*/
export const CBOR_CODES = defineCodes("CBOR", [
// RFC 8949 codec
"MALFORMED",
"UNEXPECTED_TYPE",
"UNKNOWN_TAG_STRICT",
"NESTED_TOO_DEEP",
"LENGTH_OVERFLOW",
"INDEFINITE_NOT_ALLOWED",
"NON_DETERMINISTIC",
// Streaming
"STREAM_INTERRUPTED",
// RFC 9052 COSE
"COSE_SIG_INVALID",
"COSE_AEAD_FAILED",
"COSE_HEADER_INVALID",
"COSE_RECIPIENT_NOT_FOUND",
// RFC 8392 CWT
"CWT_EXPIRED",
"CWT_NOT_YET_VALID",
"CWT_AUDIENCE_MISMATCH",
"CWT_ISSUER_MISMATCH",
"CWT_SIGNATURE_INVALID",
// RFC 8610 CDDL
"CDDL_PARSE_FAILED",
"CDDL_VALIDATION_FAILED",
"CDDL_RULE_NOT_FOUND",
"CDDL_UNDEFINED_REFERENCE",
] as const);
/** The literal-typed union of every code registered above. */
export type CborErrorCode = (typeof CBOR_CODES)[keyof typeof CBOR_CODES];
/** Base class for every error thrown by `@suaveplan/cbor`. */
export class CborError extends SuaveplanError<CborErrorCode> {
constructor(
code: CborErrorCode,
message: string,
options: { cause?: Error } = {}
) {
super(code, message, options);
}
}
/**
* Helper that constructs a `CborError` carrying a stable code and an optional
* underlying cause. Centralised so call sites stay terse and so adding a new
* code in one place propagates a typed `code` field everywhere.
*/
export function cborError(
code: CborErrorCode,
message: string,
options: { cause?: unknown } = {}
): CborError {
const opts: { cause?: Error } = {};
if (options.cause instanceof Error) opts.cause = options.cause;
// Prefix the message with the stable code so message-matching consumers
// (including `expect(...).toThrow(/CODE/)` and log scrapers) get a stable
// substring without needing to inspect `.code`.
return new CborError(code, `${code}: ${message}`, opts);
}

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export {
CBOR_CODES,
CborError,
type CborErrorCode,
cborError,
} from "./error-codes.js";

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// Public root barrel for `@suaveplan/cbor`. Explicit named re-exports per
// CLAUDE.md §10 — namespace re-exports allowed, `export *` is not.
// COSE namespace re-export — required for the `@suaveplan/cbor/cose`
// subpath dist to be generated under `preserveModules: true`. Without
// this anchor, the cose tree is unreachable from the root entry and
// rollup omits the JS output, leaving downstream consumers (webauthn)
// unable to resolve `@suaveplan/cbor/cose` at runtime even though
// `package.json` advertises the subpath. Namespace re-export (not
// `export *`) keeps CLAUDE.md §10 satisfied.
export * as cose from "./cose/index.js";
export { decode, decodeOne, type TagHandler } from "./decoder/decoder.js";
export {
DEFAULT_DECODER_OPTIONS,
type DecodedValue,
type DecoderMode,
type DecoderOptions,
type TagHandling,
} from "./decoder/decoder.types.js";
// Deterministic shortcut
export { encodeDeterministic } from "./deterministic/deterministic.js";
// Diagnostic notation
export { bytesToDiagnostic, toDiagnostic } from "./diagnostic/diagnostic.js";
// Codec
export { encode } from "./encoder/encoder.js";
export {
DEFAULT_ENCODER_OPTIONS,
type EncoderOptions,
} from "./encoder/encoder.types.js";
// Errors
export {
CBOR_CODES,
CborError,
type CborErrorCode,
cborError,
} from "./errors/error-codes.js";
// Sequences
export {
decodeSequence,
decodeSequenceStream,
encodeSequence,
} from "./sequences/sequences.js";
// Streaming
export {
PullDecoder,
type PullDecoderOptions,
} from "./streaming/pull-decoder.js";
// Tags
export { isTagged, Tagged } from "./tags/tagged.js";

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export {
decodeSequence,
encodeSequence,
} from "./sequences.js";

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# `sequences`
<!-- begin:auto-docs -->
_(no submodules)_
<!-- end:auto-docs -->
## Purpose
`@suaveplan/cbor/sequences` implements RFC 8742 — the CBOR Sequence format,
which is just the concatenation of zero-or-more well-formed CBOR data items
with no enclosing array, tag, or framing byte. Sequences are the natural
encoding for log streams, event journals, and any wire format where items
arrive incrementally and the consumer does not know the count ahead of time.
## Features
- `encodeSequence(items, options?)` produces the byte-concatenated form of an
arbitrary item list. Empty input → empty output (zero bytes).
- `decodeSequence(bytes, options?, tags?)` walks the input from offset 0,
pulling one item at a time via `decodeOne` until the buffer is exhausted.
- `decodeSequenceStream(stream, options?, tags?)` — async generator over an
`AsyncIterable<Uint8Array>`. Yields each complete item as it becomes
available; buffers only what is needed for the next pending item.
- All three preserve the strict / lax mode and tag-handling semantics of the
underlying decoder — sequence framing is a pure outer concern.
## Usage: Basic Example
```ts
import { decodeSequence, encodeSequence } from "@suaveplan/cbor/sequences";
const wire = encodeSequence([{ id: 1, ok: true }, { id: 2, ok: false }]);
const items = decodeSequence(wire);
```
## Usage: Advanced Example
```ts
import { decodeSequenceStream } from "@suaveplan/cbor/sequences";
async function consumeLog(stream: AsyncIterable<Uint8Array>) {
for await (const event of decodeSequenceStream(stream)) {
handle(event);
}
}
```
## API Reference
- `encodeSequence(items: readonly unknown[], options?: EncoderOptions): Uint8Array`
- `decodeSequence(bytes: Uint8Array, options?: DecoderOptions, tags?: ReadonlyMap<number, TagHandler>): DecodedValue[]`
- `decodeSequenceStream(stream: AsyncIterable<Uint8Array>, options?, tags?): AsyncGenerator<DecodedValue>`
Throws `CborError(MALFORMED)` for sequence-internal incompleteness (e.g.
trailing bytes that don't form a complete item at end-of-stream).
## Implementation Notes
The streaming form coalesces partial chunks via a growing `Uint8Array`
buffer. After each new chunk is appended, the loop attempts as many full
`decodeOne` calls as the buffer allows; on the first failure (which signals
"need more bytes"), the loop breaks and waits for the next chunk. This
strategy is correct as long as `decodeOne` either succeeds and reports
exactly `consumed` bytes OR throws — both invariants are guaranteed by the
strict-mode decoder. The buffer is reallocated rather than `subarray`d after
each successful decode so backing-buffer ownership stays bound to the
generator and does not leak into yielded values.

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import { describe, expect, it } from "@suaveplan/testing/runner";
import {
decodeSequence,
decodeSequenceStream,
encodeSequence,
} from "./sequences.js";
describe("encodeSequence / decodeSequence — RFC 8742", () => {
it("empty sequence produces empty bytes", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const bytes = encodeSequence([]);
expect(bytes.length).toBe(0);
expect(decodeSequence(bytes)).toEqual([]);
});
it("single integer round-trips", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const bytes = encodeSequence([1]);
expect(decodeSequence(bytes)).toEqual([1]);
});
it("mixed-type sequence round-trips", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const items = [1, "hi", true, [1, 2], new Uint8Array([0xaa]), null];
const bytes = encodeSequence(items);
const decoded = decodeSequence(bytes);
expect(decoded).toEqual(items);
});
it("sequence preserves item order", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const items = Array.from({ length: 50 }, (_, i) => i);
const decoded = decodeSequence(encodeSequence(items));
expect(decoded).toEqual(items);
});
});
describe("decodeSequenceStream", () => {
async function* fromChunks(
chunks: Uint8Array[]
): AsyncGenerator<Uint8Array, void, void> {
for (const c of chunks) yield c;
}
it("yields items as they arrive", { timeout: 5000 }, async () => {
const bytes = encodeSequence([1, 2, 3]);
const half = Math.floor(bytes.length / 2);
const chunks = [bytes.subarray(0, half), bytes.subarray(half)];
const collected: unknown[] = [];
for await (const item of decodeSequenceStream(fromChunks(chunks))) {
collected.push(item);
}
expect(collected).toEqual([1, 2, 3]);
});
it("rejects truncated sequence at end", { timeout: 5000 }, async () => {
const bytes = encodeSequence([1000]);
// Truncate by 1
const truncated = bytes.subarray(0, bytes.length - 1);
const consume = async (): Promise<unknown[]> => {
const out: unknown[] = [];
for await (const item of decodeSequenceStream(
fromChunks([truncated])
)) {
out.push(item);
}
return out;
};
await expect(consume()).rejects.toThrow(/MALFORMED/);
});
});

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import { decodeOne, type TagHandler } from "../decoder/decoder.js";
import type { DecodedValue, DecoderOptions } from "../decoder/decoder.types.js";
import { encode } from "../encoder/encoder.js";
import type { EncoderOptions } from "../encoder/encoder.types.js";
import { CBOR_CODES, cborError } from "../errors/error-codes.js";
/**
* Encode a CBOR Sequence per RFC 8742 — concatenation of zero-or-more
* well-formed CBOR items, with no enclosing array, tag, or framing byte.
*/
export function encodeSequence(
items: readonly unknown[],
options: EncoderOptions = {}
): Uint8Array {
const chunks = items.map((item) => encode(item, options));
let total = 0;
for (const c of chunks) total += c.length;
const out = new Uint8Array(total);
let off = 0;
for (const c of chunks) {
out.set(c, off);
off += c.length;
}
return out;
}
/**
* Decode a CBOR Sequence per RFC 8742. Reads items from offset 0 until the
* input is fully consumed.
*/
export function decodeSequence(
bytes: Uint8Array,
options: DecoderOptions = {},
tags: ReadonlyMap<number, TagHandler> = new Map()
): DecodedValue[] {
const items: DecodedValue[] = [];
let cursor = bytes;
while (cursor.length > 0) {
// `decodeOne` either consumes ≥1 byte or throws — never returns 0.
const { value, consumed } = decodeOne(cursor, options, tags);
items.push(value);
cursor = cursor.subarray(consumed);
}
return items;
}
/**
* Async iterable form: pull one decoded item at a time from a stream of bytes.
* Bounded memory in the common case — buffers only up to one item at a time.
*/
export async function* decodeSequenceStream(
stream: AsyncIterable<Uint8Array>,
options: DecoderOptions = {},
tags: ReadonlyMap<number, TagHandler> = new Map()
): AsyncGenerator<DecodedValue, void, void> {
let buf: Uint8Array<ArrayBuffer> = new Uint8Array(0);
for await (const chunk of stream) {
buf = appendBytes(buf, chunk);
// Pull every complete item from the head
while (buf.length > 0) {
try {
const { value, consumed } = decodeOne(buf, options, tags);
// `decodeOne` consumes ≥1 byte on success — never 0.
const remaining = new Uint8Array(buf.length - consumed);
remaining.set(buf.subarray(consumed));
buf = remaining;
yield value;
} catch {
// Need more bytes
break;
}
}
}
if (buf.length > 0) {
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.MALFORMED,
`incomplete CBOR sequence — ${buf.length} trailing bytes`
);
}
}
function appendBytes(a: Uint8Array, b: Uint8Array): Uint8Array<ArrayBuffer> {
const out = new Uint8Array(a.length + b.length);
out.set(a, 0);
out.set(b, a.length);
return out;
}

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# `chunk-decoder`
## Purpose
Partial-item streaming decoder. While `PullDecoder` yields one whole CBOR
item at a time (waiting until each item is fully buffered), `ChunkDecoder`
emits structural events as bytes flow in — perfect for processing CBOR
items larger than memory. A multi-gigabyte indefinite-length byte string
can stream through with a fixed memory footprint, surfacing bytes-chunk
events as they arrive rather than buffering the whole body.
## Features
- Event stream: `value`, `string-chunk` / `string-end`, `bytes-chunk` /
`bytes-end`, `array-start` / `array-end`, `map-start` / `map-end`, `tag`,
`break`. Definite-length containers don't emit explicit ends — consumers
count entries via the `length` on the start event. Indefinite-length
containers do emit `array-end` / `map-end` when the break stop appears.
- Bounded memory: the internal buffer holds at most one item's head plus
the current chunk slice. Decoded values are NOT retained — consumers
materialise their own state from the event sequence.
- AbortSignal supported — `next()` rejects with `STREAM_INTERRUPTED`.
- Both `AsyncIterable<Uint8Array>` and `ReadableStream<Uint8Array>` sources;
the `Symbol.asyncIterator` async-iterator protocol is supported so
`for await (const event of decoder)` works directly.
## Usage: Basic Example
```ts
import { ChunkDecoder } from "@suaveplan/cbor/streaming";
const decoder = new ChunkDecoder(stream);
for await (const event of decoder) {
switch (event.kind) {
case "array-start":
pushContainer("array", event.length);
break;
case "value":
writeValue(event.value);
break;
case "bytes-chunk":
pipeToFile(event.chunk);
break;
case "bytes-end":
finalizeBlob();
break;
// ...
}
}
```
## Usage: Advanced Example
```ts
import { ChunkDecoder } from "@suaveplan/cbor/streaming";
// Stream a multi-GB indefinite byte string into a hash without buffering.
import { sha256 } from "@suaveplan/crypto-hash";
const decoder = new ChunkDecoder(httpStream);
const hashState = sha256.create();
for await (const event of decoder) {
if (event.kind === "bytes-chunk") hashState.update(event.chunk);
if (event.kind === "bytes-end") break;
}
const digest = hashState.finish();
```
## API Reference
- `class ChunkDecoder`
- `constructor(source, options?)` — `AsyncIterable<Uint8Array>` or
`ReadableStream<Uint8Array>` source; options accept `signal?: AbortSignal`.
- `next(): Promise<IteratorResult<ChunkDecoderEvent, void>>`.
- `[Symbol.asyncIterator]()`.
- `type ChunkDecoderEvent` — discriminated union of all 11 event kinds.
Throws `CborError` with codes `MALFORMED` (incomplete trailing bytes,
malformed UTF-8, mismatched chunk type, nested indefinite chunk, unexpected
break, indefinite-length on disallowed major type), `STREAM_INTERRUPTED`
(AbortSignal fired), `LENGTH_OVERFLOW` (length above MAX_SAFE_INTEGER).
## Implementation Notes
The decoder maintains a stack of pending container / string-context entries
plus a small head buffer. The `tryEmit` driver routes to a sub-decoder based
on the top of stack:
- `indef-string` / `indef-bytes` — drains chunk headers + bodies, emitting
`string-chunk` / `bytes-chunk` events incrementally.
- `definite-string` / `definite-bytes` — drains the body in chunks of
whatever's currently buffered, emitting one event per available slice.
- otherwise — reads a primitive head and dispatches by major type.
Empty definite-length containers don't push a stack entry; they call
`afterChild` directly to unwind the parent. UTF-8 decoding uses a fatal-mode
`TextDecoder` with `{ stream: true }` so multi-byte runes split across
chunks are reassembled correctly.

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@@ -0,0 +1,572 @@
import { describe, expect, it } from "@suaveplan/testing/runner";
import { encode } from "../encoder/encoder.js";
import { encodeSequence } from "../sequences/sequences.js";
import { Tagged } from "../tags/tagged.js";
import { ChunkDecoder } from "./chunk-decoder.js";
import type { ChunkDecoderEvent } from "./chunk-decoder.types.js";
async function* fromChunks(
chunks: Uint8Array[]
): AsyncGenerator<Uint8Array, void, void> {
for (const c of chunks) yield c;
}
async function collect(d: ChunkDecoder): Promise<ChunkDecoderEvent[]> {
const out: ChunkDecoderEvent[] = [];
for await (const e of d) out.push(e);
return out;
}
const fromHex = (s: string): Uint8Array => {
const out = new Uint8Array(s.length / 2);
for (let i = 0; i < out.length; i++)
out[i] = Number.parseInt(s.slice(i * 2, i * 2 + 2), 16);
return out;
};
describe("ChunkDecoder — primitives", () => {
it("emits value for integers", { timeout: 5000 }, async () => {
const d = new ChunkDecoder(fromChunks([encode(42)]));
const events = await collect(d);
expect(events).toEqual([{ kind: "value", value: 42 }]);
});
it("emits value for negative integers", { timeout: 5000 }, async () => {
const d = new ChunkDecoder(fromChunks([encode(-100)]));
expect(await collect(d)).toEqual([{ kind: "value", value: -100 }]);
});
it("emits value for booleans + null + undefined", {
timeout: 5000,
}, async () => {
const wire = encodeSequence([true, false, null, undefined]);
const events = await collect(new ChunkDecoder(fromChunks([wire])));
expect(events).toEqual([
{ kind: "value", value: true },
{ kind: "value", value: false },
{ kind: "value", value: null },
{ kind: "value", value: undefined },
]);
});
it("emits value for float64", { timeout: 5000 }, async () => {
const events = await collect(
new ChunkDecoder(fromChunks([encode(0.1)]))
);
expect(events).toHaveLength(1);
expect((events[0] as { value: number }).value).toBeCloseTo(0.1);
});
it("emits value for float32 (preferFloat16=false default)", {
timeout: 5000,
}, async () => {
const events = await collect(
new ChunkDecoder(fromChunks([encode(1.5)]))
);
expect(events).toEqual([{ kind: "value", value: 1.5 }]);
});
it("emits value for float16 (decoder always reads it)", {
timeout: 5000,
}, async () => {
// f9 3e 00 — float16 1.5
const events = await collect(
new ChunkDecoder(fromChunks([fromHex("f93e00")]))
);
expect(events).toEqual([{ kind: "value", value: 1.5 }]);
});
it("emits simple-value 0..19 as numeric value", {
timeout: 5000,
}, async () => {
// e5 — major 7 minor 5
const events = await collect(
new ChunkDecoder(fromChunks([fromHex("e5")]))
);
expect(events).toEqual([{ kind: "value", value: 5 }]);
});
});
describe("ChunkDecoder — strings + bytes", () => {
it("emits string-chunk + string-end for empty string", {
timeout: 5000,
}, async () => {
const events = await collect(
new ChunkDecoder(fromChunks([encode("")]))
);
expect(events).toEqual([{ kind: "string-end" }]);
});
it("emits chunks then string-end for definite-length string", {
timeout: 5000,
}, async () => {
const events = await collect(
new ChunkDecoder(fromChunks([encode("hello")]))
);
expect(events.at(-1)).toEqual({ kind: "string-end" });
const text = events
.filter(
(
e
): e is Extract<ChunkDecoderEvent, { kind: "string-chunk" }> =>
e.kind === "string-chunk"
)
.map((e) => e.chunk)
.join("");
expect(text).toBe("hello");
});
it("streams a definite string across multiple chunks", {
timeout: 5000,
}, async () => {
const wire = encode("the quick brown fox");
const half = Math.floor(wire.length / 2);
const events = await collect(
new ChunkDecoder(
fromChunks([wire.subarray(0, half), wire.subarray(half)])
)
);
const text = events
.filter(
(
e
): e is Extract<ChunkDecoderEvent, { kind: "string-chunk" }> =>
e.kind === "string-chunk"
)
.map((e) => e.chunk)
.join("");
expect(text).toBe("the quick brown fox");
expect(events.at(-1)?.kind).toBe("string-end");
});
it("indefinite-length string streams chunk-by-chunk", {
timeout: 5000,
}, async () => {
// 7f 65 'strea' 64 'ming' ff
const wire = fromHex(
"7f" + "65" + "7374726561" + "64" + "6d696e67" + "ff"
);
const events = await collect(new ChunkDecoder(fromChunks([wire])));
const text = events
.filter(
(
e
): e is Extract<ChunkDecoderEvent, { kind: "string-chunk" }> =>
e.kind === "string-chunk"
)
.map((e) => e.chunk)
.join("");
expect(text).toBe("streaming");
expect(events.at(-1)?.kind).toBe("string-end");
});
it("definite byte string emits bytes-chunk + bytes-end", {
timeout: 5000,
}, async () => {
const events = await collect(
new ChunkDecoder(fromChunks([encode(new Uint8Array([1, 2, 3, 4]))]))
);
const bytes: number[] = [];
for (const e of events) {
if (e.kind === "bytes-chunk") bytes.push(...e.chunk);
}
expect(bytes).toEqual([1, 2, 3, 4]);
expect(events.at(-1)?.kind).toBe("bytes-end");
});
it("empty byte string emits only bytes-end", {
timeout: 5000,
}, async () => {
const events = await collect(
new ChunkDecoder(fromChunks([encode(new Uint8Array())]))
);
expect(events).toEqual([{ kind: "bytes-end" }]);
});
it("indefinite byte string streams chunk-by-chunk", {
timeout: 5000,
}, async () => {
// 5f 42 0102 43 030405 ff
const events = await collect(
new ChunkDecoder(
fromChunks([fromHex("5f4201024303040 5ff".replace(/\s/g, ""))])
)
);
const bytes: number[] = [];
for (const e of events)
if (e.kind === "bytes-chunk") bytes.push(...e.chunk);
expect(bytes).toEqual([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]);
expect(events.at(-1)?.kind).toBe("bytes-end");
});
it("rejects nested indefinite chunk", { timeout: 5000 }, async () => {
// 5f 5f ff ff
const d = new ChunkDecoder(fromChunks([fromHex("5f5fffff")]));
await expect(collect(d)).rejects.toThrow(/MALFORMED/);
});
it("rejects non-matching chunk type in indefinite string", {
timeout: 5000,
}, async () => {
// 7f 40 ff — text indef containing a byte string chunk
const d = new ChunkDecoder(fromChunks([fromHex("7f40ff")]));
await expect(collect(d)).rejects.toThrow(/MALFORMED/);
});
it("rejects malformed UTF-8 in text string", {
timeout: 5000,
}, async () => {
// 62 c3 28 — 2-byte text with invalid utf-8
const d = new ChunkDecoder(fromChunks([fromHex("62c328")]));
await expect(collect(d)).rejects.toThrow(/MALFORMED/);
});
it("rejects malformed UTF-8 in indefinite text-string chunk", {
timeout: 5000,
}, async () => {
// 7f 62 c3 28 ff
const d = new ChunkDecoder(fromChunks([fromHex("7f62c328ff")]));
await expect(collect(d)).rejects.toThrow(/MALFORMED/);
});
});
describe("ChunkDecoder — arrays + maps + tags", () => {
it("emits array-start + values for [1,2,3]", {
timeout: 5000,
}, async () => {
const events = await collect(
new ChunkDecoder(fromChunks([encode([1, 2, 3])]))
);
expect(events).toEqual([
{ kind: "array-start", length: 3 },
{ kind: "value", value: 1 },
{ kind: "value", value: 2 },
{ kind: "value", value: 3 },
]);
});
it("emits map-start + flat key/value sequence", {
timeout: 5000,
}, async () => {
const m = new Map<number, number>([
[1, 2],
[3, 4],
]);
const events = await collect(new ChunkDecoder(fromChunks([encode(m)])));
expect(events).toEqual([
{ kind: "map-start", length: 2 },
{ kind: "value", value: 1 },
{ kind: "value", value: 2 },
{ kind: "value", value: 3 },
{ kind: "value", value: 4 },
]);
});
it("indefinite array emits array-start + values + array-end", {
timeout: 5000,
}, async () => {
// 9f 01 02 ff
const events = await collect(
new ChunkDecoder(fromChunks([fromHex("9f0102ff")]))
);
expect(events).toEqual([
{ kind: "array-start", length: "indefinite" },
{ kind: "value", value: 1 },
{ kind: "value", value: 2 },
{ kind: "array-end" },
]);
});
it("indefinite map emits map-start + entries + map-end", {
timeout: 5000,
}, async () => {
// bf 6161 01 6162 02 ff
const events = await collect(
new ChunkDecoder(
fromChunks([fromHex("bf6161016162 02 ff".replace(/\s/g, ""))])
)
);
expect(events.at(0)).toEqual({
kind: "map-start",
length: "indefinite",
});
expect(events.at(-1)).toEqual({ kind: "map-end" });
});
it("emits tag event followed by inner item", {
timeout: 5000,
}, async () => {
const events = await collect(
new ChunkDecoder(fromChunks([encode(new Tagged(1, 1700000000))]))
);
expect(events[0]).toEqual({ kind: "tag", tag: 1 });
expect(events[1]).toEqual({ kind: "value", value: 1700000000 });
});
it("rejects unexpected break stop", { timeout: 5000 }, async () => {
const d = new ChunkDecoder(fromChunks([fromHex("ff")]));
await expect(collect(d)).rejects.toThrow(/MALFORMED/);
});
it("rejects reserved simple-value minor", { timeout: 5000 }, async () => {
// fc — minor 28
const d = new ChunkDecoder(fromChunks([fromHex("fc")]));
await expect(collect(d)).rejects.toThrow(/MALFORMED/);
});
});
describe("ChunkDecoder — bounded memory streaming", () => {
it("streams a 1 MiB indefinite byte string without buffering it all", {
timeout: 30000,
}, async () => {
// Build wire: 5f 5a 00100000 <1 MiB of zeros> ff
const oneMb = 1024 * 1024;
const head = new Uint8Array([0x5f, 0x5a, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00]);
const body = new Uint8Array(oneMb);
const tail = new Uint8Array([0xff]);
async function* stream(): AsyncGenerator<Uint8Array, void, void> {
yield head;
// Yield body in 4 KiB chunks
for (let i = 0; i < body.length; i += 4096) {
yield body.subarray(i, i + 4096);
}
yield tail;
}
const d = new ChunkDecoder(stream());
let totalBytes = 0;
let chunks = 0;
for await (const e of d) {
if (e.kind === "bytes-chunk") {
totalBytes += e.chunk.length;
chunks += 1;
}
}
expect(totalBytes).toBe(oneMb);
// Should have streamed in many chunks rather than one
expect(chunks).toBeGreaterThan(10);
});
});
describe("ChunkDecoder — AbortSignal", () => {
it("rejects when signal fires before first read", {
timeout: 5000,
}, async () => {
const ctrl = new AbortController();
ctrl.abort();
const d = new ChunkDecoder(fromChunks([encode(1)]), {
signal: ctrl.signal,
});
await expect(d.next()).rejects.toThrow(/STREAM_INTERRUPTED/);
});
it("rejects when signal fires mid-stream", { timeout: 5000 }, async () => {
const ctrl = new AbortController();
const d = new ChunkDecoder(fromChunks([encode([1, 2, 3])]), {
signal: ctrl.signal,
});
const r1 = await d.next();
expect(r1.value).toEqual({ kind: "array-start", length: 3 });
ctrl.abort();
await expect(d.next()).rejects.toThrow(/STREAM_INTERRUPTED/);
});
});
describe("ChunkDecoder — partial-head reassembly", () => {
// Each test feeds the head bytes one byte at a time to exercise the
// `buf.length < N return undefined` guards in `readHead`.
async function* perByte(
bytes: Uint8Array
): AsyncGenerator<Uint8Array, void, void> {
for (let i = 0; i < bytes.length; i++) yield bytes.subarray(i, i + 1);
}
it("minor=24 head split across chunks", { timeout: 5000 }, async () => {
// 18 64 = uint 100
const events = await collect(
new ChunkDecoder(perByte(fromHex("1864")))
);
expect(events).toEqual([{ kind: "value", value: 100 }]);
});
it("minor=25 head (uint16) split", { timeout: 5000 }, async () => {
// 19 03 e8 = uint 1000
const events = await collect(
new ChunkDecoder(perByte(fromHex("1903e8")))
);
expect(events).toEqual([{ kind: "value", value: 1000 }]);
});
it("minor=26 head (uint32) split", { timeout: 5000 }, async () => {
// 1a 00 0f 42 40 = uint 1000000
const events = await collect(
new ChunkDecoder(perByte(fromHex("1a000f4240")))
);
expect(events).toEqual([{ kind: "value", value: 1000000 }]);
});
it("minor=27 head (uint64) split", { timeout: 5000 }, async () => {
// 1b 00 00 00 e8 d4 a5 10 00 = uint 1000000000000
const events = await collect(
new ChunkDecoder(perByte(fromHex("1b000000e8d4a51000")))
);
expect(events).toEqual([{ kind: "value", value: 1000000000000 }]);
});
});
describe("ChunkDecoder — incompleteness", () => {
it("rejects indefinite-length on integer (major 0 minor 31)", {
timeout: 5000,
}, async () => {
const d = new ChunkDecoder(fromChunks([fromHex("1f")]));
await expect(collect(d)).rejects.toThrow(/MALFORMED/);
});
it("rejects indefinite-length on negative integer (major 1 minor 31)", {
timeout: 5000,
}, async () => {
const d = new ChunkDecoder(fromChunks([fromHex("3f")]));
await expect(collect(d)).rejects.toThrow(/MALFORMED/);
});
it("rejects indefinite-length on tag (major 6 minor 31)", {
timeout: 5000,
}, async () => {
const d = new ChunkDecoder(fromChunks([fromHex("df")]));
await expect(collect(d)).rejects.toThrow(/MALFORMED/);
});
it("rejects reserved minor on simple value", {
timeout: 5000,
}, async () => {
// fd — minor 29 reserved
const d = new ChunkDecoder(fromChunks([fromHex("fd")]));
await expect(collect(d)).rejects.toThrow(/MALFORMED/);
});
it("rejects reserved minor in unsigned context (1c, 1d, 1e)", {
timeout: 5000,
}, async () => {
for (const hex of ["1c", "1d", "1e"]) {
const d = new ChunkDecoder(fromChunks([fromHex(hex)]));
await expect(collect(d)).rejects.toThrow(/MALFORMED/);
}
});
it("rejects truncated input at end of stream", {
timeout: 5000,
}, async () => {
// 18 — head only, missing body byte
const d = new ChunkDecoder(fromChunks([fromHex("18")]));
await expect(collect(d)).rejects.toThrow(/MALFORMED/);
});
it("rejects incomplete container at end of stream", {
timeout: 5000,
}, async () => {
// 9f 01 — indefinite array with one item, no break
const d = new ChunkDecoder(fromChunks([fromHex("9f01")]));
await expect(collect(d)).rejects.toThrow(/MALFORMED/);
});
});
describe("ChunkDecoder — ReadableStream source", () => {
it("consumes via Web Streams API", { timeout: 5000 }, async () => {
const wire = encode([1, 2, 3]);
const stream = new ReadableStream<Uint8Array>({
start(controller) {
controller.enqueue(wire);
controller.close();
},
});
const events = await collect(new ChunkDecoder(stream));
expect(events).toHaveLength(4);
});
it("falls back to getReader when source lacks asyncIterator", {
timeout: 5000,
}, async () => {
const wire = encode(7);
let i = 0;
const stream = {
getReader() {
return {
async read(): Promise<
| { done: false; value: Uint8Array }
| { done: true; value: undefined }
> {
if (i === 0) {
i = 1;
return { done: false, value: wire };
}
return { done: true, value: undefined };
},
};
},
} as unknown as ReadableStream<Uint8Array>;
const events = await collect(new ChunkDecoder(stream));
expect(events).toEqual([{ kind: "value", value: 7 }]);
});
});
describe("ChunkDecoder — bigint values", () => {
it("emits bigint for u64-max", { timeout: 5000 }, async () => {
const events = await collect(
new ChunkDecoder(fromChunks([encode(18446744073709551615n)]))
);
expect(events).toEqual([
{ kind: "value", value: 18446744073709551615n },
]);
});
it("emits bigint for negative u64-min", { timeout: 5000 }, async () => {
// 3b ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff = -2^64
const events = await collect(
new ChunkDecoder(fromChunks([fromHex("3bffffffffffffffff")]))
);
expect(events).toEqual([
{ kind: "value", value: -18446744073709551616n },
]);
});
it("rejects length above MAX_SAFE_INTEGER on byte string", {
timeout: 5000,
}, async () => {
// 5b ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
const d = new ChunkDecoder(fromChunks([fromHex("5bffffffffffffffff")]));
await expect(collect(d)).rejects.toThrow(/LENGTH_OVERFLOW/);
});
});
describe("ChunkDecoder — empty containers + nesting", () => {
it("empty array emits only array-start (definite, no entries)", {
timeout: 5000,
}, async () => {
// 80 — array of length 0
const events = await collect(
new ChunkDecoder(fromChunks([fromHex("80")]))
);
expect(events).toEqual([{ kind: "array-start", length: 0 }]);
});
it("empty map emits only map-start (definite, no entries)", {
timeout: 5000,
}, async () => {
const events = await collect(
new ChunkDecoder(fromChunks([fromHex("a0")]))
);
expect(events).toEqual([{ kind: "map-start", length: 0 }]);
});
it("nested arrays recurse afterChild", { timeout: 5000 }, async () => {
// [[1], 2] — exercises the recursive afterChild path
const events = await collect(
new ChunkDecoder(fromChunks([encode([[1], 2])]))
);
expect(events).toEqual([
{ kind: "array-start", length: 2 },
{ kind: "array-start", length: 1 },
{ kind: "value", value: 1 },
{ kind: "value", value: 2 },
]);
});
});

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@@ -0,0 +1,516 @@
import { decodeFloat16 } from "../decoder/half-float.js";
import { CBOR_CODES, cborError } from "../errors/error-codes.js";
import type {
ChunkDecoderEvent,
ChunkDecoderOptions,
} from "./chunk-decoder.types.js";
/**
* Partial-item streaming decoder. Walks an `AsyncIterable<Uint8Array>` or
* `ReadableStream<Uint8Array>` in tiny steps, emitting one event per CBOR
* structural element. Bounded memory regardless of item size — even a
* multi-gigabyte indefinite-length byte string streams chunk-by-chunk.
*
* The decoder is stateful: it carries a bounded internal buffer of
* pending bytes (only the current head item's prefix) plus a stack of
* pending container counts. It does NOT keep the full decoded value tree
* in memory; consumers must materialise their own state from the event
* sequence as it arrives.
*/
export class ChunkDecoder {
private readonly iter: AsyncIterator<Uint8Array, void, void>;
private readonly signal: AbortSignal | undefined;
private buf: Uint8Array<ArrayBuffer>;
private done = false;
private readonly textDecoder = new TextDecoder("utf-8", { fatal: true });
/**
* Stack of pending containers / strings. Each entry tracks the kind of
* container and how many more child items remain (or `"indefinite"`).
* String entries track the remaining bytes of the current chunk.
*/
private readonly stack: StackEntry[] = [];
constructor(
source: AsyncIterable<Uint8Array> | ReadableStream<Uint8Array>,
options: ChunkDecoderOptions = {}
) {
this.iter = toAsyncIterator(source);
this.signal = options.signal;
this.buf = new Uint8Array(0);
}
/**
* Pull the next event from the stream. Returns `{ done: true }` when
* the underlying iterator is exhausted AND the buffer has been fully
* consumed. Rejects with `CborError(STREAM_INTERRUPTED)` if the abort
* signal fires.
*/
async next(): Promise<IteratorResult<ChunkDecoderEvent, void>> {
while (true) {
this.checkAbort();
const event = this.tryEmit();
if (event) return { value: event, done: false };
if (this.done) {
if (this.buf.length === 0 && this.stack.length === 0) {
return { value: undefined, done: true };
}
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.MALFORMED,
`incomplete CBOR stream — ${this.buf.length} buffered bytes, ${this.stack.length} pending containers`
);
}
const r = await this.iter.next();
if (r.done) {
this.done = true;
} else {
this.append(r.value);
}
}
}
[Symbol.asyncIterator](): AsyncIterator<ChunkDecoderEvent, void, void> {
return { next: () => this.next() };
}
private tryEmit(): ChunkDecoderEvent | undefined {
// First — if we're inside a string/bytes container, drain its body
const top = this.stack[this.stack.length - 1];
if (
top &&
(top.kind === "indef-string" || top.kind === "indef-bytes")
) {
return this.tryEmitStringChunk(top);
}
if (
top &&
(top.kind === "definite-string" || top.kind === "definite-bytes")
) {
return this.tryEmitDefiniteBodyEvent();
}
if (this.buf.length === 0) return undefined;
const ib = this.buf[0] as number;
const major = ib >> 5;
const minor = ib & 0x1f;
// Length needed for the head + body of this single primitive read
const head = readHead(this.buf, minor);
if (!head) return undefined; // need more bytes
switch (major) {
case 0:
if (head.value === "indefinite") {
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.MALFORMED,
"indefinite-length on integer"
);
}
return this.emitValue(head, head.value);
case 1:
if (head.value === "indefinite") {
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.MALFORMED,
"indefinite-length on negative integer"
);
}
return this.emitValue(
head,
typeof head.value === "bigint"
? -1n - head.value
: -1 - head.value
);
case 2:
return this.startBytes(head, minor);
case 3:
return this.startText(head, minor);
case 4:
return this.startContainer("array", head, minor);
case 5:
return this.startContainer("map", head, minor);
case 6: {
// Tag — emit a tag event and let the next iteration handle the content
if (head.value === "indefinite") {
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.MALFORMED,
"indefinite-length on tag"
);
}
this.consume(head.consumed);
this.afterChild();
return { kind: "tag", tag: numberOrBigIntToNumber(head.value) };
}
default:
return this.emitSpecial(head, minor);
}
}
/* istanbul ignore next: defensive guard — caller filters by kind */
private tryEmitStringChunk(top: StackEntry): ChunkDecoderEvent | undefined {
if (top.kind !== "indef-string" && top.kind !== "indef-bytes")
return undefined;
// Are we at a chunk header?
if (top.remaining === 0) {
if (this.buf.length === 0) return undefined;
const head0 = this.buf[0] as number;
if (head0 === 0xff) {
this.consume(1);
this.stack.pop();
this.afterChild();
return top.kind === "indef-string"
? { kind: "string-end" }
: { kind: "bytes-end" };
}
const expectedMajor = top.kind === "indef-string" ? 3 : 2;
if (head0 >> 5 !== expectedMajor) {
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.MALFORMED,
`indefinite ${top.kind} contains non-matching chunk type`
);
}
const minor = head0 & 0x1f;
const head = readHead(this.buf, minor);
if (!head) return undefined;
if (head.value === "indefinite") {
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.MALFORMED,
"nested indefinite chunk"
);
}
this.consume(head.consumed);
top.remaining = numberOrBigIntToNumber(head.value);
return this.tryEmitStringChunk(top);
}
// Drain whatever we have of the chunk body
if (this.buf.length === 0) return undefined;
const take = Math.min(top.remaining, this.buf.length);
const slice = this.buf.subarray(0, take);
if (top.kind === "indef-string") {
try {
const text = this.textDecoder.decode(slice, { stream: true });
this.consume(take);
top.remaining -= take;
return { kind: "string-chunk", chunk: text };
} catch (cause) {
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.MALFORMED,
"invalid UTF-8 in indefinite text-string chunk",
{ cause }
);
}
}
const out = new Uint8Array(slice);
this.consume(take);
top.remaining -= take;
return { kind: "bytes-chunk", chunk: out };
}
private emitValue(
head: HeadInfo,
value: bigint | number
): ChunkDecoderEvent {
this.consume(head.consumed);
this.afterChild();
return { kind: "value", value };
}
private startBytes(
head: HeadInfo,
minor: number
): ChunkDecoderEvent | undefined {
void minor;
if (head.value === "indefinite") {
this.consume(head.consumed);
this.stack.push({ kind: "indef-bytes", remaining: 0 });
return this.tryEmit();
}
const len = numberOrBigIntToNumber(head.value);
this.consume(head.consumed);
if (len === 0) {
this.afterChild();
return { kind: "bytes-end" };
}
this.stack.push({ kind: "definite-bytes", remaining: len });
return this.tryEmitDefiniteBodyEvent();
}
private startText(
head: HeadInfo,
minor: number
): ChunkDecoderEvent | undefined {
if (head.value === "indefinite") {
this.consume(head.consumed);
this.stack.push({ kind: "indef-string", remaining: 0 });
return this.tryEmit();
}
const len = numberOrBigIntToNumber(head.value);
this.consume(head.consumed);
if (len === 0) {
this.afterChild();
return { kind: "string-end" };
}
this.stack.push({ kind: "definite-string", remaining: len });
void minor;
return this.tryEmitDefiniteBodyEvent();
}
/* istanbul ignore next: defensive guard — caller pushes the matching entry */
private tryEmitDefiniteBodyEvent(): ChunkDecoderEvent | undefined {
const top = this.stack[this.stack.length - 1];
if (
!top ||
(top.kind !== "definite-bytes" && top.kind !== "definite-string")
) {
return undefined;
}
if (top.remaining === 0) {
this.stack.pop();
this.afterChild();
return top.kind === "definite-bytes"
? { kind: "bytes-end" }
: { kind: "string-end" };
}
if (this.buf.length === 0) return undefined;
const take = Math.min(top.remaining, this.buf.length);
const slice = this.buf.subarray(0, take);
if (top.kind === "definite-string") {
try {
const isLast = top.remaining === take;
const text = this.textDecoder.decode(slice, {
stream: !isLast,
});
this.consume(take);
top.remaining -= take;
return { kind: "string-chunk", chunk: text };
} catch (cause) {
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.MALFORMED,
"invalid UTF-8 in text string",
{ cause }
);
}
}
const out = new Uint8Array(slice);
this.consume(take);
top.remaining -= take;
return { kind: "bytes-chunk", chunk: out };
}
private startContainer(
kind: "array" | "map",
head: HeadInfo,
minor: number
): ChunkDecoderEvent {
this.consume(head.consumed);
const length =
head.value === "indefinite"
? "indefinite"
: numberOrBigIntToNumber(head.value);
// For maps, every entry counts as 2 child items (key + value)
const childCount =
length === "indefinite"
? "indefinite"
: kind === "map"
? length * 2
: length;
if (childCount === 0) {
// Empty definite-length container — don't push; resolve with the parent.
this.afterChild();
} else {
this.stack.push({ kind, remaining: childCount });
}
void minor;
return kind === "array"
? { kind: "array-start", length }
: { kind: "map-start", length };
}
private emitSpecial(head: HeadInfo, minor: number): ChunkDecoderEvent {
this.consume(head.consumed);
if (minor < 20) {
// Simple value 0..19 — emit as a value with the simple-id encoded as number
this.afterChild();
return { kind: "value", value: minor };
}
switch (minor) {
case 20:
this.afterChild();
return { kind: "value", value: false };
case 21:
this.afterChild();
return { kind: "value", value: true };
case 22:
this.afterChild();
return { kind: "value", value: null };
case 23:
this.afterChild();
return { kind: "value", value: undefined };
case 25: {
// float16 — head.value holds the 16-bit pattern as number
const bits = head.value as number;
this.afterChild();
return {
kind: "value",
value: decodeFloat16((bits >> 8) & 0xff, bits & 0xff),
};
}
case 26: {
this.afterChild();
return { kind: "value", value: head.float32 as number };
}
case 27: {
this.afterChild();
return { kind: "value", value: head.float64 as number };
}
case 31: {
// Break stop — pops the topmost indefinite container
const top = this.stack[this.stack.length - 1];
if (!top || top.remaining !== "indefinite") {
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.MALFORMED,
"unexpected break stop"
);
}
this.stack.pop();
this.afterChild();
return top.kind === "array"
? { kind: "array-end" }
: { kind: "map-end" };
}
/* istanbul ignore next: readHead already rejects reserved minors 28-30 */
default:
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.MALFORMED,
`reserved simple value minor ${minor}`
);
}
}
private afterChild(): void {
const top = this.stack[this.stack.length - 1];
// `afterChild` is only called from the array/map / top-level paths, so
// either the stack is empty, or the top entry is an array or map.
// String/bytes containers manage their own pop in `tryEmitStringChunk`
// and `tryEmitDefiniteBodyEvent` and never reach this method.
if (!top) return;
if (typeof top.remaining === "number") {
top.remaining -= 1;
if (top.remaining === 0) {
this.stack.pop();
// Definite-length containers don't emit an explicit end event;
// consumers count entries via the `length` on the start event.
// Decrement the parent (if any) so nested empty containers
// unwind correctly.
this.afterChild();
}
}
// indefinite containers wait for an explicit break-stop event.
}
private append(chunk: Uint8Array): void {
const out = new Uint8Array(this.buf.length + chunk.length);
out.set(this.buf, 0);
out.set(chunk, this.buf.length);
this.buf = out;
}
private consume(n: number): void {
const remaining = new Uint8Array(this.buf.length - n);
remaining.set(this.buf.subarray(n));
this.buf = remaining;
}
private checkAbort(): void {
if (this.signal?.aborted) {
throw cborError(CBOR_CODES.STREAM_INTERRUPTED, "AbortSignal fired");
}
}
}
interface IndefStringEntry {
kind: "indef-string" | "indef-bytes";
remaining: number;
}
interface DefiniteStringEntry {
kind: "definite-string" | "definite-bytes";
remaining: number;
}
interface ContainerEntry {
kind: "array" | "map";
remaining: number | "indefinite";
}
type StackEntry = IndefStringEntry | DefiniteStringEntry | ContainerEntry;
interface HeadInfo {
consumed: number;
/** Decoded length / unsigned value. `"indefinite"` for minor 31 in array/map/string contexts. */
value: number | bigint | "indefinite";
/** Set when minor === 26 (float32). */
float32?: number;
/** Set when minor === 27 (float64). */
float64?: number;
}
function readHead(buf: Uint8Array, minor: number): HeadInfo | undefined {
if (minor < 24) return { consumed: 1, value: minor };
if (minor === 24) {
if (buf.length < 2) return undefined;
return { consumed: 2, value: buf[1] as number };
}
if (minor === 25) {
if (buf.length < 3) return undefined;
const view = new DataView(buf.buffer, buf.byteOffset, 3);
return { consumed: 3, value: view.getUint16(1, false) };
}
if (minor === 26) {
if (buf.length < 5) return undefined;
const view = new DataView(buf.buffer, buf.byteOffset, 5);
return {
consumed: 5,
value: view.getUint32(1, false),
float32: view.getFloat32(1, false),
};
}
if (minor === 27) {
if (buf.length < 9) return undefined;
const view = new DataView(buf.buffer, buf.byteOffset, 9);
const big = view.getBigUint64(1, false);
const num = big <= BigInt(Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER) ? Number(big) : big;
return {
consumed: 9,
value: num,
float64: view.getFloat64(1, false),
};
}
if (minor === 31) {
return { consumed: 1, value: "indefinite" };
}
throw cborError(CBOR_CODES.MALFORMED, `reserved minor ${minor}`);
}
function numberOrBigIntToNumber(v: number | bigint): number {
if (typeof v === "bigint") {
// `readHead` already coerces u64 ≤ MAX_SAFE_INTEGER to `number`, so any
// bigint reaching this helper exceeds the safe integer range.
throw cborError(
CBOR_CODES.LENGTH_OVERFLOW,
"length exceeds Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER"
);
}
return v;
}
function toAsyncIterator(
source: AsyncIterable<Uint8Array> | ReadableStream<Uint8Array>
): AsyncIterator<Uint8Array, void, void> {
if (Symbol.asyncIterator in source) {
return (source as AsyncIterable<Uint8Array>)[Symbol.asyncIterator]();
}
const reader = (source as ReadableStream<Uint8Array>).getReader();
return {
async next(): Promise<IteratorResult<Uint8Array, void>> {
const r = await reader.read();
if (r.done) return { value: undefined, done: true };
return { value: r.value, done: false };
},
};
}

View File

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
/**
* Events emitted by `ChunkDecoder` as the underlying byte stream is parsed.
* The decoder produces a sequence of events corresponding to the structural
* shape of the CBOR data; partial primitive bodies (text/byte string chunks
* inside an indefinite-length string) are surfaced incrementally rather than
* buffered.
*/
export type ChunkDecoderEvent =
| { kind: "value"; value: number | bigint | boolean | null | undefined }
| { kind: "string-chunk"; chunk: string }
| { kind: "string-end" }
| { kind: "bytes-chunk"; chunk: Uint8Array }
| { kind: "bytes-end" }
| { kind: "array-start"; length: number | "indefinite" }
| { kind: "array-end" }
| { kind: "map-start"; length: number | "indefinite" }
| { kind: "map-end" }
| { kind: "tag"; tag: number }
| { kind: "break" };
export interface ChunkDecoderOptions {
/** Aborts the underlying stream — `next()` rejects with `STREAM_INTERRUPTED`. */
signal?: AbortSignal;
}

View File

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
export { ChunkDecoder } from "./chunk-decoder.js";
export type {
ChunkDecoderEvent,
ChunkDecoderOptions,
} from "./chunk-decoder.types.js";
export { PullDecoder, type PullDecoderOptions } from "./pull-decoder.js";

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