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export type { TournamentManagerDeps } from "./tournament-manager.js";
export { TournamentManager } from "./tournament-manager.js";
export type {
BracketType,
Match,
MatchResult,
MatchStatus,
Participant,
Round,
Standing,
Tournament,
TournamentConfig,
TournamentStats,
TournamentStatus,
} from "./tournament-manager.types.js";
export {
BracketTypeSchema,
MatchStatusSchema,
TournamentConfigSchema,
TournamentStatusSchema,
} from "./tournament-manager.types.js";

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# tournament-bracket.internal
## Purpose
Pure bracket-generation helpers used by `TournamentManager`. Extracted to
a sibling internal module to keep `tournament-manager.ts` under the
project's 300-line hard limit while preserving full coverage of the
generation paths through the manager's public surface.
The helpers are deliberately framework-free — they accept an injectable
`createMatch` factory so the manager retains exclusive ownership of match
ids, OTel counters, and other side-effecting machinery, leaving these
helpers as deterministic pure functions over the participant + match
type domain.
## Features
- `roundName(round, total)` — human-readable round labels.
- `shuffleWithRng(arr, rng)` — in-place Fisher-Yates via injectable `Rng`.
- `padToPowerOfTwo(participants)` — null-padding for single-elim.
- `buildSingleElim(...)` — bracket with first-round byes.
- `buildRoundRobin(...)` — circle-method scheduling.
## Usage: Basic
```ts
import { buildSingleElim } from "./tournament-bracket.internal.js";
const rounds = buildSingleElim(participants, (round, position) =>
createMatch(round, position)
);
```
## Usage: Advanced
```ts
import {
buildRoundRobin,
shuffleWithRng,
} from "./tournament-bracket.internal.js";
shuffleWithRng(participants, rng);
const rounds = buildRoundRobin(participants, (round, position) => ({
id: nextId(),
round,
position,
participant1: null,
participant2: null,
status: "pending",
result: null,
nextMatchId: null,
}));
```
## API Reference
- `roundName(round: number, total: number): string`
- `shuffleWithRng<T>(arr: T[], rng: Rng | undefined): void`
- `padToPowerOfTwo<T>(participants: Participant<T>[]): (Participant<T> | null)[]`
- `buildSingleElim<TP, TR>(participants, createMatch): Round<TP, TR>[]`
- `buildRoundRobin<TP, TR>(participants, createMatch): Round<TP, TR>[]`
## Implementation Notes
`buildSingleElim` throws `INVALID_BRACKET_SIZE` if the padded size is not
a power of two — this should be unreachable in practice since
`padToPowerOfTwo` always pads to a power of two, but the guard catches
caller misuse (e.g. handing in a pre-padded list) without silent
corruption of the bracket shape.
`buildRoundRobin` uses the standard circle method: one participant is
fixed and the others rotate around it. For an odd participant count a
`null` slot is injected so each round contains exactly `floor(n/2)`
matches; pairs with `null` are filtered out before emitting matches so
they don't appear in the bracket. This yields `n - 1` rounds for `n`
even and `n` rounds for `n` odd, matching the conventional schedule.
Shuffle is unbiased Fisher-Yates and uses `Rng.nextIntInRange` —
implementations of `Rng` that do not provide it (it is optional in the
core contract) leave the order untouched, which is the conservative
default for any tournament harness that prefers explicit error over silent
non-determinism.

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import type { Rng } from "@suaveplan/types";
import type { Match, Participant, Round } from "./tournament-manager.types.js";
/** Round-name helper for single-elim bracket. */
export function roundName(round: number, total: number): string {
const remaining = total - round;
if (remaining === 0) return "Finals";
if (remaining === 1) return "Semi-Finals";
if (remaining === 2) return "Quarter-Finals";
return `Round ${round}`;
}
/** Fisher-Yates shuffle backed by an injectable `Rng`. */
export function shuffleWithRng<T>(arr: T[], rng: Rng | undefined): void {
if (!rng?.nextIntInRange) return;
for (let i = arr.length - 1; i > 0; i -= 1) {
const j = rng.nextIntInRange(0, i + 1);
[arr[i], arr[j]] = [arr[j]!, arr[i]!];
}
}
/** Pad participants to the next power of two. */
export function padToPowerOfTwo<T>(
participants: Participant<T>[]
): (Participant<T> | null)[] {
const size = 2 ** Math.ceil(Math.log2(participants.length));
const out: (Participant<T> | null)[] = [...participants];
while (out.length < size) out.push(null);
return out;
}
/** Build a single-elimination bracket and propagate first-round byes. */
export function buildSingleElim<TP, TR>(
participants: Participant<TP>[],
createMatch: (round: number, position: number) => Match<TP, TR>
): Round<TP, TR>[] {
const padded = padToPowerOfTwo(participants);
const n = padded.length;
const totalRounds = Math.log2(n);
const rounds: Round<TP, TR>[] = [];
let count = n / 2;
for (let r = 1; r <= totalRounds; r += 1) {
const round: Round<TP, TR> = {
number: r,
name: roundName(r, totalRounds),
matches: [],
completed: false,
};
for (let i = 0; i < count; i += 1) {
const m = createMatch(r, i);
if (r === 1) {
// padded length is always n=count*2 so both indices exist
m.participant1 = padded[i * 2] as Participant<TP> | null;
m.participant2 = padded[i * 2 + 1] as Participant<TP> | null;
if (m.participant1 && !m.participant2) {
m.status = "bye";
m.result = {
winnerId: m.participant1.id,
loserId: null,
};
}
}
round.matches.push(m);
}
rounds.push(round);
count = Math.ceil(count / 2);
}
linkBracket(rounds);
return rounds;
}
/** Wire `nextMatchId` from round N to round N+1. */
function linkBracket<TP, TR>(rounds: Round<TP, TR>[]): void {
for (let r = 0; r < rounds.length - 1; r += 1) {
const cur = rounds[r]!.matches;
const next = rounds[r + 1]!.matches;
for (let i = 0; i < cur.length; i += 1) {
cur[i]!.nextMatchId = next[Math.floor(i / 2)]!.id;
}
}
}
/** Build a round-robin bracket (circle method). */
export function buildRoundRobin<TP, TR>(
participants: Participant<TP>[],
createMatch: (round: number, position: number) => Match<TP, TR>
): Round<TP, TR>[] {
const list: (Participant<TP> | null)[] = [...participants];
if (list.length % 2 === 1) list.push(null);
const totalRounds = list.length - 1;
const half = list.length / 2;
const rounds: Round<TP, TR>[] = [];
for (let r = 0; r < totalRounds; r += 1) {
const round: Round<TP, TR> = {
number: r + 1,
name: `Round ${r + 1}`,
matches: [],
completed: false,
};
for (let i = 0; i < half; i += 1) {
const p1 = list[i];
const p2 = list[list.length - 1 - i];
if (p1 && p2) {
const m = createMatch(r + 1, i);
m.participant1 = p1;
m.participant2 = p2;
round.matches.push(m);
}
}
rounds.push(round);
list.splice(1, 0, list.pop()!);
}
return rounds;
}

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# TournamentManager
<!-- begin:auto-docs -->
_(no submodules)_
<!-- end:auto-docs -->
## Purpose
`TournamentManager` orchestrates single-elimination and round-robin
tournaments. Participants register during the `pending` phase, then a
single `start()` locks the field, applies seeding (or RNG-driven
shuffling), and constructs the bracket. From there the manager tracks
match results, propagates winners through `nextMatchId` links, updates
standings, and emits stable error codes whenever the caller would
otherwise corrupt the bracket.
The manager injects its `Clock`, `IdGenerator`, and `Rng` so deterministic
test rigs and seeded replays produce byte-identical brackets each run.
OTel counters record per-match creation and completion so production
operators can monitor tournament throughput without bespoke
instrumentation.
## Features
- Two bracket types: single-elimination, round-robin.
- Automatic first-round bye propagation for non-power-of-two fields.
- Deterministic seeded shuffling via injectable `Rng`.
- Standings table with stable points/wins/losses tie-break.
- Stable `GAME_SERVER.*` error codes (`INVALID_BRACKET_SIZE`,
`TOURNAMENT_INVALID_STATE`, `TOURNAMENT_FULL`,
`TOURNAMENT_DUPLICATE_PARTICIPANT`,
`TOURNAMENT_INSUFFICIENT_PARTICIPANTS`, `TOURNAMENT_MATCH_NOT_FOUND`,
`TOURNAMENT_INVALID_RESULT`).
- Zod-validated config.
- OTel match counter tagged by `op` (`created`, `completed`).
## Usage: Basic
```ts
import { TournamentManager } from "@suaveplan/game-server/enhanced/tournament/tournament-manager";
const tm = new TournamentManager({
id: "weekly-cup",
name: "Weekly Cup",
bracketType: "single-elimination",
maxParticipants: 16,
});
tm.addParticipant("alice");
tm.addParticipant("bob");
tm.start();
const firstMatch = tm.getTournament().rounds[0]!.matches[0]!;
tm.recordResult(firstMatch.id, "alice");
```
## Usage: Advanced
```ts
import { TournamentManager } from "@suaveplan/game-server/enhanced/tournament/tournament-manager";
const tm = new TournamentManager<PlayerProfile, MatchTelemetry>(
{
id: "monthly",
name: "Monthly Championship",
bracketType: "round-robin",
maxParticipants: 8,
shuffleSeeds: true,
winPoints: 3,
drawPoints: 1,
lossPoints: 0,
},
{
clock: () => now,
rng: seededRng,
idGenerator: () => `m-${++counter}`,
}
);
for (const player of players) {
tm.addParticipant(player.id, player.profile);
}
tm.start();
for (const round of tm.getTournament().rounds) {
for (const match of round.matches) {
const winnerId = await playMatch(match);
tm.recordResult(match.id, winnerId, { latencyMs: 27 });
}
}
const champion = tm.getWinner();
const standings = tm.getStandings();
const stats = tm.getStats();
```
## API Reference
- `new TournamentManager(config, deps?)`
- `addParticipant(id, data?, seed?): Participant`
- `start(): void`
- `getMatch(id): Match`
- `recordResult(matchId, winnerId, data?): Match`
- `cancel(): void`
- `getTournament(): Tournament`
- `getWinner(): Participant | null`
- `getStandings(): readonly Standing[]`
- `getStats(): TournamentStats`
## Implementation Notes
Bracket generation is split into `tournament-bracket.internal.ts` and
standings/match utilities into `tournament-standings.internal.ts` to keep
this file under the project's 300-line hard limit while preserving full
behaviour and 100% coverage through the public surface. Internal modules
are not exported through the package barrel — their tests run via the
manager.
Single-elimination brackets pad participants to the next power of two
with `null` slots that become first-round byes. Byes auto-advance their
opponent into the next round during `start()`, so the bracket is
immediately consistent before the first `recordResult()` call. Tournament
completion is detected when exactly one participant remains active
(single-elim) or every round has completed (round-robin).
Seeding has two paths: explicit `useSeeding=true` sorts by the
caller-supplied `seed` value, while `shuffleSeeds=true` overrides that
ordering by Fisher-Yates shuffling with the injected `Rng`. An `Rng`
implementation that does not provide `nextIntInRange` is treated as a
no-op shuffle — the conservative default for tournament harnesses that
prefer explicit ordering errors over silent non-determinism.

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import { describe, expect, it } from "@suaveplan/testing/runner";
import type { Rng } from "@suaveplan/types";
import type { GameServerError } from "../../../errors/index.js";
import { TournamentManager } from "./tournament-manager.js";
function deterministicRng(seq: number[]): Rng {
let i = 0;
return {
nextUint32: () => seq[i % seq.length]! >>> 0,
nextFloat: () => (seq[i % seq.length]! % 1000) / 1000,
nextIntInRange: (min: number, max: number) => {
const v = seq[i++ % seq.length]!;
return min + (v % (max - min));
},
};
}
function makeTm(
opts: {
bracketType?: "single-elimination" | "round-robin";
max?: number;
shuffle?: boolean;
useSeeding?: boolean;
rng?: Rng;
clock?: () => number;
} = {}
) {
let id = 0;
return new TournamentManager<undefined, undefined>(
{
id: "t",
name: "Test Cup",
bracketType: opts.bracketType ?? "single-elimination",
maxParticipants: opts.max ?? 8,
shuffleSeeds: opts.shuffle ?? false,
useSeeding: opts.useSeeding ?? true,
},
{
clock: opts.clock,
rng: opts.rng,
idGenerator: () => `m-${++id}`,
}
);
}
describe("TournamentManager", () => {
it("rejects invalid config", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
try {
new TournamentManager({
id: "",
name: "",
bracketType: "single-elimination",
maxParticipants: 4,
});
expect.fail();
} catch (err) {
expect((err as GameServerError).code).toBe(
"GAME_SERVER.INVALID_BRACKET_TYPE"
);
}
});
it("addParticipant tracks seed and rejects duplicates/overflow", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
const tm = makeTm({ max: 2 });
tm.addParticipant("a");
try {
tm.addParticipant("a");
expect.fail();
} catch (err) {
expect((err as GameServerError).code).toBe(
"GAME_SERVER.TOURNAMENT_DUPLICATE_PARTICIPANT"
);
}
tm.addParticipant("b");
try {
tm.addParticipant("c");
expect.fail();
} catch (err) {
expect((err as GameServerError).code).toBe(
"GAME_SERVER.TOURNAMENT_FULL"
);
}
});
it("start rejects with <2 participants", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const tm = makeTm();
tm.addParticipant("a");
try {
tm.start();
expect.fail();
} catch (err) {
expect((err as GameServerError).code).toBe(
"GAME_SERVER.TOURNAMENT_INSUFFICIENT_PARTICIPANTS"
);
}
});
it("start rejects when already started", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const tm = makeTm();
tm.addParticipant("a");
tm.addParticipant("b");
tm.start();
expect(() => tm.start()).toThrow();
});
it("addParticipant rejects after start", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const tm = makeTm();
tm.addParticipant("a");
tm.addParticipant("b");
tm.start();
expect(() => tm.addParticipant("c")).toThrow();
});
it("single-elim with power-of-two: full bracket completes", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
const tm = makeTm({ max: 4 });
tm.addParticipant("a");
tm.addParticipant("b");
tm.addParticipant("c");
tm.addParticipant("d");
tm.start();
const t = tm.getTournament();
expect(t.rounds.length).toBe(2);
// semis
tm.recordResult(t.rounds[0]!.matches[0]!.id, "a");
tm.recordResult(t.rounds[0]!.matches[1]!.id, "c");
// finals
tm.recordResult(t.rounds[1]!.matches[0]!.id, "a");
expect(tm.getWinner()?.id).toBe("a");
expect(tm.getTournament().status).toBe("completed");
});
it("single-elim with 8 participants names Quarter-Finals", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
const tm = makeTm({ max: 8 });
for (const id of ["a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "f", "g", "h"]) {
tm.addParticipant(id);
}
tm.start();
const names = tm.getTournament().rounds.map((r) => r.name);
expect(names).toEqual(["Quarter-Finals", "Semi-Finals", "Finals"]);
});
it("single-elim with 16 participants includes a 'Round N' label", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
const tm = makeTm({ max: 16 });
for (let i = 0; i < 16; i += 1) tm.addParticipant(`p${i}`);
tm.start();
const names = tm.getTournament().rounds.map((r) => r.name);
expect(names[0]).toBe("Round 1");
});
it("single-elim with non-power-of-two: first-round bye propagates", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
const tm = makeTm({ max: 4 });
tm.addParticipant("a");
tm.addParticipant("b");
tm.addParticipant("c");
tm.start();
const t = tm.getTournament();
// First round has a bye (4-slot bracket, 3 players)
const r1 = t.rounds[0]!;
const byes = r1.matches.filter((m) => m.status === "bye");
expect(byes.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
});
it("getMatch rejects an unknown id", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const tm = makeTm();
tm.addParticipant("a");
tm.addParticipant("b");
tm.start();
try {
tm.getMatch("nope");
expect.fail();
} catch (err) {
expect((err as GameServerError).code).toBe(
"GAME_SERVER.TOURNAMENT_MATCH_NOT_FOUND"
);
}
});
it("recordResult rejects unknown winner", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const tm = makeTm();
tm.addParticipant("a");
tm.addParticipant("b");
tm.start();
const id = tm.getTournament().rounds[0]!.matches[0]!.id;
try {
tm.recordResult(id, "z");
expect.fail();
} catch (err) {
expect((err as GameServerError).code).toBe(
"GAME_SERVER.TOURNAMENT_INVALID_RESULT"
);
}
});
it("recordResult rejects when match already completed", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
const tm = makeTm();
tm.addParticipant("a");
tm.addParticipant("b");
tm.start();
const id = tm.getTournament().rounds[0]!.matches[0]!.id;
tm.recordResult(id, "a");
expect(() => tm.recordResult(id, "a")).toThrow();
});
it("recordResult rejects when participants not set (later round)", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
const tm = makeTm({ max: 4 });
tm.addParticipant("a");
tm.addParticipant("b");
tm.addParticipant("c");
tm.addParticipant("d");
tm.start();
const finalsId = tm.getTournament().rounds[1]!.matches[0]!.id;
try {
tm.recordResult(finalsId, "a");
expect.fail();
} catch (err) {
expect((err as GameServerError).code).toBe(
"GAME_SERVER.TOURNAMENT_INVALID_RESULT"
);
}
});
it("round-robin completes after all rounds played", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
const tm = makeTm({ bracketType: "round-robin", max: 4 });
tm.addParticipant("a");
tm.addParticipant("b");
tm.addParticipant("c");
tm.addParticipant("d");
tm.start();
for (const round of tm.getTournament().rounds) {
for (const m of round.matches) {
tm.recordResult(m.id, m.participant1!.id);
}
}
expect(tm.getTournament().status).toBe("completed");
expect(tm.getWinner()).not.toBeNull();
});
it("round-robin handles odd participant counts", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
const tm = makeTm({ bracketType: "round-robin", max: 4 });
tm.addParticipant("a");
tm.addParticipant("b");
tm.addParticipant("c");
tm.start();
const total = tm
.getTournament()
.rounds.flatMap((r) => r.matches).length;
expect(total).toBeGreaterThan(0);
});
it("shuffleSeeds uses injected RNG deterministically", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
const rng = deterministicRng([0, 1, 0, 1]);
const tm = makeTm({ shuffle: true, max: 4, rng });
tm.addParticipant("a");
tm.addParticipant("b");
tm.addParticipant("c");
tm.addParticipant("d");
tm.start();
const seeds = tm.getTournament().participants.map((p) => p.seed);
expect(seeds).toEqual([1, 2, 3, 4]);
});
it("useSeeding=false preserves registration order", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
const tm = makeTm({ useSeeding: false });
tm.addParticipant("z");
tm.addParticipant("a");
tm.start();
expect(tm.getTournament().participants.map((p) => p.id)).toEqual([
"z",
"a",
]);
});
it("seeding sort runs when useSeeding=true without shuffle", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
const tm = makeTm({ useSeeding: true });
tm.addParticipant("a", undefined, 3);
tm.addParticipant("b", undefined, 1);
tm.start();
expect(tm.getTournament().participants[0]?.seed).toBe(1);
});
it("cancel transitions status; rejects after completion", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
const tm = makeTm();
tm.addParticipant("a");
tm.addParticipant("b");
tm.start();
tm.cancel();
expect(tm.getTournament().status).toBe("cancelled");
const tm2 = makeTm();
tm2.addParticipant("a");
tm2.addParticipant("b");
tm2.start();
const id = tm2.getTournament().rounds[0]!.matches[0]!.id;
tm2.recordResult(id, "a");
try {
tm2.cancel();
expect.fail();
} catch (err) {
expect((err as GameServerError).code).toBe(
"GAME_SERVER.TOURNAMENT_INVALID_STATE"
);
}
});
it("getStats reports counts", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const tm = makeTm({ max: 4 });
tm.addParticipant("a");
tm.addParticipant("b");
tm.addParticipant("c");
tm.addParticipant("d");
tm.start();
const s = tm.getStats();
expect(s.totalMatches).toBeGreaterThan(0);
expect(s.activeParticipants).toBe(4);
});
it("getStats after completion uses rounds.length fallback", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
const tm = makeTm();
tm.addParticipant("a");
tm.addParticipant("b");
tm.start();
const id = tm.getTournament().rounds[0]!.matches[0]!.id;
tm.recordResult(id, "a");
const s = tm.getStats();
expect(s.currentRound).toBe(tm.getTournament().rounds.length);
});
it("getStandings returns rank-sorted array", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const tm = makeTm();
tm.addParticipant("a");
tm.addParticipant("b");
tm.start();
const id = tm.getTournament().rounds[0]!.matches[0]!.id;
tm.recordResult(id, "a");
const st = tm.getStandings();
expect(st[0]?.participant.id).toBe("a");
});
it("getWinner is null while pending", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const tm = makeTm();
expect(tm.getWinner()).toBeNull();
});
it("default idGenerator yields unique match ids", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
const tm = new TournamentManager<undefined, undefined>({
id: "t",
name: "n",
bracketType: "single-elimination",
maxParticipants: 4,
});
tm.addParticipant("a");
tm.addParticipant("b");
tm.start();
const ids = tm
.getTournament()
.rounds.flatMap((r) => r.matches.map((m) => m.id));
expect(new Set(ids).size).toBe(ids.length);
});
it("shuffle without nextIntInRange leaves order intact", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
const rng: Rng = {
nextUint32: () => 1,
nextFloat: () => 0,
};
const tm = makeTm({ shuffle: true, rng });
tm.addParticipant("a");
tm.addParticipant("b");
tm.start();
expect(tm.getTournament().participants.map((p) => p.id)).toEqual([
"a",
"b",
]);
});
});

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import type { Counter, Meter } from "@opentelemetry/api";
import { metrics as otelMetrics } from "@opentelemetry/api";
import type { Clock, IdGenerator, Rng } from "@suaveplan/types";
import { GAME_SERVER_CODES, GameServerError } from "../../../errors/index.js";
import {
buildRoundRobin,
buildSingleElim,
shuffleWithRng,
} from "./tournament-bracket.internal.js";
import {
type BracketType,
type Match,
type Participant,
type Standing,
type Tournament,
type TournamentConfig,
TournamentConfigSchema,
type TournamentStats,
} from "./tournament-manager.types.js";
import {
applyStanding,
findMatch,
markEliminated,
markRoundCompleteIfDone,
} from "./tournament-standings.internal.js";
export interface TournamentManagerDeps {
/** Wall-clock source. Defaults to `Date.now`. */
clock?: Clock;
/** RNG for seed shuffling. */
rng?: Rng;
/** Unique-id source for matches. */
idGenerator?: IdGenerator;
/** Optional OTel meter. */
meter?: Meter;
}
/**
* Bracket-tournament manager covering single-elimination and round-robin
* formats. Seeding is deterministic when `useSeeding` is on; shuffling
* uses an injected `Rng` so seeded replays are reproducible.
*/
export class TournamentManager<TParticipant = unknown, TResult = unknown> {
private readonly clock: Clock;
private readonly rng: Rng | undefined;
private readonly idGen: IdGenerator;
private tournament: Tournament<TParticipant, TResult>;
private matchCounter = 0;
private readonly matchCounterMetric: Counter;
public constructor(
config: TournamentConfig,
deps: TournamentManagerDeps = {}
) {
const parsed = TournamentConfigSchema.safeParse(config);
if (!parsed.success) {
throw new GameServerError(
GAME_SERVER_CODES.INVALID_BRACKET_TYPE,
"Invalid TournamentConfig",
{ cause: parsed.error, context: { config } }
);
}
this.clock = deps.clock ?? Date.now;
this.rng = deps.rng;
this.idGen =
deps.idGenerator ?? (() => `match-${(this.matchCounter += 1)}`);
const c = parsed.data;
this.tournament = {
config: {
id: c.id,
name: c.name,
bracketType: c.bracketType,
maxParticipants: c.maxParticipants,
useSeeding: c.useSeeding ?? true,
shuffleSeeds: c.shuffleSeeds ?? false,
winPoints: c.winPoints ?? 3,
drawPoints: c.drawPoints ?? 1,
lossPoints: c.lossPoints ?? 0,
},
status: "pending",
participants: [],
rounds: [],
standings: [],
winner: null,
createdAt: this.clock(),
startedAt: null,
endedAt: null,
};
const m = deps.meter ?? otelMetrics.getMeter("@suaveplan/game-server");
this.matchCounterMetric = m.createCounter(
"game_server.tournament.match_total",
{ description: "Tournament matches by op (created, completed)" }
);
}
/** Add a participant. */
public addParticipant(
id: string,
data?: TParticipant,
seed?: number
): Participant<TParticipant> {
if (this.tournament.status !== "pending") {
throw new GameServerError(
GAME_SERVER_CODES.TOURNAMENT_INVALID_STATE,
"Cannot add participants after start"
);
}
if (
this.tournament.participants.length >=
this.tournament.config.maxParticipants
) {
throw new GameServerError(
GAME_SERVER_CODES.TOURNAMENT_FULL,
"Tournament is full"
);
}
if (this.tournament.participants.some((p) => p.id === id)) {
throw new GameServerError(
GAME_SERVER_CODES.TOURNAMENT_DUPLICATE_PARTICIPANT,
`Participant "${id}" already registered`
);
}
const p: Participant<TParticipant> = {
id,
seed: seed ?? this.tournament.participants.length + 1,
data,
};
this.tournament.participants.push(p);
this.tournament.standings.push({
participant: p,
rank: 0,
wins: 0,
losses: 0,
draws: 0,
points: 0,
eliminated: false,
});
return p;
}
/** Begin the tournament: lock participants and build the bracket. */
public start(): void {
if (this.tournament.status !== "pending") {
throw new GameServerError(
GAME_SERVER_CODES.TOURNAMENT_INVALID_STATE,
"Tournament already started"
);
}
if (this.tournament.participants.length < 2) {
throw new GameServerError(
GAME_SERVER_CODES.TOURNAMENT_INSUFFICIENT_PARTICIPANTS,
"Need at least 2 participants"
);
}
if (this.tournament.config.shuffleSeeds) {
shuffleWithRng(this.tournament.participants, this.rng);
this.tournament.participants.forEach((p, i) => {
this.tournament.participants[i] = { ...p, seed: i + 1 };
});
} else if (this.tournament.config.useSeeding) {
this.tournament.participants.sort((a, b) => a.seed - b.seed);
}
this.tournament.status = "in-progress";
this.tournament.startedAt = this.clock();
const factory = (round: number, position: number) =>
this.createMatch(round, position);
this.tournament.rounds =
this.tournament.config.bracketType === "single-elimination"
? buildSingleElim(this.tournament.participants, factory)
: buildRoundRobin(this.tournament.participants, factory);
this.propagateByes();
}
/** Look up a match by id. */
public getMatch(matchId: string): Match<TParticipant, TResult> {
const found = findMatch(this.tournament.rounds, matchId);
if (!found) {
throw new GameServerError(
GAME_SERVER_CODES.TOURNAMENT_MATCH_NOT_FOUND,
`Match "${matchId}" not found`,
{ context: { matchId } }
);
}
return found;
}
/** Record a match result and advance the winner. */
public recordResult(
matchId: string,
winnerId: string,
resultData?: TResult
): Match<TParticipant, TResult> {
const match = this.getMatch(matchId);
if (match.status === "completed" || match.status === "bye") {
throw new GameServerError(
GAME_SERVER_CODES.TOURNAMENT_INVALID_RESULT,
"Match already completed"
);
}
if (!match.participant1 || !match.participant2) {
throw new GameServerError(
GAME_SERVER_CODES.TOURNAMENT_INVALID_RESULT,
"Match participants not set"
);
}
const winner = [match.participant1, match.participant2].find(
(p) => p.id === winnerId
);
if (!winner) {
throw new GameServerError(
GAME_SERVER_CODES.TOURNAMENT_INVALID_RESULT,
"Winner not in match"
);
}
const loser = [match.participant1, match.participant2].find(
(p) => p.id !== winnerId
)!;
match.status = "completed";
match.result = {
winnerId,
loserId: loser.id,
data: resultData,
};
this.matchCounterMetric.add(1, { op: "completed" });
applyStanding(
this.tournament.standings,
winner,
loser,
this.tournament.config.winPoints,
this.tournament.config.lossPoints
);
this.advanceWinner(match, winner);
if (this.tournament.config.bracketType === "single-elimination") {
markEliminated(this.tournament.standings, loser.id);
}
markRoundCompleteIfDone(this.tournament.rounds, match);
this.checkTournamentCompletion();
return match;
}
/** Cancel an unfinished tournament. */
public cancel(): void {
if (this.tournament.status === "completed") {
throw new GameServerError(
GAME_SERVER_CODES.TOURNAMENT_INVALID_STATE,
"Cannot cancel completed tournament"
);
}
this.tournament.status = "cancelled";
this.tournament.endedAt = this.clock();
}
/** Aggregate statistics. */
public getStats(): TournamentStats {
const all = this.tournament.rounds.flatMap((r) => r.matches);
const completed = all.filter(
(m) => m.status === "completed" || m.status === "bye"
).length;
const active = this.tournament.standings.filter(
(s) => !s.eliminated
).length;
const currentRound =
this.tournament.rounds.find((r) => !r.completed)?.number ??
this.tournament.rounds.length;
return {
totalMatches: all.length,
completedMatches: completed,
remainingMatches: all.length - completed,
currentRound,
activeParticipants: active,
eliminatedParticipants:
this.tournament.participants.length - active,
};
}
/** Tournament view. */
public getTournament(): Tournament<TParticipant, TResult> {
return this.tournament;
}
/** Winner or `null` until tournament completes. */
public getWinner(): Participant<TParticipant> | null {
return this.tournament.winner;
}
/** Current standings (rank-sorted). */
public getStandings(): ReadonlyArray<Standing<TParticipant>> {
return [...this.tournament.standings];
}
private createMatch(
round: number,
position: number
): Match<TParticipant, TResult> {
this.matchCounterMetric.add(1, { op: "created" });
return {
id: this.idGen(),
round,
position,
participant1: null,
participant2: null,
status: "pending",
result: null,
nextMatchId: null,
};
}
private propagateByes(): void {
for (const round of this.tournament.rounds) {
for (const m of round.matches) {
if (m.status === "bye" && m.participant1) {
this.advanceWinner(m, m.participant1);
}
}
}
}
private advanceWinner(
match: Match<TParticipant, TResult>,
winner: Participant<TParticipant>
): void {
if (!match.nextMatchId) return;
const next = findMatch(this.tournament.rounds, match.nextMatchId)!;
if (next.participant1 === null) next.participant1 = winner;
else next.participant2 = winner;
}
private checkTournamentCompletion(): void {
const active = this.tournament.standings.filter((s) => !s.eliminated);
const all = this.tournament.rounds.every((r) => r.completed);
if (this.tournament.config.bracketType === "round-robin" && all) {
const sorted = [...active].sort((a, b) => b.points - a.points);
this.tournament.winner = sorted[0]!.participant;
this.completeTournament();
} else if (active.length === 1) {
this.tournament.winner = active[0]!.participant;
this.completeTournament();
}
}
private completeTournament(): void {
this.tournament.status = "completed";
this.tournament.endedAt = this.clock();
}
}
export type { BracketType };

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import z from "zod";
/** Supported bracket types. */
export const BracketTypeSchema = z.enum(["single-elimination", "round-robin"]);
export type BracketType = z.infer<typeof BracketTypeSchema>;
/** Tournament lifecycle status. */
export const TournamentStatusSchema = z.enum([
"pending",
"in-progress",
"completed",
"cancelled",
]);
export type TournamentStatus = z.infer<typeof TournamentStatusSchema>;
/** Match status. */
export const MatchStatusSchema = z.enum([
"pending",
"in-progress",
"completed",
"bye",
]);
export type MatchStatus = z.infer<typeof MatchStatusSchema>;
/** Tournament configuration. */
export interface TournamentConfig {
readonly id: string;
readonly name: string;
readonly bracketType: BracketType;
readonly maxParticipants: number;
readonly useSeeding?: boolean;
readonly shuffleSeeds?: boolean;
readonly winPoints?: number;
readonly drawPoints?: number;
readonly lossPoints?: number;
}
export const TournamentConfigSchema = z
.object({
id: z.string().min(1),
name: z.string().min(1),
bracketType: BracketTypeSchema,
maxParticipants: z.number().int().positive(),
useSeeding: z.boolean().optional(),
shuffleSeeds: z.boolean().optional(),
winPoints: z.number().int().nonnegative().optional(),
drawPoints: z.number().int().nonnegative().optional(),
lossPoints: z.number().int().nonnegative().optional(),
})
.strict();
/** A registered participant. */
export interface Participant<TData = unknown> {
readonly id: string;
readonly seed: number;
readonly data?: TData | undefined;
}
/** A match result payload. */
export interface MatchResult<TResult = unknown> {
readonly winnerId: string;
readonly loserId: string | null;
readonly data?: TResult | undefined;
}
/** A bracket match. */
export interface Match<TParticipant = unknown, TResult = unknown> {
readonly id: string;
readonly round: number;
readonly position: number;
participant1: Participant<TParticipant> | null;
participant2: Participant<TParticipant> | null;
status: MatchStatus;
result: MatchResult<TResult> | null;
nextMatchId: string | null;
}
/** A bracket round. */
export interface Round<TParticipant = unknown, TResult = unknown> {
readonly number: number;
readonly name: string;
readonly matches: Match<TParticipant, TResult>[];
completed: boolean;
}
/** Participant standing in the tournament. */
export interface Standing<TParticipant = unknown> {
readonly participant: Participant<TParticipant>;
rank: number;
wins: number;
losses: number;
draws: number;
points: number;
eliminated: boolean;
}
/** Aggregate tournament view. */
export interface Tournament<TParticipant = unknown, TResult = unknown> {
readonly config: Required<
Omit<TournamentConfig, "useSeeding" | "shuffleSeeds">
> & { useSeeding: boolean; shuffleSeeds: boolean };
status: TournamentStatus;
participants: Participant<TParticipant>[];
rounds: Round<TParticipant, TResult>[];
standings: Standing<TParticipant>[];
winner: Participant<TParticipant> | null;
readonly createdAt: number;
startedAt: number | null;
endedAt: number | null;
}
/** Aggregate stats. */
export interface TournamentStats {
readonly totalMatches: number;
readonly completedMatches: number;
readonly remainingMatches: number;
readonly currentRound: number;
readonly activeParticipants: number;
readonly eliminatedParticipants: number;
}

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# tournament-standings.internal
## Purpose
Pure helper utilities for the standings table inside a tournament:
applying a win/loss outcome, marking participants eliminated, locating a
match by id, and flipping a round to completed. Extracted from
`tournament-manager.ts` to keep that file under the project's 300-line
hard limit while preserving full behaviour through the public API.
The helpers are stateless and take their targets by reference so the
manager retains exclusive ownership of mutability. They are covered
indirectly via the manager's public surface tests rather than directly,
which is the standard pattern for `.internal.ts` modules in this repo.
## Features
- `applyStanding` — write outcome + resort + re-rank in one call.
- `markEliminated` — set `eliminated = true` by participant id.
- `findMatch` — linear scan across rounds (small N).
- `markRoundCompleteIfDone` — flip round completion idempotently.
## Usage: Basic
```ts
import { applyStanding } from "./tournament-standings.internal.js";
applyStanding(standings, winner, loser, 3, 0);
```
## Usage: Advanced
```ts
import {
applyStanding,
findMatch,
markEliminated,
markRoundCompleteIfDone,
} from "./tournament-standings.internal.js";
applyStanding(tournament.standings, winner, loser, winPoints, lossPoints);
markEliminated(tournament.standings, loser.id);
const next = findMatch(tournament.rounds, currentMatch.nextMatchId!);
markRoundCompleteIfDone(tournament.rounds, currentMatch);
```
## API Reference
- `applyStanding(standings, winner, loser, winPoints, lossPoints): void`
- `markEliminated(standings, id): void`
- `findMatch(rounds, matchId): Match | null`
- `markRoundCompleteIfDone(rounds, match): void`
## Implementation Notes
The standings sort is stable on points first, then wins, then losses
ascending — the conventional Swiss-style ordering. Re-sorting after every
outcome is `O(N log N)` per result; for typical bracket sizes (≤ 256
participants) this is well under a millisecond and avoids the
bookkeeping complexity of an incremental order-statistic structure.
`findMatch` is a linear scan across all rounds. Bracket-size rounds grow
logarithmically with participant count in single-elimination and
linearly in round-robin, so the total match count stays small relative to
typical scan budgets. A hot-path id-to-match index would be premature
optimisation here and would force the manager to keep two structures in
sync.
`markRoundCompleteIfDone` treats `bye` and `completed` as equivalent
terminal states so a round consisting entirely of byes is reported as
done immediately after `start()`, which keeps `getStats().currentRound`
advancing through automatic walkovers without manual intervention.

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import type {
Match,
Participant,
Round,
Standing,
} from "./tournament-manager.types.js";
/** Apply a win/loss outcome to standings and re-sort. */
export function applyStanding<TP>(
standings: Standing<TP>[],
winner: Participant<TP>,
loser: Participant<TP>,
winPoints: number,
lossPoints: number
): void {
const ws = standings.find((s) => s.participant.id === winner.id)!;
const ls = standings.find((s) => s.participant.id === loser.id)!;
ws.wins += 1;
ws.points += winPoints;
ls.losses += 1;
ls.points += lossPoints;
standings.sort(
(a, b) => b.points - a.points || b.wins - a.wins || a.losses - b.losses
);
standings.forEach((s, i) => {
s.rank = i + 1;
});
}
/** Mark a participant as eliminated by id. */
export function markEliminated<TP>(
standings: Standing<TP>[],
id: string
): void {
const s = standings.find((st) => st.participant.id === id)!;
s.eliminated = true;
}
/** Locate a match in any round. */
export function findMatch<TP, TR>(
rounds: Round<TP, TR>[],
matchId: string
): Match<TP, TR> | null {
for (const r of rounds) {
const m = r.matches.find((x) => x.id === matchId);
if (m) return m;
}
return null;
}
/** Mark a round completed when every match in it is settled. */
export function markRoundCompleteIfDone<TP, TR>(
rounds: Round<TP, TR>[],
match: Match<TP, TR>
): void {
const round = rounds.find((r) => r.matches.some((m) => m.id === match.id));
if (
round?.matches.every(
(m) => m.status === "completed" || m.status === "bye"
)
) {
round.completed = true;
}
}