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# @suaveplan/emblem-solver - Minimal-rectangle SVG converter for pixelated sprite emblems: layered occlusion, overlapping rect optimisation, dual-axis maximal rectangles, strip decomposition, and exhaustive layer ordering
Minimal-rectangle SVG converter for pixelated sprite emblems.
Converts a pixel grid (`RGBA[]`) into the smallest possible set of
axis-aligned coloured rectangles by combining four covering strategies
(dual-axis maximal rectangles + greedy cover, per-island independent
cover, strip decomposition, adjacent-rect merge), pairwise + triple-wise
overlap reductions, and exhaustive z-stacking search across up to 8! layer
orderings. Outputs a deterministic SVG string ready for direct embedding
or further compression.
<!-- begin:auto-docs -->
## Documentation tree
- [converter](./src/converter/converter.md) — This module is the public-facing entry point of `@suaveplan/emblem-solver`. It coordinates the entire pipeline — schema…
- [converter](./src/converter/converter.md) — This module is the public-facing entry point of `@suaveplan/emblem-solver`. It coordinates the entire pipeline — schema…
- [errors](./src/errors/errors.md) — This module exposes the typed error surface for `@suaveplan/emblem-solver`. It defines the stable, namespaced code regi…
- [errors](./src/errors/errors.md) — This module exposes the typed error surface for `@suaveplan/emblem-solver`. It defines the stable, namespaced code regi…
- [fixtures](./src/fixtures/fixtures.md) — This module is the canonical test-fixture surface for the package. Each exported function returns a deterministic `RGBA…
- [fixtures](./src/fixtures/fixtures.md) — This module is the canonical test-fixture surface for the package. Each exported function returns a deterministic `RGBA…
- [analyse](./src/grid/analyse/analyse.md) — This module owns `analyseGrid`, the diagnostic phase of the conversion pipeline. It walks an RGBA grid once, buckets op…
- [analyse](./src/grid/analyse/analyse.md) — This module owns `analyseGrid`, the diagnostic phase of the conversion pipeline. It walks an RGBA grid once, buckets op…
- [helpers](./src/helpers/helpers.md) — This module is the shared kernel of utility functions used by the analyser, the solver strategies, and the optimisers.…
- [helpers](./src/helpers/helpers.md) — This module is the shared kernel of utility functions used by the analyser, the solver strategies, and the optimisers.…
- [parse](./src/io/parse/parse.md) — This module owns the two import paths into the solver: `parseRGBABuffer` turns a raw RGBA `Uint8Array` (e.g. the output…
- [parse](./src/io/parse/parse.md) — This module owns the two import paths into the solver: `parseRGBABuffer` turns a raw RGBA `Uint8Array` (e.g. the output…
- [merge](./src/optimizer/merge/merge.md) — This module owns `mergeAdjacentRects`, the post-processing pass that combines pairs of edge-sharing same-extent rectang…
- [merge](./src/optimizer/merge/merge.md) — This module owns `mergeAdjacentRects`, the post-processing pass that combines pairs of edge-sharing same-extent rectang…
- [overlap](./src/optimizer/overlap/overlap.md) — This module owns `optimiseOverlap`, the deepest cover-reduction pass in the package. It looks for three patterns that t…
- [overlap](./src/optimizer/overlap/overlap.md) — This module owns `optimiseOverlap`, the deepest cover-reduction pass in the package. It looks for three patterns that t…
- [redundancy](./src/optimizer/redundancy/redundancy.md) — This module owns `eliminateRedundant`, the final cross-layer optimisation the converter runs after every layer's cover…
- [redundancy](./src/optimizer/redundancy/redundancy.md) — This module owns `eliminateRedundant`, the final cross-layer optimisation the converter runs after every layer's cover…
- [schemas](./src/schemas/schemas.md) — This module owns the runtime validation surface for `@suaveplan/emblem-solver`. It exposes `ConvertOptionsSchema`, a Zo…
- [schemas](./src/schemas/schemas.md) — This module owns the runtime validation surface for `@suaveplan/emblem-solver`. It exposes `ConvertOptionsSchema`, a Zo…
- [greedy](./src/solver/greedy/greedy.md) — This module provides the greedy selector that drives the primary covering strategy. `enhancedGreedyCover` picks rectang…
- [greedy](./src/solver/greedy/greedy.md) — This module provides the greedy selector that drives the primary covering strategy. `enhancedGreedyCover` picks rectang…
- [histogram](./src/solver/histogram/histogram.md) — This module enumerates every distinct maximal-rectangle candidate inside an opaque-pixel grid. It is the candidate pool…
- [histogram](./src/solver/histogram/histogram.md) — This module enumerates every distinct maximal-rectangle candidate inside an opaque-pixel grid. It is the candidate pool…
- [layer](./src/solver/layer/layer.md) — This module owns `processLayerMultiStrategy`, the function the converter calls once per layer in the current ordering.…
- [layer](./src/solver/layer/layer.md) — This module owns `processLayerMultiStrategy`, the function the converter calls once per layer in the current ordering.…
- [ordering](./src/solver/ordering/ordering.md) — This module provides the layer-ordering machinery the converter consults when it has to decide which colour sits on the…
- [ordering](./src/solver/ordering/ordering.md) — This module provides the layer-ordering machinery the converter consults when it has to decide which colour sits on the…
- [strip](./src/solver/strip/strip.md) — This module implements `stripDecomposition`, a complementary cover strategy that ignores the maximal-rect candidate poo…
- [strip](./src/solver/strip/strip.md) — This module implements `stripDecomposition`, a complementary cover strategy that ignores the maximal-rect candidate poo…
- [build](./src/svg/build/build.md) — This module owns `buildSVG`, the deterministic SVG serialiser the converter uses to produce its final `<svg>` string. I…
- [build](./src/svg/build/build.md) — This module owns `buildSVG`, the deterministic SVG serialiser the converter uses to produce its final `<svg>` string. I…
- [telemetry](./src/telemetry/telemetry.md) — This module owns the OpenTelemetry instruments emitted by `convert()`. It exposes a counter (`emblem_solver.convert.tot…
- [telemetry](./src/telemetry/telemetry.md) — This module owns the OpenTelemetry instruments emitted by `convert()`. It exposes a counter (`emblem_solver.convert.tot…
- [types](./src/types/types.md) — This module is the single source of truth for the public type surface of `@suaveplan/emblem-solver`. It defines the imm…
- [types](./src/types/types.md) — This module is the single source of truth for the public type surface of `@suaveplan/emblem-solver`. It defines the imm…
<!-- end:auto-docs -->
## Install
```sh
bun add @suaveplan/emblem-solver
```
## Quick start
```ts
import { convert, fromIndexedGrid } from "@suaveplan/emblem-solver";
const { pixels, width, height } = fromIndexedGrid(
[
[0, 1, 0],
[1, 1, 1],
[0, 1, 0],
],
new Map([[1, { r: 255, g: 0, b: 0 }]])
);
const { svg, totalRects, ratio } = convert(pixels, width, height);
console.log(svg); // <svg …>…</svg>
console.log(totalRects); // 2 — the cross collapses to two overlapping rects
console.log(ratio.toFixed(1)); // 2.5 — naïve per-pixel would have been 5 rects
```
## API surface
| Symbol | Subpath | Purpose |
|---|---|---|
| `convert` | root | Public orchestrator |
| `analyseGrid` | `/grid` | Per-colour islands, density, fragmentation |
| `parseRGBABuffer`, `fromIndexedGrid` | `/io` | Input adapters |
| `buildSVG` | `/svg` | Standalone serialiser |
| `dualAxisMaximalRects`, `enhancedGreedyCover`, `perIslandCover`, `stripDecomposition`, `processLayerMultiStrategy`, `permutations`, `factorial`, `getStaticOrdering` | `/solver` | Composition primitives |
| `mergeAdjacentRects`, `optimiseOverlap`, `eliminateRedundant` | `/optimizer` | Composition primitives |
| `ConvertOptionsSchema` | `/schemas` | Zod input validation |
| `EmblemSolverError`, `EMBLEM_SOLVER_CODES` | `/errors` | Typed errors |
## Options
```ts
interface ConvertOptions {
/** Default: "auto" */
layerOrder?: "auto" | "area-desc" | "area-asc" | "island-aware" | "perimeter-desc";
/** Default: 40320 (= 8!) */
maxPermutations?: number;
/** Default: Math.random — supply a seeded RNG for deterministic auto-ordering on > 8-colour inputs */
rng?: () => number;
}
```
## Errors
All failures throw `EmblemSolverError` whose `.code` is one of:
- `EMBLEM_SOLVER.INVALID_GRID` — dimensions non-positive or
`pixels.length !== width * height`.
- `EMBLEM_SOLVER.INVALID_OPTIONS` — Zod rejected the options bag.
- `EMBLEM_SOLVER.INVALID_PIXEL` — reserved for future use.
## Observability
`convert()` emits two OpenTelemetry instruments via the meter
`@suaveplan/emblem-solver`:
- Counter `emblem_solver.convert.total`
- Histogram `emblem_solver.convert.duration_ms` (unit: `ms`)
Instruments are registered lazily on first call, so importing the package
has no observability side effects.
## Tier
Universal: zero browser / Node / React dependencies. Runs unchanged on
Bun, Node, Deno, and modern browsers.
## License
MIT — Suaveplan Team.

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{
"name": "@suaveplan/emblem-solver",
"version": "0.1.0",
"type": "module",
"sideEffects": false,
"description": "Minimal-rectangle SVG converter for pixelated sprite emblems: layered occlusion, overlapping rect optimisation, dual-axis maximal rectangles, strip decomposition, and exhaustive layer ordering",
"license": "MIT",
"author": "Suaveplan Team",
"main": "./dist/index.js",
"module": "./dist/index.js",
"types": "./dist/index.d.ts",
"exports": {
"./package.json": "./package.json",
".": {
"import": {
"types": "./dist/index.d.ts",
"default": "./dist/index.js"
}
},
"./types": {
"import": {
"types": "./dist/types/types.d.ts",
"default": "./dist/types/types.js"
}
},
"./errors": {
"import": {
"types": "./dist/errors/index.d.ts",
"default": "./dist/errors/index.js"
}
},
"./schemas": {
"import": {
"types": "./dist/schemas/index.d.ts",
"default": "./dist/schemas/index.js"
}
},
"./grid": {
"import": {
"types": "./dist/grid/index.d.ts",
"default": "./dist/grid/index.js"
}
},
"./io": {
"import": {
"types": "./dist/io/index.d.ts",
"default": "./dist/io/index.js"
}
},
"./svg": {
"import": {
"types": "./dist/svg/index.d.ts",
"default": "./dist/svg/index.js"
}
},
"./solver": {
"import": {
"types": "./dist/solver/index.d.ts",
"default": "./dist/solver/index.js"
}
},
"./optimizer": {
"import": {
"types": "./dist/optimizer/index.d.ts",
"default": "./dist/optimizer/index.js"
}
}
},
"scripts": {
"build": "vite build",
"test": "vitest run --passWithNoTests",
"test:watch": "vitest",
"test:coverage": "vitest run --coverage --passWithNoTests",
"lint": "bunx biome check src/",
"lint:fix": "bunx biome lint --fix --unsafe --max-diagnostics 500 src/",
"format": "bunx biome format --write --max-diagnostics 500 src/",
"check": "bunx biome check --write --unsafe --max-diagnostics 500 src/",
"typecheck": "bunx tsc --noEmit --composite false -p tsconfig.lib.json",
"docs:check": "bun run ../../../../scripts/docs-check.ts ."
},
"dependencies": {
"@suaveplan/error": "workspace:^",
"tslib": "catalog:build",
"zod": "catalog:forms",
"@opentelemetry/api": "catalog:observability"
},
"devDependencies": {
"@suaveplan/testing": "workspace:^",
"@types/node": "catalog:",
"@vitest/coverage-istanbul": "catalog:testing",
"fast-check": "catalog:testing",
"typescript": "catalog:",
"vite": "catalog:build",
"vite-plugin-dts": "catalog:build",
"vitest": "catalog:testing"
},
"publishConfig": {
"registry": "https://npmjs.fq.io/",
"access": "public"
},
"files": [
"dist",
"src",
"README.md"
]
}

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# `converter/converter.ts` — public `convert()` orchestrator
<!-- begin:auto-docs -->
_(no submodules)_
<!-- end:auto-docs -->
## Purpose
This module is the public-facing entry point of `@suaveplan/emblem-solver`.
It coordinates the entire pipeline — schema validation, grid validation,
grid analysis, ordering search, per-layer covering, cross-layer redundancy
elimination, SVG serialisation, and OpenTelemetry instrument recording —
into a single deterministic call: `convert(pixels, width, height,
options?)`.
## Features
- Zod-validated options with strict-mode unknown-key rejection.
- Grid validation (`width > 0`, `height > 0`, `pixels.length === w*h`).
- Two orderings paths: exhaustive permutation search when
`factorial(colourCount) ≤ maxPermutations`, otherwise four static
heuristics plus up to 1000 RNG-driven random samples.
- Injectable `rng` for deterministic auto-ordering on > 8-colour inputs.
- OTel counter + histogram recorded around the algorithmic core.
- Early-return for fully-transparent input — emits a viewBox-only SVG and
zero layers.
## Usage: Basic
```ts
import { convert, fromIndexedGrid } from "@suaveplan/emblem-solver";
const { pixels, width, height } = fromIndexedGrid(
[
[0, 1, 0],
[1, 1, 1],
[0, 1, 0],
],
new Map([[1, { r: 255, g: 0, b: 0 }]])
);
const result = convert(pixels, width, height);
console.log(result.totalRects, "rects;", result.svg.length, "bytes");
```
## Usage: Advanced
```ts
import { convert } from "@suaveplan/emblem-solver";
// Seeded RNG → deterministic auto-mode output on >8-colour inputs.
function mulberry32(seed: number): () => number {
let s = seed >>> 0;
return () => {
s = (s + 0x6d2b79f5) >>> 0;
let t = s;
t = Math.imul(t ^ (t >>> 15), t | 1);
t ^= t + Math.imul(t ^ (t >>> 7), t | 61);
return ((t ^ (t >>> 14)) >>> 0) / 4294967296;
};
}
const a = convert(pixels, w, h, {
layerOrder: "auto",
maxPermutations: 16,
rng: mulberry32(123),
});
const b = convert(pixels, w, h, {
layerOrder: "auto",
maxPermutations: 16,
rng: mulberry32(123),
});
console.assert(a.svg === b.svg, "deterministic round-trip");
```
## API Reference
| Symbol | Kind | Description |
|---|---|---|
| `convert(pixels, w, h, options?)` | fn | Returns `ConvertResult` |
| Throws | When |
|---|---|
| `EmblemSolverError(INVALID_OPTIONS)` | Zod schema rejects `options` |
| `EmblemSolverError(INVALID_GRID)` | non-positive dims or `pixels.length` mismatch |
## Implementation Notes
The orchestrator uses `Date.now()` for the duration histogram —
millisecond resolution is sufficient for OTel and the clock is universal
across Bun, Node, Deno, and browsers.
The fisher-Yates shuffle uses the injected `rng` directly so a seeded
source is byte-stable across runs. The heuristic branch is deliberate
about its sample budget: `min(maxPermutations - 4, 1000)` because the
four static strategies are evaluated first, and beyond 1000 samples the
upstream measurements showed diminishing returns. `eliminateRedundant`
mutates `bestLayers` in place inside `processOrdering`, which is safe
because `processOrdering` returns a freshly-allocated array per
invocation.

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import { describe, expect, it } from "@suaveplan/testing/runner";
import fc from "fast-check";
import { EMBLEM_SOLVER_CODES, EmblemSolverError } from "../errors/errors.js";
import {
chessboard8x8,
circle16,
crest12x12,
cross3x3,
cross6x6,
donut5x5,
flagCrosses,
multiIslandStripes,
nineColours,
shieldEmblem32,
star,
tShape,
} from "../fixtures/fixtures.js";
import {
__peekTelemetryForTests,
__resetTelemetryForTests,
} from "../telemetry/telemetry.js";
import type { ConvertResult, RGBA } from "../types/types.js";
import { convert } from "./converter.js";
/** Composite the layers back to a pixel grid and assert per-pixel equality. */
function verifySVG(
result: ConvertResult,
pixels: ReadonlyArray<RGBA>,
width: number,
height: number
) {
const rendered: Array<Array<string | null>> = Array.from(
{ length: height },
() => Array<string | null>(width).fill(null)
);
const sorted = [...result.layers].sort((a, b) => a.zIndex - b.zIndex);
for (const layer of sorted) {
const fill = `${layer.colour.r},${layer.colour.g},${layer.colour.b}`;
for (const rect of layer.rects) {
for (let ry = rect.y; ry < rect.y + rect.h; ry++) {
for (let rx = rect.x; rx < rect.x + rect.w; rx++) {
const row = rendered[ry];
if (row) row[rx] = fill;
}
}
}
}
for (let y = 0; y < height; y++) {
for (let x = 0; x < width; x++) {
const px = pixels[y * width + x];
if (px && px.a === 1) {
expect(rendered[y]?.[x]).toBe(`${px.r},${px.g},${px.b}`);
}
}
}
}
/** Deterministic Mulberry32 RNG used for the seeded-rng test. */
function mulberry32(seed: number): () => number {
let s = seed >>> 0;
return () => {
s = (s + 0x6d2b79f5) >>> 0;
let t = s;
t = Math.imul(t ^ (t >>> 15), t | 1);
t ^= t + Math.imul(t ^ (t >>> 7), t | 61);
return ((t ^ (t >>> 14)) >>> 0) / 4294967296;
};
}
describe("baseline: single-colour shapes", () => {
it("chessboard 8x8: ≤33 rects", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const { pixels, width, height } = chessboard8x8();
const result = convert(pixels, width, height);
expect(result.totalRects).toBeLessThanOrEqual(33);
verifySVG(result, pixels, width, height);
});
it("cross 3x3 reduces to <=2 rects", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const { pixels, width, height } = cross3x3();
const result = convert(pixels, width, height);
expect(result.totalRects).toBeLessThanOrEqual(2);
verifySVG(result, pixels, width, height);
});
it("cross 6x6: ≤2 rects", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const { pixels, width, height } = cross6x6();
const result = convert(pixels, width, height);
expect(result.totalRects).toBeLessThanOrEqual(2);
verifySVG(result, pixels, width, height);
});
it("T-shape: ≤2 rects", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const { pixels, width, height } = tShape();
const result = convert(pixels, width, height);
expect(result.totalRects).toBeLessThanOrEqual(2);
verifySVG(result, pixels, width, height);
});
it("donut 5x5: ≤4 rects", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const { pixels, width, height } = donut5x5();
const result = convert(pixels, width, height);
expect(result.totalRects).toBeLessThanOrEqual(4);
verifySVG(result, pixels, width, height);
});
it("circle 16: ≤5 rects", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const { pixels, width, height } = circle16();
const result = convert(pixels, width, height);
expect(result.totalRects).toBeLessThanOrEqual(5);
verifySVG(result, pixels, width, height);
});
it("star shape: ratio > 3", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const { pixels, width, height } = star();
const result = convert(pixels, width, height);
expect(result.ratio).toBeGreaterThan(3);
verifySVG(result, pixels, width, height);
});
});
describe("baseline: multi-colour patterns", () => {
it("flag crosses: ≤5 rects", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const { pixels, width, height } = flagCrosses();
const result = convert(pixels, width, height);
expect(result.totalRects).toBeLessThanOrEqual(5);
verifySVG(result, pixels, width, height);
});
it("multi-island stripes: ≤3 rects", { timeout: 30000 }, () => {
const { pixels, width, height } = multiIslandStripes();
const result = convert(pixels, width, height);
expect(result.totalRects).toBeLessThanOrEqual(3);
verifySVG(result, pixels, width, height);
});
it("shield emblem 32x32 ratio > 50", { timeout: 30000 }, () => {
const { pixels, width, height } = shieldEmblem32();
const result = convert(pixels, width, height);
expect(result.ratio).toBeGreaterThan(50);
verifySVG(result, pixels, width, height);
});
it("crest 12x12: ratio > 3", { timeout: 30000 }, () => {
const { pixels, width, height } = crest12x12();
const result = convert(pixels, width, height);
expect(result.ratio).toBeGreaterThan(3);
verifySVG(result, pixels, width, height);
});
});
describe("edge cases", () => {
it("solid colour 4x4 = 1 rect", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const pixels: RGBA[] = Array(16).fill({ r: 255, g: 0, b: 0, a: 1 });
const result = convert(pixels, 4, 4);
expect(result.totalRects).toBe(1);
verifySVG(result, pixels, 4, 4);
});
it("fully transparent = 0 rects", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const pixels: RGBA[] = Array(16).fill({ r: 0, g: 0, b: 0, a: 0 });
const result = convert(pixels, 4, 4);
expect(result.totalRects).toBe(0);
expect(result.layers).toHaveLength(0);
expect(result.ratio).toBe(1);
});
it("single pixel: exactly 1 rect", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const result = convert([{ r: 100, g: 200, b: 50, a: 1 }], 1, 1);
expect(result.totalRects).toBe(1);
expect(result.layers[0]?.rects[0]).toEqual({
x: 0,
y: 0,
w: 1,
h: 1,
});
});
});
describe("SVG output", () => {
it("ConvertResult exposes all documented fields", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const { pixels, width, height } = cross3x3();
const result = convert(pixels, width, height);
expect(result.svg).toContain('xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"');
expect(result.svg).toContain("</svg>");
expect(Array.isArray(result.layers)).toBe(true);
expect(Array.isArray(result.orderingUsed)).toBe(true);
expect(Array.isArray(result.colourAnalysis)).toBe(true);
expect(typeof result.totalRects).toBe("number");
expect(typeof result.naiveRects).toBe("number");
expect(typeof result.ratio).toBe("number");
expect(typeof result.orderingsEvaluated).toBe("number");
});
});
describe("auto ordering", () => {
it("evaluates all permutations for ≤8 colours", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const { pixels, width, height } = flagCrosses();
const result = convert(pixels, width, height, { layerOrder: "auto" });
expect(result.orderingsEvaluated).toBe(6); // 3!
});
it("auto is at least as good as any single strategy", {
timeout: 30000,
}, () => {
const { pixels, width, height } = crest12x12();
const auto = convert(pixels, width, height, { layerOrder: "auto" });
const areaDesc = convert(pixels, width, height, {
layerOrder: "area-desc",
});
const islandAware = convert(pixels, width, height, {
layerOrder: "island-aware",
});
expect(auto.totalRects).toBeLessThanOrEqual(areaDesc.totalRects);
expect(auto.totalRects).toBeLessThanOrEqual(islandAware.totalRects);
});
it("heuristic + sampling branch fires when factorial > maxPermutations", {
timeout: 30000,
}, () => {
const { pixels, width, height } = nineColours();
const rng = mulberry32(42);
const result = convert(pixels, width, height, {
layerOrder: "auto",
maxPermutations: 4, // 9! = 362880 ≫ 4 → forces heuristic path
rng,
});
// Static heuristics (4) only — maxSamples = min(maxPerms-4, 1000) = 0
expect(result.orderingsEvaluated).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(4);
verifySVG(result, pixels, width, height);
});
it("heuristic branch with sampling budget exercises rng path", {
timeout: 30000,
}, () => {
const { pixels, width, height } = nineColours();
const rng = mulberry32(7);
const result = convert(pixels, width, height, {
layerOrder: "auto",
maxPermutations: 14, // budget 10 random shuffles after 4 heuristics
rng,
});
expect(result.orderingsEvaluated).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(14);
verifySVG(result, pixels, width, height);
});
it("sampling branch can win over the static heuristics", {
timeout: 60000,
}, () => {
// Run a large sampling budget with a deterministic seed against the
// 9-colour grid. The static heuristics evaluate first; over ≥ 200
// random orderings at least one must produce strictly fewer rects
// than the best heuristic for the inner if-branch (lines around the
// `bestTotal` update inside the sampling loop) to fire.
const { pixels, width, height } = nineColours();
const result = convert(pixels, width, height, {
layerOrder: "auto",
maxPermutations: 1004, // 4 heuristics + 1000 samples
rng: mulberry32(13),
});
// 4 heuristics + 1000 samples == 1004 orderings examined
expect(result.orderingsEvaluated).toBe(1004);
verifySVG(result, pixels, width, height);
});
it("seeded rng yields deterministic auto output", {
timeout: 30000,
}, () => {
const { pixels, width, height } = nineColours();
const a = convert(pixels, width, height, {
layerOrder: "auto",
maxPermutations: 14,
rng: mulberry32(99),
});
const b = convert(pixels, width, height, {
layerOrder: "auto",
maxPermutations: 14,
rng: mulberry32(99),
});
expect(a.svg).toBe(b.svg);
});
it("default rng (Math.random) still works on the heuristic branch", {
timeout: 30000,
}, () => {
const { pixels, width, height } = nineColours();
const result = convert(pixels, width, height, {
layerOrder: "auto",
maxPermutations: 14,
});
verifySVG(result, pixels, width, height);
});
});
describe("validation", () => {
it("throws INVALID_GRID on dimension mismatch", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
try {
convert([], 2, 2);
expect.fail("expected throw");
} catch (err) {
expect(err).toBeInstanceOf(EmblemSolverError);
expect((err as EmblemSolverError).code).toBe(
EMBLEM_SOLVER_CODES.INVALID_GRID
);
}
});
it("throws INVALID_GRID on non-positive dimensions", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
expect(() => convert([], 0, 0)).toThrow(EmblemSolverError);
});
it("throws INVALID_OPTIONS on bad option", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
try {
convert([{ r: 1, g: 1, b: 1, a: 1 }], 1, 1, {
layerOrder: "wibble",
} as never);
expect.fail("expected throw");
} catch (err) {
expect(err).toBeInstanceOf(EmblemSolverError);
expect((err as EmblemSolverError).code).toBe(
EMBLEM_SOLVER_CODES.INVALID_OPTIONS
);
}
});
it("throws INVALID_OPTIONS on unknown key", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(() =>
convert([{ r: 1, g: 1, b: 1, a: 1 }], 1, 1, { wibble: 1 } as never)
).toThrow(EmblemSolverError);
});
it("throws INVALID_OPTIONS on maxPermutations <= 0", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
expect(() =>
convert([{ r: 1, g: 1, b: 1, a: 1 }], 1, 1, { maxPermutations: 0 })
).toThrow(EmblemSolverError);
});
});
describe("explicit static strategies", () => {
it("area-desc on crest produces a valid cover", { timeout: 30000 }, () => {
const { pixels, width, height } = crest12x12();
const result = convert(pixels, width, height, {
layerOrder: "area-desc",
});
verifySVG(result, pixels, width, height);
});
it("area-asc, island-aware, perimeter-desc all produce valid covers", {
timeout: 30000,
}, () => {
const { pixels, width, height } = crest12x12();
for (const strat of [
"area-asc",
"island-aware",
"perimeter-desc",
] as const) {
const r = convert(pixels, width, height, { layerOrder: strat });
verifySVG(r, pixels, width, height);
expect(r.orderingsEvaluated).toBe(1);
}
});
});
describe("telemetry integration", () => {
it("convert increments counter and records duration", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
__resetTelemetryForTests();
expect(__peekTelemetryForTests().counter).toBeUndefined();
convert([{ r: 1, g: 2, b: 3, a: 1 }], 1, 1);
const { counter, histogram } = __peekTelemetryForTests();
expect(counter).toBeDefined();
expect(histogram).toBeDefined();
});
});
describe("property-based", () => {
it("property: every opaque pixel is covered", { timeout: 30000 }, () => {
fc.assert(
fc.property(
fc.integer({ min: 1, max: 8 }),
fc.integer({ min: 1, max: 8 }),
fc.array(fc.boolean(), { minLength: 1, maxLength: 64 }),
(w, h, mask) => {
const pixels: RGBA[] = [];
for (let i = 0; i < w * h; i++) {
const on = mask[i % mask.length] ?? false;
pixels.push(
on
? { r: 7, g: 8, b: 9, a: 1 }
: { r: 0, g: 0, b: 0, a: 0 }
);
}
const result = convert(pixels, w, h);
// every opaque pixel must be in some rect's footprint
for (let y = 0; y < h; y++) {
for (let x = 0; x < w; x++) {
const px = pixels[y * w + x];
if (!px || px.a === 0) continue;
let covered = false;
for (const layer of result.layers) {
for (const r of layer.rects) {
if (
x >= r.x &&
x < r.x + r.w &&
y >= r.y &&
y < r.y + r.h
) {
covered = true;
break;
}
}
if (covered) break;
}
if (!covered) return false;
}
}
// no rect leaks outside the grid
for (const layer of result.layers) {
for (const r of layer.rects) {
if (
r.x < 0 ||
r.y < 0 ||
r.x + r.w > w ||
r.y + r.h > h
) {
return false;
}
}
}
return true;
}
),
{ numRuns: 25 }
);
});
});

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import { EMBLEM_SOLVER_CODES, EmblemSolverError } from "../errors/errors.js";
import { analyseGrid } from "../grid/analyse/analyse.js";
import { parseKey } from "../helpers/helpers.js";
import { eliminateRedundant } from "../optimizer/redundancy/redundancy.js";
import { ConvertOptionsSchema } from "../schemas/schemas.js";
import { processLayerMultiStrategy } from "../solver/layer/layer.js";
import {
factorial,
getStaticOrdering,
permutations,
} from "../solver/ordering/ordering.js";
import { buildSVG } from "../svg/build/build.js";
import {
getConvertCounter,
getConvertDuration,
} from "../telemetry/telemetry.js";
import type {
ColourAnalysis,
ColourLayer,
ConvertOptions,
ConvertResult,
GridAnalysis,
RGBA,
} from "../types/types.js";
function processOrdering(
layerKeys: ReadonlyArray<string>,
analysis: GridAnalysis
): { layers: ColourLayer[]; totalRects: number } {
const { colourGroups, colourAnalysis } = analysis;
const layers: ColourLayer[] = [];
const earlierPixels = new Set<number>();
for (let i = 0; i < layerKeys.length; i++) {
const key = layerKeys[i] as string;
const ownPixels = colourGroups.get(key) as Set<number>;
const rects = processLayerMultiStrategy(
key,
ownPixels,
analysis,
earlierPixels
);
layers.push({
colour: parseKey(key),
key,
pixels: ownPixels,
zIndex: i,
rects,
analysis: colourAnalysis.get(key) as ColourAnalysis,
});
for (const idx of ownPixels) earlierPixels.add(idx);
}
eliminateRedundant(layers, analysis.width, analysis.height);
const totalRects = layers.reduce((sum, l) => sum + l.rects.length, 0);
return { layers, totalRects };
}
function fisherYatesShuffle<T>(arr: T[], rng: () => number): T[] {
for (let i = arr.length - 1; i > 0; i--) {
const j = Math.floor(rng() * (i + 1));
const tmp = arr[i] as T;
arr[i] = arr[j] as T;
arr[j] = tmp;
}
return arr;
}
/**
* Convert an RGBA pixel grid to an optimised SVG with the minimum number
* of axis-aligned rectangles.
*
* Pipeline:
* 1. Validate `options` via `ConvertOptionsSchema`.
* 2. Validate grid dimensions; throw `INVALID_GRID` on mismatch.
* 3. `analyseGrid` recovers per-colour groups, islands, density, fragmentation.
* 4. For each candidate layer ordering, build per-layer rect covers,
* eliminate cross-layer redundancy, and remember the best total count.
* 5. Serialise the winner via `buildSVG`.
*
* @throws `EmblemSolverError(INVALID_OPTIONS)` on schema failure.
* @throws `EmblemSolverError(INVALID_GRID)` when `pixels.length !== width * height`
* or dimensions are non-positive.
*/
export function convert(
pixels: ReadonlyArray<RGBA>,
width: number,
height: number,
options: ConvertOptions = {}
): ConvertResult {
const parsed = ConvertOptionsSchema.safeParse(options);
if (!parsed.success) {
const issues = parsed.error.issues
.map((i) => `${i.path.join(".")}: ${i.message}`)
.join("; ");
throw new EmblemSolverError(
EMBLEM_SOLVER_CODES.INVALID_OPTIONS,
`emblem-solver.invalid_options: ${issues}`
);
}
if (width <= 0 || height <= 0) {
throw new EmblemSolverError(
EMBLEM_SOLVER_CODES.INVALID_GRID,
`emblem-solver.invalid_grid: width and height must be positive (${width}x${height})`
);
}
if (pixels.length !== width * height) {
throw new EmblemSolverError(
EMBLEM_SOLVER_CODES.INVALID_GRID,
`emblem-solver.invalid_grid: pixels.length ${pixels.length} !== ${width * height}`
);
}
const { layerOrder, maxPermutations, rng } = parsed.data;
const rngFn: () => number = rng ?? Math.random;
const start = Date.now();
getConvertCounter().add(1);
const analysis = analyseGrid(pixels, width, height);
if (analysis.colourGroups.size === 0) {
const empty: ConvertResult = {
svg: `<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 ${width} ${height}"/>`,
layers: [],
totalRects: 0,
naiveRects: 0,
ratio: 1,
orderingUsed: [],
orderingsEvaluated: 0,
colourAnalysis: [],
};
getConvertDuration().record(Date.now() - start);
return empty;
}
const colourKeys = [...analysis.colourGroups.keys()];
let bestLayers: ColourLayer[] = [];
let bestTotal = Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY;
let bestOrdering: string[] = [];
let orderingsEvaluated = 0;
if (layerOrder === "auto") {
const totalPerms = factorial(colourKeys.length);
if (totalPerms <= maxPermutations) {
for (const perm of permutations(colourKeys)) {
const result = processOrdering(perm, analysis);
orderingsEvaluated++;
if (result.totalRects < bestTotal) {
bestTotal = result.totalRects;
bestLayers = result.layers;
bestOrdering = [...perm];
}
}
} else {
const strategies: ReadonlyArray<
"area-desc" | "area-asc" | "island-aware" | "perimeter-desc"
> = ["area-desc", "area-asc", "island-aware", "perimeter-desc"];
for (const strat of strategies) {
const ordering = getStaticOrdering(analysis, strat);
const result = processOrdering(ordering, analysis);
orderingsEvaluated++;
if (result.totalRects < bestTotal) {
bestTotal = result.totalRects;
bestLayers = result.layers;
bestOrdering = ordering;
}
}
const maxSamples = Math.min(
maxPermutations - strategies.length,
1000
);
for (let s = 0; s < maxSamples; s++) {
const shuffled = fisherYatesShuffle([...colourKeys], rngFn);
const result = processOrdering(shuffled, analysis);
orderingsEvaluated++;
if (result.totalRects < bestTotal) {
bestTotal = result.totalRects;
bestLayers = result.layers;
bestOrdering = shuffled;
}
}
}
} else {
const ordering = getStaticOrdering(analysis, layerOrder);
const result = processOrdering(ordering, analysis);
orderingsEvaluated = 1;
bestTotal = result.totalRects;
bestLayers = result.layers;
bestOrdering = ordering;
}
const svg = buildSVG(bestLayers, width, height);
const naiveRects = analysis.opaquePixels.size;
const result: ConvertResult = {
svg,
layers: bestLayers,
totalRects: bestTotal,
naiveRects,
ratio: naiveRects / Math.max(bestTotal, 1),
orderingUsed: bestOrdering,
orderingsEvaluated,
colourAnalysis: [...analysis.colourAnalysis.values()],
};
getConvertDuration().record(Date.now() - start);
return result;
}

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export { convert } from "./converter.js";

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# `errors/errors.ts` — typed error hierarchy
<!-- begin:auto-docs -->
_(no submodules)_
<!-- end:auto-docs -->
## Purpose
This module exposes the typed error surface for `@suaveplan/emblem-solver`.
It defines the stable, namespaced code registry `EMBLEM_SOLVER_CODES` and
the `EmblemSolverError` class that extends `SuaveplanError`. Every failure
path inside the package — schema validation, grid validation, IO checks —
funnels through this hierarchy so callers can pattern-match on `error.code`
to distinguish user input mistakes from defensive guards.
## Features
- Codes are produced by `defineCodes("EMBLEM_SOLVER", [...] as const)`,
yielding the namespaced strings `EMBLEM_SOLVER.INVALID_GRID`,
`EMBLEM_SOLVER.INVALID_OPTIONS`, and `EMBLEM_SOLVER.INVALID_PIXEL`.
- The registry is frozen — consumers can rely on identity equality across
the module.
- `EmblemSolverError` extends `SuaveplanError<EmblemSolverCode>`, so
`error.code` narrows the union and `instanceof EmblemSolverError`
discriminates the throw site.
- Supports the full `SuaveplanErrorOptions` bag: `cause`, `context`,
`traceId`, and `clock` for testing.
## Usage: Basic
```ts
import {
EMBLEM_SOLVER_CODES,
EmblemSolverError,
} from "@suaveplan/emblem-solver/errors";
if (badInput) {
throw new EmblemSolverError(
EMBLEM_SOLVER_CODES.INVALID_GRID,
"emblem-solver.invalid_grid"
);
}
```
## Usage: Advanced
```ts
try {
convert(pixels, w, h, options);
} catch (err) {
if (err instanceof EmblemSolverError) {
switch (err.code) {
case EMBLEM_SOLVER_CODES.INVALID_OPTIONS:
return reportInputProblem(err);
case EMBLEM_SOLVER_CODES.INVALID_GRID:
return reportShapeProblem(err);
case EMBLEM_SOLVER_CODES.INVALID_PIXEL:
return reportPixelProblem(err);
}
}
throw err;
}
```
## API Reference
| Symbol | Kind | Description |
|---|---|---|
| `EMBLEM_SOLVER_CODES` | const | Frozen `{ INVALID_GRID, INVALID_OPTIONS, INVALID_PIXEL }` map |
| `EmblemSolverCode` | type | Union of the namespaced strings |
| `EmblemSolverError` | class | `extends SuaveplanError<EmblemSolverCode>` |
## Implementation Notes
`defineCodes` runs at module load and `Object.freeze`s the registry,
guaranteeing identity stability — consumers that import via the root barrel
or the `./errors` subpath see the same object. The class constructor is
deliberately thin: it forwards to `SuaveplanError`'s `protected` constructor
and sets `name = "EmblemSolverError"` so stack frames disambiguate. The
`INVALID_PIXEL` code is reserved for future use (it appears in the code
registry so consumers can switch on it ahead of any algorithmic change that
introduces an unrepresentable RGBA value); the test suite exercises it via
the round-trip code coverage check.

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import { describe, expect, it } from "@suaveplan/testing/runner";
import { EMBLEM_SOLVER_CODES, EmblemSolverError } from "./errors.js";
import * as barrel from "./index.js";
describe("EMBLEM_SOLVER_CODES", () => {
it("exposes all three codes", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(EMBLEM_SOLVER_CODES.INVALID_GRID).toBe(
"EMBLEM_SOLVER.INVALID_GRID"
);
expect(EMBLEM_SOLVER_CODES.INVALID_OPTIONS).toBe(
"EMBLEM_SOLVER.INVALID_OPTIONS"
);
expect(EMBLEM_SOLVER_CODES.INVALID_PIXEL).toBe(
"EMBLEM_SOLVER.INVALID_PIXEL"
);
expect(Object.isFrozen(EMBLEM_SOLVER_CODES)).toBe(true);
expect(Object.keys(EMBLEM_SOLVER_CODES).sort()).toEqual([
"INVALID_GRID",
"INVALID_OPTIONS",
"INVALID_PIXEL",
]);
});
});
describe("EmblemSolverError", () => {
it("preserves code and cause", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const inner = new Error("inner");
const err = new EmblemSolverError(
EMBLEM_SOLVER_CODES.INVALID_GRID,
"emblem.grid.invalid",
{ cause: inner }
);
expect(err).toBeInstanceOf(EmblemSolverError);
expect(err).toBeInstanceOf(Error);
expect(err.code).toBe("EMBLEM_SOLVER.INVALID_GRID");
expect(err.cause).toBe(inner);
expect(err.name).toBe("EmblemSolverError");
});
it("can be thrown with each code", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
for (const code of Object.values(EMBLEM_SOLVER_CODES)) {
const err = new EmblemSolverError(code, `key.${code}`);
expect(err.code).toBe(code);
}
});
});
describe("errors barrel", () => {
it("errors subpath barrel re-exports the public surface", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
expect(barrel.EmblemSolverError).toBe(EmblemSolverError);
expect(barrel.EMBLEM_SOLVER_CODES).toBe(EMBLEM_SOLVER_CODES);
});
});

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import {
defineCodes,
SuaveplanError,
type SuaveplanErrorOptions,
} from "@suaveplan/error";
/**
* Stable error code registry for `@suaveplan/emblem-solver`.
*
* Codes are namespaced under `EMBLEM_SOLVER.*` so structured error logs and
* OTel span events can be filtered by the package they originated in.
*/
export const EMBLEM_SOLVER_CODES = defineCodes("EMBLEM_SOLVER", [
"INVALID_GRID",
"INVALID_OPTIONS",
"INVALID_PIXEL",
] as const);
export type EmblemSolverCode =
(typeof EMBLEM_SOLVER_CODES)[keyof typeof EMBLEM_SOLVER_CODES];
/**
* Typed error for all `@suaveplan/emblem-solver` failures.
*
* Extends `SuaveplanError` with a stable code drawn from
* `EMBLEM_SOLVER_CODES`. Callers can discriminate on `error.code` to
* handle specific failure modes (e.g. retry on `INVALID_PIXEL`, surface
* `INVALID_OPTIONS` directly to the user).
*/
export class EmblemSolverError extends SuaveplanError<EmblemSolverCode> {
public constructor(
code: EmblemSolverCode,
messageKey: string,
options?: SuaveplanErrorOptions
) {
super(code, messageKey, options);
this.name = "EmblemSolverError";
}
}

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export {
EMBLEM_SOLVER_CODES,
type EmblemSolverCode,
EmblemSolverError,
} from "./errors.js";

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# `fixtures/fixtures.ts` — canonical regression grids
<!-- begin:auto-docs -->
_(no submodules)_
<!-- end:auto-docs -->
## Purpose
This module is the canonical test-fixture surface for the package. Each
exported function returns a deterministic `RGBA[]` grid with known
algorithmic properties — chessboards, donuts, crosses, T-shapes, stars,
flags, shields, and crests. Together they form the regression suite that
locks the solver's quality numbers in place: any change that regresses
the rect count on one of these fixtures fails the test gate.
## Features
- Twelve fixtures total: `chessboard8x8`, `cross3x3`, `cross6x6`,
`tShape`, `donut5x5`, `circle16`, `flagCrosses`, `multiIslandStripes`,
`shieldEmblem32`, `crest12x12`, `star`, plus the added
`nineColours` (>8 distinct colours, used to exercise the auto-ordering
heuristic branch).
- Every fixture is purely declarative — built from a `number[][]` palette
index map and `fromIndexedGrid`. No randomness, no `Date.now`, no
module-load side effects.
- Index `0` is reserved for transparency; every fixture follows that
convention.
## Usage: Basic
```ts
import { chessboard8x8 } from "@suaveplan/emblem-solver";
const { pixels, width, height } = chessboard8x8();
```
## Usage: Advanced
```ts
import { convert, crest12x12 } from "@suaveplan/emblem-solver";
const { pixels, width, height } = crest12x12();
const result = convert(pixels, width, height, { layerOrder: "auto" });
console.log(`crest compressed to ${result.totalRects} rects`);
```
## API Reference
| Symbol | Returns |
|---|---|
| `chessboard8x8()` | 8x8 alternating black/white grid |
| `cross3x3()` / `cross6x6()` | Plus-sign crosses |
| `tShape()` | 5x4 T-shape |
| `donut5x5()` | Frame with transparent centre |
| `circle16()` | 16-px pixel circle |
| `flagCrosses()` | 16x16 layered three-colour flag |
| `multiIslandStripes()` | 10x2 alternating two-colour stripes |
| `shieldEmblem32()` | 32x32 three-colour shield |
| `crest12x12()` | 12x12 four-colour crest |
| `star()` | Irregular star outline |
| `nineColours()` | 4x4 grid with nine distinct colours |
## Implementation Notes
The fixtures are exported as zero-argument functions rather than constants
so each test call builds a fresh pixel array — the solver does not
mutate its input, but defensive copies keep test isolation strong. The
`nineColours` grid exists specifically to push `factorial(colourCount) >
maxPermutations` so the heuristic + sampling branch in `convert()` is
exercised; without it that branch would be unreachable and coverage would
drop. Fixtures are excluded from the package's coverage threshold
(`coverage.exclude` in `vitest.config.ts`) because they are test
material, not production code.

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import { fromIndexedGrid } from "../io/parse/parse.js";
import type { RGBA } from "../types/types.js";
type Grid = { pixels: RGBA[]; width: number; height: number };
const R = 1;
const G = 2;
const B = 3;
const W = 4;
const K = 5;
const Y = 6;
const S = 7;
const _ = 0;
/** 8x8 chessboard. */
export function chessboard8x8(): Grid {
const grid: number[][] = [];
for (let y = 0; y < 8; y++) {
const row: number[] = [];
for (let x = 0; x < 8; x++) row.push((x + y) % 2 === 0 ? W : K);
grid.push(row);
}
return fromIndexedGrid(
grid,
new Map([
[W, { r: 255, g: 255, b: 255 }],
[K, { r: 0, g: 0, b: 0 }],
])
);
}
/** 3x3 cross/plus shape. */
export function cross3x3(): Grid {
return fromIndexedGrid(
[
[_, R, _],
[R, R, R],
[_, R, _],
],
new Map([[R, { r: 255, g: 0, b: 0 }]])
);
}
/** 6x6 large cross. */
export function cross6x6(): Grid {
return fromIndexedGrid(
[
[_, _, R, R, _, _],
[_, _, R, R, _, _],
[R, R, R, R, R, R],
[R, R, R, R, R, R],
[_, _, R, R, _, _],
[_, _, R, R, _, _],
],
new Map([[R, { r: 255, g: 0, b: 0 }]])
);
}
/** 5x4 T-shape. */
export function tShape(): Grid {
return fromIndexedGrid(
[
[R, R, R, R, R],
[_, _, R, _, _],
[_, _, R, _, _],
[_, _, R, _, _],
],
new Map([[R, { r: 255, g: 0, b: 0 }]])
);
}
/** 5x5 donut (frame with transparent centre). */
export function donut5x5(): Grid {
return fromIndexedGrid(
[
[R, R, R, R, R],
[R, _, _, _, R],
[R, _, _, _, R],
[R, _, _, _, R],
[R, R, R, R, R],
],
new Map([[R, { r: 255, g: 0, b: 0 }]])
);
}
/** 16-px pixel circle. */
export function circle16(): Grid {
return fromIndexedGrid(
[
[_, _, _, _, _, R, R, R, R, R, R, _, _, _, _, _],
[_, _, _, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, _, _, _],
[_, _, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, _, _],
[_, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, _],
[_, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, _],
[R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R],
[R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R],
[R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R],
[R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R],
[R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R],
[R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R],
[_, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, _],
[_, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, _],
[_, _, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, _, _],
[_, _, _, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, _, _, _],
[_, _, _, _, _, R, R, R, R, R, R, _, _, _, _, _],
],
new Map([[R, { r: 255, g: 0, b: 0 }]])
);
}
/** 16x16 flag with layered crosses. */
export function flagCrosses(): Grid {
const grid: number[][] = Array.from({ length: 16 }, () =>
Array(16).fill(B)
);
for (let y = 0; y < 16; y++) {
const row = grid[y];
if (!row) continue;
row[7] = W;
row[8] = W;
}
const middle = grid[7];
const middle2 = grid[8];
for (let x = 0; x < 16; x++) {
if (middle) middle[x] = W;
if (middle2) middle2[x] = W;
}
for (let y = 0; y < 16; y++) {
const row = grid[y];
if (!row) continue;
row[7] = R;
}
const red = grid[7];
for (let x = 0; x < 16; x++) {
if (red) red[x] = R;
}
return fromIndexedGrid(
grid,
new Map([
[R, { r: 255, g: 0, b: 0 }],
[W, { r: 255, g: 255, b: 255 }],
[B, { r: 0, g: 0, b: 255 }],
])
);
}
/** 10x2 alternating stripes. */
export function multiIslandStripes(): Grid {
return fromIndexedGrid(
[
[R, R, G, G, R, R, G, G, R, R],
[R, R, G, G, R, R, G, G, R, R],
],
new Map([
[R, { r: 255, g: 0, b: 0 }],
[G, { r: 0, g: 255, b: 0 }],
])
);
}
/** 32x32 shield emblem with three colours. */
export function shieldEmblem32(): Grid {
const grid: number[][] = Array.from({ length: 32 }, () =>
Array(32).fill(_)
);
for (let y = 4; y < 28; y++) {
const row = grid[y];
if (!row) continue;
for (let x = 4; x < 28; x++) row[x] = R;
}
for (let y = 8; y < 24; y++) {
const row = grid[y];
if (!row) continue;
row[15] = G;
row[16] = G;
}
const r15 = grid[15];
const r16 = grid[16];
for (let x = 8; x < 24; x++) {
if (r15) r15[x] = G;
if (r16) r16[x] = G;
}
for (let y = 6; y < 10; y++) {
const row = grid[y];
if (!row) continue;
for (let x = 6; x < 10; x++) row[x] = Y;
for (let x = 22; x < 26; x++) row[x] = Y;
}
for (let y = 22; y < 26; y++) {
const row = grid[y];
if (!row) continue;
for (let x = 6; x < 10; x++) row[x] = Y;
for (let x = 22; x < 26; x++) row[x] = Y;
}
return fromIndexedGrid(
grid,
new Map([
[R, { r: 44, g: 62, b: 80 }],
[G, { r: 231, g: 76, b: 60 }],
[Y, { r: 241, g: 196, b: 15 }],
])
);
}
/** 12x12 crest with shield base, central cross, corner dots. */
export function crest12x12(): Grid {
return fromIndexedGrid(
[
[_, _, S, S, S, S, S, S, S, S, _, _],
[_, S, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, S, _],
[S, R, Y, R, R, R, R, R, R, Y, R, S],
[S, R, R, R, R, G, G, R, R, R, R, S],
[S, R, R, R, R, G, G, R, R, R, R, S],
[S, R, R, G, G, G, G, G, G, R, R, S],
[S, R, R, G, G, G, G, G, G, R, R, S],
[S, R, R, R, R, G, G, R, R, R, R, S],
[S, R, R, R, R, G, G, R, R, R, R, S],
[S, R, Y, R, R, R, R, R, R, Y, R, S],
[_, S, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, S, _],
[_, _, S, S, S, S, S, S, S, S, _, _],
],
new Map([
[R, { r: 50, g: 50, b: 120 }],
[G, { r: 200, g: 30, b: 30 }],
[Y, { r: 255, g: 215, b: 0 }],
[S, { r: 80, g: 80, b: 80 }],
])
);
}
/** Irregular star shape. */
export function star(): Grid {
return fromIndexedGrid(
[
[_, _, _, _, _, _, R, _, _, _, _, _, _],
[_, _, _, _, _, R, R, R, _, _, _, _, _],
[_, _, _, _, _, R, R, R, _, _, _, _, _],
[R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R],
[_, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, _],
[_, _, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, _, _],
[_, _, _, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, _, _, _],
[_, _, R, R, R, _, _, _, R, R, R, _, _],
[_, R, R, R, _, _, _, _, _, R, R, R, _],
[R, R, R, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, R, R, R],
],
new Map([[R, { r: 255, g: 0, b: 0 }]])
);
}
/**
* 4x4 grid with nine distinct colours — exercises the `auto`-ordering
* heuristic branch (colour count > 8 → `factorial > maxPermutations`).
*/
export function nineColours(): Grid {
return fromIndexedGrid(
[
[1, 2, 3, 4],
[5, 6, 7, 8],
[9, 1, 2, 3],
[4, 5, 6, 7],
],
new Map([
[1, { r: 10, g: 0, b: 0 }],
[2, { r: 0, g: 10, b: 0 }],
[3, { r: 0, g: 0, b: 10 }],
[4, { r: 10, g: 10, b: 0 }],
[5, { r: 10, g: 0, b: 10 }],
[6, { r: 0, g: 10, b: 10 }],
[7, { r: 20, g: 0, b: 0 }],
[8, { r: 0, g: 20, b: 0 }],
[9, { r: 0, g: 0, b: 20 }],
])
);
}

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export {
chessboard8x8,
circle16,
crest12x12,
cross3x3,
cross6x6,
donut5x5,
flagCrosses,
multiIslandStripes,
nineColours,
shieldEmblem32,
star,
tShape,
} from "./fixtures.js";

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# `grid/analyse/analyse.ts` — colour groups, islands, and shape stats
<!-- begin:auto-docs -->
_(no submodules)_
<!-- end:auto-docs -->
## Purpose
This module owns `analyseGrid`, the diagnostic phase of the conversion
pipeline. It walks an RGBA grid once, buckets opaque pixels by colour, runs
a 4-connected flood-fill on each bucket to recover the islands, and
computes per-colour `density` (`pixels / bbox area`) and `fragmentation`
(`islands / pixels`). The result feeds the layer-ordering heuristics and
the per-island cover strategy in the solver pipeline.
## Features
- Single linear pass over the grid to populate `opaquePixels` and the
colour buckets.
- 4-connected BFS flood-fill — diagonals are treated as separate islands,
matching the upstream reference and the convention used by every
pixel-art tool.
- Density and fragmentation are pure functions of the bucket and its
bounding box; the solver uses both to score the `island-aware` ordering.
- Output is structurally shared with the rest of the package via
`GridAnalysis` — solver kernels consume `colourGroups`/`colourAnalysis`
directly.
## Usage: Basic
```ts
import { analyseGrid } from "@suaveplan/emblem-solver";
const { colourGroups, colourAnalysis } = analyseGrid(pixels, w, h);
console.log("colours:", colourGroups.size);
```
## Usage: Advanced
```ts
import { analyseGrid } from "@suaveplan/emblem-solver";
function pickBackgroundColour(pixels, w, h) {
const a = analyseGrid(pixels, w, h);
let best = "";
let bestScore = -Infinity;
for (const [key, info] of a.colourAnalysis) {
const score = info.totalPixels * info.density;
if (score > bestScore) {
best = key;
bestScore = score;
}
}
return best;
}
```
## API Reference
| Symbol | Kind | Description |
|---|---|---|
| `analyseGrid(pixels, w, h)` | fn | Returns `GridAnalysis` |
## Implementation Notes
The flood-fill uses an explicit stack (`pop()`) rather than recursion to
avoid blowing the call stack on large emblems. We `add` to `visited`
*before* enqueueing the neighbour, which guarantees each pixel is touched
at most twice (once when discovered, once when its packed index is popped).
The neighbour set is computed as a small inline array of `-1`-sentinel
checks for the four cardinal directions; benchmarks against a `for (const
[dx,dy] …)` form showed the inline form measurably faster in V8 and Bun.
The `Map<string, Set<number>>` colour-group layout is intentional: the
string key is the canonical colour identity, while the packed-index `Set`
gives O(1) `has`/`add`/`delete` for the cover strategies.

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import { describe, expect, it } from "@suaveplan/testing/runner";
import { fromIndexedGrid } from "../../io/parse/parse.js";
import { analyseGrid } from "./analyse.js";
describe("analyseGrid", () => {
it("detects two islands separated by transparency", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
const { pixels, width, height } = fromIndexedGrid(
[
[1, 1, 0, 1, 1],
[1, 1, 0, 1, 1],
],
new Map([[1, { r: 255, g: 0, b: 0 }]])
);
const a = analyseGrid(pixels, width, height);
const red = a.colourAnalysis.get("255,0,0");
expect(red).toBeDefined();
expect(red?.islands.length).toBe(2);
expect(red?.islands[0]?.size).toBe(4);
});
it("treats diagonal pixels as separate islands (4-connected)", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
const { pixels, width, height } = fromIndexedGrid(
[
[1, 0, 0],
[0, 1, 0],
[0, 0, 1],
],
new Map([[1, { r: 255, g: 0, b: 0 }]])
);
const a = analyseGrid(pixels, width, height);
expect(a.colourAnalysis.get("255,0,0")?.islands.length).toBe(3);
});
it("groups connected L-shape as one island", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const { pixels, width, height } = fromIndexedGrid(
[
[1, 0],
[1, 0],
[1, 1],
],
new Map([[1, { r: 255, g: 0, b: 0 }]])
);
const a = analyseGrid(pixels, width, height);
const red = a.colourAnalysis.get("255,0,0");
expect(red?.islands.length).toBe(1);
expect(red?.islands[0]?.size).toBe(4);
});
it("computes density and fragmentation", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const { pixels, width, height } = fromIndexedGrid(
[
[1, 0, 1],
[0, 0, 0],
[1, 0, 1],
],
new Map([[1, { r: 255, g: 0, b: 0 }]])
);
const red = analyseGrid(pixels, width, height).colourAnalysis.get(
"255,0,0"
);
expect(red?.fragmentation).toBe(1);
expect(red?.density).toBeCloseTo(4 / 9);
});
it("treats undefined pixel slots as transparent", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
// width*height = 4 but only 2 entries → trailing slots undefined
const sparse = [
{ r: 1, g: 1, b: 1, a: 1 },
{ r: 1, g: 1, b: 1, a: 1 },
] as Parameters<typeof analyseGrid>[0];
const a = analyseGrid(sparse, 2, 2);
expect(a.opaquePixels.size).toBe(2);
});
it("ignores transparent pixels", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const transparent = [
{ r: 0, g: 0, b: 0, a: 0 as const },
{ r: 0, g: 0, b: 0, a: 0 as const },
{ r: 0, g: 0, b: 0, a: 0 as const },
{ r: 0, g: 0, b: 0, a: 0 as const },
];
const a = analyseGrid(transparent, 2, 2);
expect(a.opaquePixels.size).toBe(0);
expect(a.colourGroups.size).toBe(0);
});
});

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import {
colourKey,
computeBounds,
pack,
parseKey,
unpackX,
unpackY,
} from "../../helpers/helpers.js";
import type {
ColourAnalysis,
GridAnalysis,
Island,
RGBA,
} from "../../types/types.js";
/** Flood-fill (4-connected) to recover the islands of a same-colour set. */
function findIslands(
pixels: Set<number>,
width: number,
height: number
): Island[] {
const visited = new Set<number>();
const islands: Island[] = [];
for (const seed of pixels) {
if (visited.has(seed)) continue;
const island = new Set<number>();
const queue: number[] = [seed];
visited.add(seed);
while (queue.length > 0) {
const cur = queue.pop() as number;
island.add(cur);
const cx = unpackX(cur, width);
const cy = unpackY(cur, width);
const neighbours = [
cy > 0 ? pack(cx, cy - 1, width) : -1,
cy < height - 1 ? pack(cx, cy + 1, width) : -1,
cx > 0 ? pack(cx - 1, cy, width) : -1,
cx < width - 1 ? pack(cx + 1, cy, width) : -1,
];
for (const n of neighbours) {
if (n >= 0 && pixels.has(n) && !visited.has(n)) {
visited.add(n);
queue.push(n);
}
}
}
islands.push({
pixels: island,
bounds: computeBounds(island, width),
size: island.size,
});
}
return islands;
}
/**
* Analyse a pixel grid: bucket opaque pixels by colour, recover their
* 4-connected islands, and compute per-colour density + fragmentation.
*
* The result feeds both the layer-ordering heuristics and the per-island
* cover strategy in the solver pipeline.
*/
export function analyseGrid(
pixels: ReadonlyArray<RGBA>,
width: number,
height: number
): GridAnalysis {
const opaquePixels = new Set<number>();
const colourGroups = new Map<string, Set<number>>();
for (let y = 0; y < height; y++) {
for (let x = 0; x < width; x++) {
const idx = pack(x, y, width);
const px = pixels[idx];
if (!px || px.a === 0) continue;
opaquePixels.add(idx);
const key = colourKey(px);
let bucket = colourGroups.get(key);
if (!bucket) {
bucket = new Set<number>();
colourGroups.set(key, bucket);
}
bucket.add(idx);
}
}
const colourAnalysis = new Map<string, ColourAnalysis>();
for (const [key, group] of colourGroups) {
const islands = findIslands(group, width, height);
const bounds = computeBounds(group, width);
const boundsArea = bounds.w * bounds.h;
const density = group.size / boundsArea;
const fragmentation = islands.length / Math.max(group.size, 1);
colourAnalysis.set(key, {
key,
colour: parseKey(key),
totalPixels: group.size,
islands,
bounds,
density,
fragmentation,
});
}
return { width, height, opaquePixels, colourGroups, colourAnalysis };
}

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export { analyseGrid } from "./analyse.js";

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export { analyseGrid } from "./analyse/analyse.js";

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# `helpers/helpers.ts` — packing, keys, and grid primitives
<!-- begin:auto-docs -->
_(no submodules)_
<!-- end:auto-docs -->
## Purpose
This module is the shared kernel of utility functions used by the analyser,
the solver strategies, and the optimisers. It owns the canonical
representation of a pixel index (a packed `y * width + x` integer), the
canonical colour key (`"r,g,b"`), the `computeBounds` reduction over a
packed-pixel set, and the boolean-grid builders that drive the
maximal-rectangle sweep and per-layer covering.
## Features
- `pack` / `unpackX` / `unpackY` give the package a single, branch-free way
to convert between `(x, y)` and a single integer. Using a `Set<number>`
of packed indices is dramatically cheaper than a `Set<string>` of
`"x,y"`.
- `colourKey` / `parseKey` round-trip an RGBA without committing to alpha;
the solver does not need alpha for keying.
- `computeBounds` is the only place we touch unpack-loop machinery for
bounds computation; everywhere else delegates here.
- `isFullyAvailable`, `rectCoversAnyRequired`, and `countRequired` are the
three predicates the optimiser relies on; they share an early-exit
pattern that keeps the solver O(area × candidates) rather than
O(area² × candidates).
- `buildAvailableGrid` / `buildRequiredGrid` allocate the 2-D `boolean[][]`
masks used by the cover strategies.
## Usage: Basic
```ts
import { pack, unpackX, unpackY } from "@suaveplan/emblem-solver";
const w = 8;
const idx = pack(3, 2, w); // 19
unpackX(idx, w); // 3
unpackY(idx, w); // 2
```
## Usage: Advanced
```ts
import {
buildAvailableGrid,
buildRequiredGrid,
isFullyAvailable,
} from "@suaveplan/emblem-solver";
const opaque = new Set<number>([0, 1, 2, 3]);
const earlier = new Set<number>();
const avail = buildAvailableGrid(2, 2, opaque, earlier);
const req = buildRequiredGrid(opaque, 2, 2);
isFullyAvailable({ x: 0, y: 0, w: 2, h: 2 }, avail); // true
```
## API Reference
| Symbol | Kind | Description |
|---|---|---|
| `pack(x, y, w)` | fn | Row-major packed index |
| `unpackX(i, w)` | fn | Recover `x` |
| `unpackY(i, w)` | fn | Recover `y` |
| `colourKey(rgba)` | fn | `"r,g,b"` |
| `parseKey(str)` | fn | `RGBA` with `a:1` |
| `computeBounds(set, w)` | fn | Tight bounding `Rect` |
| `isFullyAvailable(rect, grid)` | fn | All cells `true`? |
| `rectCoversAnyRequired(rect, req)` | fn | Any overlap? |
| `countRequired(rect, req)` | fn | Overlap count |
| `buildAvailableGrid(w, h, opaque, earlier)` | fn | 2-D opaque mask minus earlier layers |
| `buildRequiredGrid(set, w, h)` | fn | 2-D mask from packed pixel set |
## Implementation Notes
The functions are deliberately monomorphic over `boolean[][]`/`number` for
predictable JIT performance. The bounding-box reduction uses `±Infinity`
sentinels so it works for any non-empty set. The available-grid builder
skips earlier-layer pixels in O(1) per packed index — important when the
solver iterates orderings exhaustively over a colour set. None of these
helpers allocate beyond the grids they explicitly build; the predicates
return as soon as their early-exit condition is met, so worst-case work is
bounded by `rect.w * rect.h`.

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import { describe, expect, it } from "@suaveplan/testing/runner";
import {
buildAvailableGrid,
buildRequiredGrid,
colourKey,
computeBounds,
countRequired,
isFullyAvailable,
pack,
parseKey,
rectCoversAnyRequired,
unpackX,
unpackY,
} from "./helpers.js";
describe("packing helpers", () => {
it("pack and unpack round-trip", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const w = 7;
for (let y = 0; y < 5; y++) {
for (let x = 0; x < w; x++) {
const i = pack(x, y, w);
expect(unpackX(i, w)).toBe(x);
expect(unpackY(i, w)).toBe(y);
}
}
});
});
describe("colour key", () => {
it("colourKey serialises and parseKey restores", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const c = { r: 12, g: 34, b: 56, a: 1 } as const;
expect(colourKey(c)).toBe("12,34,56");
expect(parseKey("12,34,56")).toEqual(c);
});
it("parseKey defaults missing channels to zero", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(parseKey("")).toEqual({ r: 0, g: 0, b: 0, a: 1 });
});
});
describe("computeBounds", () => {
it("matches the tight bbox of a packed pixel set", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
const w = 5;
const set = new Set<number>([
pack(1, 1, w),
pack(3, 1, w),
pack(2, 3, w),
]);
expect(computeBounds(set, w)).toEqual({ x: 1, y: 1, w: 3, h: 3 });
});
});
describe("rect predicates", () => {
const required: boolean[][] = [
[true, false, true],
[false, true, false],
[true, false, true],
];
const available: boolean[][] = [
[true, true, true],
[true, true, true],
[true, true, true],
];
it("isFullyAvailable returns true only when every cell is on", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
expect(isFullyAvailable({ x: 0, y: 0, w: 3, h: 3 }, available)).toBe(
true
);
expect(isFullyAvailable({ x: 0, y: 0, w: 3, h: 3 }, required)).toBe(
false
);
expect(isFullyAvailable({ x: 5, y: 5, w: 1, h: 1 }, available)).toBe(
false
);
});
it("rectCoversAnyRequired returns true when any cell is required", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
expect(
rectCoversAnyRequired({ x: 0, y: 0, w: 1, h: 1 }, required)
).toBe(true);
expect(
rectCoversAnyRequired({ x: 1, y: 0, w: 1, h: 1 }, required)
).toBe(false);
});
it("countRequired counts overlap with required", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(countRequired({ x: 0, y: 0, w: 3, h: 3 }, required)).toBe(5);
});
});
describe("grid builders", () => {
it("buildAvailableGrid honours earlier-layer mask", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
const opaque = new Set<number>([0, 1, 2, 3]);
const earlier = new Set<number>([1]);
const w = 2;
const h = 2;
const grid = buildAvailableGrid(w, h, opaque, earlier);
expect(grid).toEqual([
[true, false],
[true, true],
]);
});
it("buildRequiredGrid converts a packed set to a 2-D mask", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
const pixels = new Set<number>([0, 3]);
const grid = buildRequiredGrid(pixels, 2, 2);
expect(grid).toEqual([
[true, false],
[false, true],
]);
});
});

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import type { Rect, RGBA } from "../types/types.js";
/** Pack `(x, y)` to a row-major linear index given grid width `w`. */
export const pack = (x: number, y: number, w: number): number => y * w + x;
/** Extract `x` from a packed index given grid width `w`. */
export const unpackX = (idx: number, w: number): number => idx % w;
/** Extract `y` from a packed index given grid width `w`. */
export const unpackY = (idx: number, w: number): number => Math.floor(idx / w);
/** Compose the canonical colour key `"r,g,b"` from an `RGBA`. */
export const colourKey = (c: RGBA): string => `${c.r},${c.g},${c.b}`;
/** Reverse `colourKey` to an opaque `RGBA`. */
export const parseKey = (key: string): RGBA => {
const parts = key.split(",").map(Number);
return {
r: parts[0] as number,
g: parts[1] ?? 0,
b: parts[2] ?? 0,
a: 1,
};
};
/** Compute the tight bounding rectangle of a packed-pixel set. */
export function computeBounds(pixels: Set<number>, width: number): Rect {
let minX = Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY;
let maxX = Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY;
let minY = Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY;
let maxY = Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY;
for (const idx of pixels) {
const x = unpackX(idx, width);
const y = unpackY(idx, width);
if (x < minX) minX = x;
if (x > maxX) maxX = x;
if (y < minY) minY = y;
if (y > maxY) maxY = y;
}
return { x: minX, y: minY, w: maxX - minX + 1, h: maxY - minY + 1 };
}
/** Return true when every cell of `rect` is `true` in `available`. */
export function isFullyAvailable(rect: Rect, available: boolean[][]): boolean {
for (let ry = rect.y; ry < rect.y + rect.h; ry++) {
for (let rx = rect.x; rx < rect.x + rect.w; rx++) {
if (!available[ry]?.[rx]) return false;
}
}
return true;
}
/** Return true when `rect` overlaps any `true` cell of `required`. */
export function rectCoversAnyRequired(
rect: Rect,
required: boolean[][]
): boolean {
for (let ry = rect.y; ry < rect.y + rect.h; ry++) {
for (let rx = rect.x; rx < rect.x + rect.w; rx++) {
if (required[ry]?.[rx]) return true;
}
}
return false;
}
/** Count cells of `rect` that are `true` in `required`. */
export function countRequired(rect: Rect, required: boolean[][]): number {
let count = 0;
for (let ry = rect.y; ry < rect.y + rect.h; ry++) {
for (let rx = rect.x; rx < rect.x + rect.w; rx++) {
if (required[ry]?.[rx]) count++;
}
}
return count;
}
/**
* Build a 2-D boolean grid marking pixels that are opaque and not yet
* covered by an earlier-layer colour. The result drives the
* `dualAxisMaximalRects` candidate generator.
*/
export function buildAvailableGrid(
width: number,
height: number,
opaquePixels: Set<number>,
earlierLayerPixels: Set<number>
): boolean[][] {
const grid: boolean[][] = Array.from({ length: height }, () =>
Array(width).fill(false)
);
for (const idx of opaquePixels) {
if (earlierLayerPixels.has(idx)) continue;
(grid[unpackY(idx, width)] as boolean[])[unpackX(idx, width)] = true;
}
return grid;
}
/**
* Build a 2-D boolean grid marking pixels that the current layer must
* still cover.
*/
export function buildRequiredGrid(
pixels: Set<number>,
width: number,
height: number
): boolean[][] {
const grid: boolean[][] = Array.from({ length: height }, () =>
Array(width).fill(false)
);
for (const idx of pixels) {
(grid[unpackY(idx, width)] as boolean[])[unpackX(idx, width)] = true;
}
return grid;
}

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export {
buildAvailableGrid,
buildRequiredGrid,
colourKey,
computeBounds,
countRequired,
isFullyAvailable,
pack,
parseKey,
rectCoversAnyRequired,
unpackX,
unpackY,
} from "./helpers.js";

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// Converter
export { convert } from "./converter/converter.js";
// Errors
export type { EmblemSolverCode } from "./errors/errors.js";
export {
EMBLEM_SOLVER_CODES,
EmblemSolverError,
} from "./errors/errors.js";
// Grid analysis
export { analyseGrid } from "./grid/analyse/analyse.js";
// IO
export { fromIndexedGrid, parseRGBABuffer } from "./io/parse/parse.js";
// Optimizer (advanced — typically not needed by app code, but exposed for composition)
export { mergeAdjacentRects } from "./optimizer/merge/merge.js";
export { optimiseOverlap } from "./optimizer/overlap/overlap.js";
export { eliminateRedundant } from "./optimizer/redundancy/redundancy.js";
// Schemas
export type { ConvertOptionsParsed } from "./schemas/schemas.js";
export { ConvertOptionsSchema } from "./schemas/schemas.js";
// Solver (advanced)
export {
enhancedGreedyCover,
perIslandCover,
} from "./solver/greedy/greedy.js";
export { dualAxisMaximalRects } from "./solver/histogram/histogram.js";
export { processLayerMultiStrategy } from "./solver/layer/layer.js";
export {
factorial,
getStaticOrdering,
permutations,
} from "./solver/ordering/ordering.js";
export { stripDecomposition } from "./solver/strip/strip.js";
// SVG
export { buildSVG } from "./svg/build/build.js";
// Types
export type {
ColourAnalysis,
ColourLayer,
ConvertOptions,
ConvertResult,
GridAnalysis,
Island,
LayerOrderStrategy,
Rect,
RGBA,
Rng,
} from "./types/types.js";

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export { fromIndexedGrid, parseRGBABuffer } from "./parse/parse.js";

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export { fromIndexedGrid, parseRGBABuffer } from "./parse.js";

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# `io/parse/parse.ts` — RGBA buffer + indexed-grid IO
<!-- begin:auto-docs -->
_(no submodules)_
<!-- end:auto-docs -->
## Purpose
This module owns the two import paths into the solver: `parseRGBABuffer`
turns a raw RGBA `Uint8Array` (e.g. the output of `<canvas>.getImageData`,
a `sharp` raw extraction, or a network frame) into the `RGBA[]` the
solver consumes, and `fromIndexedGrid` builds the same `RGBA[]` from a
`number[][]` colour-index map plus a palette. The latter is the path used
by tests and by tooling that authors emblems programmatically.
## Features
- Alpha quantisation at the standard half-byte threshold (`byte ≥ 128`
→ opaque). The solver does not reason about partial alpha; this matches
the upstream contract.
- Hard `EmblemSolverError(INVALID_GRID)` on dimension mismatch instead of
silently emitting fewer/more pixels.
- Indexed-grid form: index `0` is reserved for transparent, and any index
missing from the palette also produces a transparent pixel — a forgiving
convention that lets callers omit the background entry from their
palettes.
- Output is a fresh `RGBA[]` with no shared references to the input.
## Usage: Basic
```ts
import { parseRGBABuffer } from "@suaveplan/emblem-solver";
const pixels = parseRGBABuffer(new Uint8Array(w * h * 4), w, h);
```
## Usage: Advanced
```ts
import { fromIndexedGrid, convert } from "@suaveplan/emblem-solver";
const { pixels, width, height } = fromIndexedGrid(
[
[0, 1, 0],
[1, 1, 1],
[0, 1, 0],
],
new Map([[1, { r: 255, g: 0, b: 0 }]])
);
const result = convert(pixels, width, height);
```
## API Reference
| Symbol | Kind | Description |
|---|---|---|
| `parseRGBABuffer(buf, w, h)` | fn | `RGBA[]` of length `w*h`, alpha quantised |
| `fromIndexedGrid(grid, palette)` | fn | `{ pixels, width, height }` |
Both throw `EmblemSolverError(EMBLEM_SOLVER_CODES.INVALID_GRID)` on
non-positive dimensions or buffer-length mismatch.
## Implementation Notes
`parseRGBABuffer` does a tight 4-stride loop over the input, reading via
the optional-chaining default of `0` so a truncated buffer is rejected
before it can produce a malformed pixel. The `idx === 0` short-circuit in
`fromIndexedGrid` is deliberate: many palette authors reserve `0` for
transparency, so we evaluate this branch before the `Map.get` lookup. The
return shape `{ pixels, width, height }` matches the upstream contract
exactly so existing fixture code ports verbatim.

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import { describe, expect, it } from "@suaveplan/testing/runner";
import { EMBLEM_SOLVER_CODES, EmblemSolverError } from "../../errors/errors.js";
import { fromIndexedGrid, parseRGBABuffer } from "./parse.js";
describe("parseRGBABuffer", () => {
it("parseRGBABuffer quantises alpha", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const buf = new Uint8Array([
255, 0, 0, 255, 0, 255, 0, 0, 0, 0, 255, 128, 10, 20, 30, 127,
]);
const pixels = parseRGBABuffer(buf, 2, 2);
expect(pixels[0]).toEqual({ r: 255, g: 0, b: 0, a: 1 });
expect(pixels[1]).toEqual({ r: 0, g: 255, b: 0, a: 0 });
expect(pixels[2]).toEqual({ r: 0, g: 0, b: 255, a: 1 });
expect(pixels[3]).toEqual({ r: 10, g: 20, b: 30, a: 0 });
});
it("throws INVALID_GRID on buffer length mismatch", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
try {
parseRGBABuffer(new Uint8Array(3), 2, 2);
expect.fail("expected throw");
} catch (err) {
expect(err).toBeInstanceOf(EmblemSolverError);
expect((err as EmblemSolverError).code).toBe(
EMBLEM_SOLVER_CODES.INVALID_GRID
);
}
});
it("throws INVALID_GRID on non-positive dimensions", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
expect(() => parseRGBABuffer(new Uint8Array(0), 0, 1)).toThrow(
EmblemSolverError
);
expect(() => parseRGBABuffer(new Uint8Array(0), 1, 0)).toThrow(
EmblemSolverError
);
});
});
describe("fromIndexedGrid", () => {
it("fromIndexedGrid maps palette indices to RGBA pixels", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
const { pixels, width, height } = fromIndexedGrid(
[
[1, 0],
[0, 2],
],
new Map([
[1, { r: 255, g: 0, b: 0 }],
[2, { r: 0, g: 255, b: 0 }],
])
);
expect(width).toBe(2);
expect(height).toBe(2);
expect(pixels[0]).toEqual({ r: 255, g: 0, b: 0, a: 1 });
expect(pixels[1]).toEqual({ r: 0, g: 0, b: 0, a: 0 });
expect(pixels[3]).toEqual({ r: 0, g: 255, b: 0, a: 1 });
});
it("treats index 0 as transparent", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const { pixels } = fromIndexedGrid([[0]], new Map());
expect(pixels[0]?.a).toBe(0);
});
it("treats unmapped indices as transparent", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const { pixels } = fromIndexedGrid([[5]], new Map());
expect(pixels[0]?.a).toBe(0);
});
it("throws INVALID_GRID on empty grid", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(() => fromIndexedGrid([], new Map())).toThrow(EmblemSolverError);
expect(() => fromIndexedGrid([[]], new Map())).toThrow(
EmblemSolverError
);
});
it("treats ragged rows shorter than width as transparent fill", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
// First row sets the width to 3; second row only has 2 entries → the
// trailing slot is undefined and should map to transparent.
const { pixels, width, height } = fromIndexedGrid(
[
[1, 1, 1],
[1, 1],
],
new Map([[1, { r: 9, g: 9, b: 9 }]])
);
expect(width).toBe(3);
expect(height).toBe(2);
// pixel index 5 is the missing trailing slot of row 1
expect(pixels[5]?.a).toBe(0);
});
});

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import { EMBLEM_SOLVER_CODES, EmblemSolverError } from "../../errors/errors.js";
import type { RGBA } from "../../types/types.js";
/**
* Parse a raw RGBA byte buffer (4 bytes / pixel, row-major) into an
* `RGBA[]`. Alpha is quantised to `0 | 1` at the threshold `byte ≥ 128`
* because the solver treats pixels as opaque-or-not.
*
* @throws `EmblemSolverError(INVALID_GRID)` when
* `buffer.length !== width * height * 4`.
*/
export function parseRGBABuffer(
buffer: Uint8Array,
width: number,
height: number
): RGBA[] {
if (width <= 0 || height <= 0) {
throw new EmblemSolverError(
EMBLEM_SOLVER_CODES.INVALID_GRID,
`emblem-solver.invalid_grid: width and height must be positive (${width}x${height})`
);
}
const expected = width * height * 4;
if (buffer.length !== expected) {
throw new EmblemSolverError(
EMBLEM_SOLVER_CODES.INVALID_GRID,
`emblem-solver.invalid_grid: buffer length ${buffer.length} !== ${expected}`
);
}
const pixels: RGBA[] = [];
for (let i = 0; i < width * height; i++) {
const off = i * 4;
// Length is guaranteed === width*height*4 by the check above.
pixels.push({
r: buffer[off] as number,
g: buffer[off + 1] as number,
b: buffer[off + 2] as number,
a: (buffer[off + 3] as number) >= 128 ? 1 : 0,
});
}
return pixels;
}
/**
* Build an `RGBA[]` from a 2-D colour-index map.
*
* Index `0` and any index missing from `palette` produce a transparent
* pixel; all other indices produce an opaque pixel with the palette colour.
*/
export function fromIndexedGrid(
grid: ReadonlyArray<ReadonlyArray<number>>,
palette: ReadonlyMap<number, { r: number; g: number; b: number }>
): { pixels: RGBA[]; width: number; height: number } {
const height = grid.length;
const width = grid[0]?.length ?? 0;
if (height === 0 || width === 0) {
throw new EmblemSolverError(
EMBLEM_SOLVER_CODES.INVALID_GRID,
`emblem-solver.invalid_grid: empty grid (${width}x${height})`
);
}
const pixels: RGBA[] = [];
for (let y = 0; y < height; y++) {
const row = grid[y] as ReadonlyArray<number>;
for (let x = 0; x < width; x++) {
const idx = row[x] ?? 0;
const colour = palette.get(idx);
if (idx === 0 || !colour) {
pixels.push({ r: 0, g: 0, b: 0, a: 0 });
} else {
pixels.push({ r: colour.r, g: colour.g, b: colour.b, a: 1 });
}
}
}
return { pixels, width, height };
}

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export { mergeAdjacentRects } from "./merge/merge.js";
export { optimiseOverlap } from "./overlap/overlap.js";
export { eliminateRedundant } from "./redundancy/redundancy.js";

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export { mergeAdjacentRects } from "./merge.js";

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# `optimizer/merge/merge.ts` — adjacent-rect merge pass
<!-- begin:auto-docs -->
_(no submodules)_
<!-- end:auto-docs -->
## Purpose
This module owns `mergeAdjacentRects`, the post-processing pass that
combines pairs of edge-sharing same-extent rectangles into a single larger
rectangle, provided the merged span lies entirely inside the available
mask. It is the cheapest of the optimiser passes and runs after every
covering strategy in the layer pipeline.
## Features
- Merges along both axes: two rects with the same `y` and `h` merge
horizontally when adjacent; two rects with the same `x` and `w` merge
vertically when adjacent.
- Iterates until a full pass produces no merges, so chains of three or
more rects collapse to one in `O(n²)` per pass and `O(k · n²)` overall
for `k` passes (bounded by the rect count).
- Available-mask check (`isFullyAvailable`) guarantees the merged span
never paints transparent cells.
## Usage: Basic
```ts
import { mergeAdjacentRects } from "@suaveplan/emblem-solver";
const merged = mergeAdjacentRects(
[
{ x: 0, y: 0, w: 1, h: 1 },
{ x: 1, y: 0, w: 1, h: 1 },
],
fullyAvailableGrid
);
// merged === [{ x: 0, y: 0, w: 2, h: 1 }]
```
## Usage: Advanced
```ts
import { mergeAdjacentRects } from "@suaveplan/emblem-solver";
let rects = greedyCover;
rects = mergeAdjacentRects(rects, available);
rects = mergeAdjacentRects(rects, available); // idempotent — no further change
```
## API Reference
| Symbol | Kind | Description |
|---|---|---|
| `mergeAdjacentRects(rects, available)` | fn | Greedily merge edge-sharing same-extent rects |
## Implementation Notes
The inner `tryMerge` first tests the horizontal merge (same `y`, same
`h`, sharing an edge in `x`), then the vertical merge (same `x`, same
`w`, sharing an edge in `y`). Either form checks the combined rectangle
against `available` before accepting; this avoids painting through
transparent pixels. The outer loop terminates when a full pass produces
zero merges, so each call is idempotent. We deliberately do not try
*non*-same-extent merges here — that is the job of `optimiseOverlap`,
which can produce overlapping output and is therefore a strictly stronger
(but more expensive) operation.

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import { describe, expect, it } from "@suaveplan/testing/runner";
import type { Rect } from "../../types/types.js";
import { mergeAdjacentRects } from "./merge.js";
const FULL_3x3: boolean[][] = [
[true, true, true],
[true, true, true],
[true, true, true],
];
describe("mergeAdjacentRects", () => {
it("merges two horizontally adjacent unit squares", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
const rects: Rect[] = [
{ x: 0, y: 0, w: 1, h: 1 },
{ x: 1, y: 0, w: 1, h: 1 },
];
const out = mergeAdjacentRects(rects, FULL_3x3);
expect(out).toEqual([{ x: 0, y: 0, w: 2, h: 1 }]);
});
it("merges two vertically adjacent rects", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const rects: Rect[] = [
{ x: 0, y: 0, w: 1, h: 1 },
{ x: 0, y: 1, w: 1, h: 1 },
];
const out = mergeAdjacentRects(rects, FULL_3x3);
expect(out).toEqual([{ x: 0, y: 0, w: 1, h: 2 }]);
});
it("leaves non-adjacent rects alone", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const rects: Rect[] = [
{ x: 0, y: 0, w: 1, h: 1 },
{ x: 2, y: 2, w: 1, h: 1 },
];
expect(mergeAdjacentRects(rects, FULL_3x3)).toEqual(rects);
});
it("does not merge when union exceeds available", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const limited: boolean[][] = [
[true, false, true],
[true, false, true],
[true, false, true],
];
const rects: Rect[] = [
{ x: 0, y: 0, w: 1, h: 1 },
{ x: 2, y: 0, w: 1, h: 1 },
];
const out = mergeAdjacentRects(rects, limited);
// Not adjacent → unchanged
expect(out.length).toBe(2);
});
it("declines horizontal merge when union exceeds available", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
// Two horizontally-adjacent 1x2 rects sharing y/h. The first lives at
// x=0..1, the second at x=2..3. Their union (4 wide × 2 tall) tries
// to cover (1,0) which is false → the horizontal branch fails
// isFullyAvailable.
const available: boolean[][] = [
[true, false, true, true],
[true, true, true, true],
];
const rects: Rect[] = [
{ x: 0, y: 0, w: 1, h: 2 },
{ x: 1, y: 0, w: 1, h: 2 },
];
const out = mergeAdjacentRects(rects, available);
expect(out.length).toBe(2);
});
it("skips a used j-index during the inner sweep", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
// 3 rects where a (i=0) merges with c (j=2), then in the next outer
// iteration i=1, inner j=2 must be skipped because c was just used.
const available: boolean[][] = [
[true, true, true],
[true, true, true],
];
const rects: Rect[] = [
{ x: 0, y: 0, w: 1, h: 1 },
{ x: 2, y: 1, w: 1, h: 1 }, // diagonal, non-mergeable with a
{ x: 1, y: 0, w: 1, h: 1 }, // mergeable with a horizontally
];
const out = mergeAdjacentRects(rects, available);
// a + c collapse to one 2x1 rect; b stands alone
expect(out.length).toBe(2);
});
it("declines vertical merge when union exceeds available", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
// Two v-adjacent rects sharing x and w; the merged 2-tall span hits
// an unavailable cell.
const available: boolean[][] = [
[true, true],
[false, true],
];
const rects: Rect[] = [
{ x: 0, y: 0, w: 2, h: 1 },
{ x: 0, y: 1, w: 2, h: 1 },
];
const out = mergeAdjacentRects(rects, available);
expect(out.length).toBe(2);
});
});

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import { isFullyAvailable } from "../../helpers/helpers.js";
import type { Rect } from "../../types/types.js";
function tryMerge(a: Rect, b: Rect, available: boolean[][]): Rect | null {
if (a.y === b.y && a.h === b.h) {
if (a.x + a.w === b.x || b.x + b.w === a.x) {
const merged: Rect = {
x: Math.min(a.x, b.x),
y: a.y,
w: a.w + b.w,
h: a.h,
};
if (isFullyAvailable(merged, available)) return merged;
}
}
if (a.x === b.x && a.w === b.w) {
if (a.y + a.h === b.y || b.y + b.h === a.y) {
const merged: Rect = {
x: a.x,
y: Math.min(a.y, b.y),
w: a.w,
h: a.h + b.h,
};
if (isFullyAvailable(merged, available)) return merged;
}
}
return null;
}
/**
* Repeatedly merge pairs of edge-sharing same-extent rectangles whose union
* is fully `available`. Each pass O(n²); the outer loop terminates once a
* full pass produces no merges.
*/
export function mergeAdjacentRects(
rects: ReadonlyArray<Rect>,
available: boolean[][]
): Rect[] {
let current = [...rects];
let merged = true;
while (merged) {
merged = false;
const next: Rect[] = [];
const used = new Set<number>();
for (let i = 0; i < current.length; i++) {
if (used.has(i)) continue;
let best: Rect | null = null;
let bestJ = -1;
for (let j = i + 1; j < current.length; j++) {
if (used.has(j)) continue;
const m = tryMerge(
current[i] as Rect,
current[j] as Rect,
available
);
if (m) {
best = m;
bestJ = j;
break;
}
}
if (best && bestJ >= 0) {
next.push(best);
used.add(i);
used.add(bestJ);
merged = true;
} else {
next.push(current[i] as Rect);
}
}
current = next;
}
return current;
}

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export { optimiseOverlap } from "./overlap.js";

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# `optimizer/overlap/overlap.ts` — overlap-based reductions
<!-- begin:auto-docs -->
_(no submodules)_
<!-- end:auto-docs -->
## Purpose
This module owns `optimiseOverlap`, the deepest cover-reduction pass in
the package. It looks for three patterns that the greedy cover cannot
exploit on its own: (1) pairs whose bounding-box union is fully available
and covers exactly the required pixels of the originals, (2) one rect
extended to subsume a neighbour while staying inside available, and (3)
triples of rects replaceable by two overlapping rects forming a cross,
T-junction, or L-shape.
## Features
- Pass 1 — pairwise bbox merge with required-set inclusion check.
- Pass 2 — `tryExtendToSubsume` grows one rect in the four cardinal
directions toward another, accepting only steps that improve coverage
of `bRequired` and keep the candidate inside `available`.
- Pass 3 — `tryCrossReplace` enumerates horizontal slice positions inside
the bbox of a 3-rect group, tests whether a single horizontal slice
plus a remainder vertical slice covers every required pixel, and emits
the 2-rect replacement when it does.
- All passes are iterative: a successful merge restarts the search so
the rect list converges to a local optimum.
## Usage: Basic
```ts
import { optimiseOverlap } from "@suaveplan/emblem-solver";
const reduced = optimiseOverlap(
greedyCover,
requiredGrid,
availableGrid,
rows,
cols
);
```
## Usage: Advanced
```ts
import { optimiseOverlap } from "@suaveplan/emblem-solver";
let rects = greedyCover;
do {
const next = optimiseOverlap(rects, required, available, rows, cols);
if (next.length === rects.length) break;
rects = next;
} while (true);
```
## API Reference
| Symbol | Kind | Description |
|---|---|---|
| `optimiseOverlap(rects, required, available, rows, cols)` | fn | Apply pairwise, extend, and cross-replace reductions |
## Implementation Notes
The pass 1 inclusion check uses `Set<number>` of packed pixel indices so
the comparison is O(k) where `k` is the cell count of the union. Pass 2
limits itself to `max(rows, cols)` extension attempts so we cannot loop
forever on a pathological input. Pass 3 enumerates all `(hy, hh)` slice
positions inside the bbox; this is O(bboxH²) per triple, acceptable
because the rect list is small after pass 1. We deliberately do not
attempt 4-rect reductions — the upstream measurements show diminishing
returns beyond the cross/T/L family and the worst-case complexity scales
unfavourably.

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import { describe, expect, it } from "@suaveplan/testing/runner";
import type { Rect } from "../../types/types.js";
import { optimiseOverlap } from "./overlap.js";
function full(rows: number, cols: number): boolean[][] {
return Array.from({ length: rows }, () => Array(cols).fill(true));
}
describe("optimiseOverlap", () => {
it("returns input unchanged when length <= 1", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const rects: Rect[] = [{ x: 0, y: 0, w: 1, h: 1 }];
const req = full(2, 2);
const av = full(2, 2);
expect(optimiseOverlap(rects, req, av, 2, 2)).toEqual(rects);
expect(optimiseOverlap([], req, av, 2, 2)).toEqual([]);
});
it("reduces a 3-rect L to 2 rects", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
// L-shape: covers (0..2,0), (0,0..2) — 3 rects originally, 2 with overlap
const required: boolean[][] = [
[true, true, true],
[true, false, false],
[true, false, false],
];
const av = full(3, 3);
const start: Rect[] = [
{ x: 0, y: 0, w: 3, h: 1 },
{ x: 0, y: 1, w: 1, h: 1 },
{ x: 0, y: 2, w: 1, h: 1 },
];
const out = optimiseOverlap(start, required, av, 3, 3);
expect(out.length).toBeLessThanOrEqual(2);
});
it("extend-to-subsume fires when bbox merge would exceed available", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
// Two rects whose bbox union includes an unavailable corner so the
// bbox-merge path is rejected; tryExtendToSubsume can still grow
// rect a along an axis to subsume rect b.
const required: boolean[][] = [
[true, true, false],
[true, true, false],
[false, false, false],
];
const available: boolean[][] = [
[true, true, false],
[true, true, false],
[false, false, false],
];
// Two unit rects that together require a 2x2 cover; only one rect
// can actually subsume both, and bbox-merge to 2x2 still works here.
const start: Rect[] = [
{ x: 0, y: 0, w: 2, h: 1 },
{ x: 0, y: 1, w: 1, h: 1 },
];
const out = optimiseOverlap(start, required, available, 3, 3);
expect(out.length).toBeLessThanOrEqual(2);
});
it("cross-replace fires when bbox merge is rejected", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
// Three rects forming a plus shape whose required cells form a plus
// pattern; available is the full 3x3 so bbox merge of any pair
// covers required pixels that the originals did not (the plus has
// empty corners), failing the covBefore-subset-of-covAfter test.
// This forces the 3-rect cross-replace path.
const required: boolean[][] = [
[false, true, false],
[true, true, true],
[false, true, false],
];
const available: boolean[][] = [
[true, true, true],
[true, true, true],
[true, true, true],
];
// Three unit/strip rects covering the plus's middle row, top, bottom
const start: Rect[] = [
{ x: 0, y: 1, w: 3, h: 1 },
{ x: 1, y: 0, w: 1, h: 1 },
{ x: 1, y: 2, w: 1, h: 1 },
];
const out = optimiseOverlap(start, required, available, 3, 3);
expect(out.length).toBeLessThanOrEqual(2);
});
it("extend-to-subsume succeeds vacuously when b has no required cells", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
// required = only (0,0). b lives at (2,2) which is not required.
// bbox = (0,0,3,3) but (1,1) is unavailable, so bboxMerge fails.
// tryExtendToSubsume's bRequired = [] (b's cells aren't required) →
// coversAll vacuous true → returns a if a fully available.
const required: boolean[][] = [
[true, false, false],
[false, false, false],
[false, false, false],
];
const available: boolean[][] = [
[true, true, true],
[true, false, true],
[true, true, true],
];
const start: Rect[] = [
{ x: 0, y: 0, w: 1, h: 1 },
{ x: 2, y: 2, w: 1, h: 1 },
];
const out = optimiseOverlap(start, required, available, 3, 3);
// Two rects collapse to one because the extend branch swallows b.
expect(out.length).toBe(1);
});
it("cross-replace succeeds vacuously when three rects have no required cells", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
// Three rects, none containing required cells. tryBBoxMerge fails
// because bbox spans unavailable corners; tryCrossReplace finds a
// single h-strip that "covers" the empty bRequired set.
const required: boolean[][] = [
[false, false, false],
[false, false, false],
[false, false, false],
];
const available: boolean[][] = [
[true, true, true],
[true, true, true],
[true, true, true],
];
const start: Rect[] = [
{ x: 0, y: 0, w: 1, h: 1 },
{ x: 2, y: 0, w: 1, h: 1 },
{ x: 1, y: 2, w: 1, h: 1 },
];
const out = optimiseOverlap(start, required, available, 3, 3);
// Pairwise bbox merges collapse all three. Cross-replace may also
// fire on the original 3-set. Either way the count drops.
expect(out.length).toBeLessThanOrEqual(3);
});
it("reduces a 3-rect plus to 2 overlapping rects (cross-replace)", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
const required: boolean[][] = [
[false, true, false],
[true, true, true],
[false, true, false],
];
const av = full(3, 3);
const start: Rect[] = [
{ x: 0, y: 1, w: 3, h: 1 },
{ x: 1, y: 0, w: 1, h: 1 },
{ x: 1, y: 2, w: 1, h: 1 },
];
const out = optimiseOverlap(start, required, av, 3, 3);
expect(out.length).toBeLessThanOrEqual(2);
});
});

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import {
isFullyAvailable,
pack,
unpackX,
unpackY,
} from "../../helpers/helpers.js";
import type { Rect } from "../../types/types.js";
export function tryBBoxMerge(
a: Rect,
b: Rect,
available: boolean[][]
): Rect | null {
const merged: Rect = {
x: Math.min(a.x, b.x),
y: Math.min(a.y, b.y),
w: Math.max(a.x + a.w, b.x + b.w) - Math.min(a.x, b.x),
h: Math.max(a.y + a.h, b.y + b.h) - Math.min(a.y, b.y),
};
return isFullyAvailable(merged, available) ? merged : null;
}
export function tryExtendToSubsume(
a: Rect,
b: Rect,
required: boolean[][],
available: boolean[][],
rows: number,
cols: number
): Rect | null {
const bRequired: Array<[number, number]> = [];
for (let ry = b.y; ry < b.y + b.h; ry++) {
for (let rx = b.x; rx < b.x + b.w; rx++) {
if (required[ry]?.[rx]) bRequired.push([rx, ry]);
}
}
const directions = [
{ dx: 0, dy: 0, dw: 1, dh: 0 },
{ dx: -1, dy: 0, dw: 1, dh: 0 },
{ dx: 0, dy: 0, dw: 0, dh: 1 },
{ dx: 0, dy: -1, dw: 0, dh: 1 },
];
let candidate: Rect = { ...a };
for (let attempt = 0; attempt < Math.max(rows, cols); attempt++) {
const covers = bRequired.every(
([px, py]) =>
px >= candidate.x &&
px < candidate.x + candidate.w &&
py >= candidate.y &&
py < candidate.y + candidate.h
);
if (covers) {
return isFullyAvailable(candidate, available) ? candidate : null;
}
let bestDir: Rect | null = null;
let bestProgress = 0;
for (const dir of directions) {
const ext: Rect = {
x: candidate.x + dir.dx,
y: candidate.y + dir.dy,
w: candidate.w + dir.dw,
h: candidate.h + dir.dh,
};
if (
ext.x < 0 ||
ext.y < 0 ||
ext.x + ext.w > cols ||
ext.y + ext.h > rows
) {
continue;
}
if (!isFullyAvailable(ext, available)) continue;
let progress = 0;
for (const [px, py] of bRequired) {
const inExt =
px >= ext.x &&
px < ext.x + ext.w &&
py >= ext.y &&
py < ext.y + ext.h;
const inCand =
px >= candidate.x &&
px < candidate.x + candidate.w &&
py >= candidate.y &&
py < candidate.y + candidate.h;
if (inExt && !inCand) progress++;
}
if (progress > bestProgress) {
bestProgress = progress;
bestDir = ext;
}
}
if (!bestDir || bestProgress === 0) return null;
candidate = bestDir;
}
return null;
}
export function tryCrossReplace(
a: Rect,
b: Rect,
c: Rect,
required: boolean[][],
available: boolean[][],
cols: number
): Rect[] | null {
const allRequired = new Set<number>();
for (const rect of [a, b, c]) {
for (let ry = rect.y; ry < rect.y + rect.h; ry++) {
for (let rx = rect.x; rx < rect.x + rect.w; rx++) {
if (required[ry]?.[rx]) allRequired.add(pack(rx, ry, cols));
}
}
}
let minX = Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY;
let maxX = Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY;
let minY = Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY;
let maxY = Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY;
for (const idx of allRequired) {
const x = unpackX(idx, cols);
const y = unpackY(idx, cols);
if (x < minX) minX = x;
if (x > maxX) maxX = x;
if (y < minY) minY = y;
if (y > maxY) maxY = y;
}
const bboxW = maxX - minX + 1;
const bboxH = maxY - minY + 1;
for (let hy = minY; hy <= maxY; hy++) {
for (let hh = 1; hh <= maxY - hy + 1; hh++) {
const hRect: Rect = { x: minX, y: hy, w: bboxW, h: hh };
if (!isFullyAvailable(hRect, available)) continue;
const remaining = new Set<number>();
for (const idx of allRequired) {
const y = unpackY(idx, cols);
if (y < hy || y >= hy + hh) remaining.add(idx);
}
if (remaining.size === 0) return [hRect];
let remMinX = Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY;
let remMaxX = Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY;
for (const idx of remaining) {
const x = unpackX(idx, cols);
if (x < remMinX) remMinX = x;
if (x > remMaxX) remMaxX = x;
}
const vRect: Rect = {
x: remMinX,
y: minY,
w: remMaxX - remMinX + 1,
h: bboxH,
};
if (!isFullyAvailable(vRect, available)) continue;
const covers = [...remaining].every((idx) => {
const x = unpackX(idx, cols);
const y = unpackY(idx, cols);
return (
x >= vRect.x &&
x < vRect.x + vRect.w &&
y >= vRect.y &&
y < vRect.y + vRect.h
);
});
if (covers) return [hRect, vRect];
}
}
return null;
}
/**
* Post-process a rect list to find overlap-based reductions:
*
* 1. Pairwise bbox merge when the union covers nothing outside `available`
* and matches the original required-pixel set.
* 2. Extend a rect to subsume a neighbour while staying inside `available`.
* 3. Replace three rects with two overlapping rects (cross / T / L pattern).
*/
export function optimiseOverlap(
rects: ReadonlyArray<Rect>,
required: boolean[][],
available: boolean[][],
rows: number,
cols: number
): Rect[] {
if (rects.length <= 1) return [...rects];
let best: Rect[] = [...rects];
let improved = true;
while (improved) {
improved = false;
for (let i = 0; i < best.length && !improved; i++) {
for (let j = i + 1; j < best.length && !improved; j++) {
const a = best[i] as Rect;
const b = best[j] as Rect;
const merged = tryBBoxMerge(a, b, available);
if (merged) {
const covBefore = new Set<number>();
for (const r of [a, b]) {
for (let ry = r.y; ry < r.y + r.h; ry++) {
for (let rx = r.x; rx < r.x + r.w; rx++) {
if (required[ry]?.[rx]) {
covBefore.add(pack(rx, ry, cols));
}
}
}
}
const covAfter = new Set<number>();
for (let ry = merged.y; ry < merged.y + merged.h; ry++) {
for (
let rx = merged.x;
rx < merged.x + merged.w;
rx++
) {
if (required[ry]?.[rx]) {
covAfter.add(pack(rx, ry, cols));
}
}
}
if ([...covBefore].every((p) => covAfter.has(p))) {
best = best.filter((_, idx) => idx !== i && idx !== j);
best.push(merged);
improved = true;
}
}
if (!improved) {
const ext = tryExtendToSubsume(
best[i] as Rect,
best[j] as Rect,
required,
available,
rows,
cols
);
if (ext) {
best[i] = ext;
best.splice(j, 1);
improved = true;
}
}
}
}
}
improved = true;
while (improved && best.length >= 3) {
improved = false;
for (let i = 0; i < best.length && !improved; i++) {
for (let j = i + 1; j < best.length && !improved; j++) {
for (let k = j + 1; k < best.length && !improved; k++) {
const tri = tryCrossReplace(
best[i] as Rect,
best[j] as Rect,
best[k] as Rect,
required,
available,
cols
);
if (tri && tri.length < 3) {
best = best.filter(
(_, idx) => idx !== i && idx !== j && idx !== k
);
best.push(...tri);
improved = true;
}
}
}
}
}
return best;
}

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export { eliminateRedundant } from "./redundancy.js";

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# `optimizer/redundancy/redundancy.ts` — cross-layer redundancy elimination
<!-- begin:auto-docs -->
_(no submodules)_
<!-- end:auto-docs -->
## Purpose
This module owns `eliminateRedundant`, the final cross-layer optimisation
the converter runs after every layer's cover has been built. It removes
rectangles that produce no visible output: either because higher-z
rectangles of any colour overdraw them, or because sibling rectangles in
the same layer already cover the same cells. The pass operates in place
on the layer list and is the only pass that mutates `layer.rects`.
## Features
- Composites every layer into a per-cell `target` grid first (lower-z to
higher-z), then walks rect by rect deciding whether removal would
change the composited output.
- A rect is removed iff *every* one of its required cells is either
covered by a sibling rect at the same z-index or overdrawn by a higher-z
rect of any colour.
- In-place mutation via `Array.prototype.splice` — the converter calls
this once per ordering, so the in-place form keeps allocations bounded.
## Usage: Basic
```ts
import { eliminateRedundant } from "@suaveplan/emblem-solver";
eliminateRedundant(layers, width, height);
```
## Usage: Advanced
```ts
import { eliminateRedundant } from "@suaveplan/emblem-solver";
const before = layers.reduce((s, l) => s + l.rects.length, 0);
eliminateRedundant(layers, width, height);
const after = layers.reduce((s, l) => s + l.rects.length, 0);
console.log(`pruned ${before - after} redundant rects`);
```
## API Reference
| Symbol | Kind | Description |
|---|---|---|
| `eliminateRedundant(layers, width, height)` | fn | In-place prune of fully-occluded rects |
## Implementation Notes
The compositing step builds a `(string | null)[][]` grid keyed by the
canonical colour key — using a string rather than a packed integer makes
the per-cell comparison a single `===` against the layer's fill string,
which V8 deduplicates aggressively. The two-pass design (composite first,
then walk rect by rect) avoids the quadratic blow-up of repeatedly
re-compositing after each removal. The removable indices are pushed in
ascending order and spliced in reverse, so we never break the index
correspondence mid-removal.

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import { describe, expect, it } from "@suaveplan/testing/runner";
import type { Rect } from "../../types/types.js";
import { eliminateRedundant } from "./redundancy.js";
describe("eliminateRedundant", () => {
it("removes a fully-occluded rect", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const layers = [
{
zIndex: 0,
rects: [{ x: 0, y: 0, w: 4, h: 4 }] as Rect[],
colour: { r: 255, g: 0, b: 0 },
},
{
zIndex: 1,
rects: [{ x: 0, y: 0, w: 4, h: 4 }] as Rect[],
colour: { r: 0, g: 0, b: 255 },
},
];
eliminateRedundant(layers, 4, 4);
expect(layers[0]?.rects.length).toBe(0);
expect(layers[1]?.rects.length).toBe(1);
});
it("removes sibling-redundant rects within the same layer", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
// Sibling fully contains the second rect → second is redundant.
const layers = [
{
zIndex: 0,
rects: [
{ x: 0, y: 0, w: 4, h: 4 },
{ x: 1, y: 1, w: 2, h: 2 },
] as Rect[],
colour: { r: 255, g: 0, b: 0 },
},
];
eliminateRedundant(layers, 4, 4);
expect(layers[0]?.rects.length).toBe(1);
});
it("leaves an essential rect alone", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const layers = [
{
zIndex: 0,
rects: [{ x: 0, y: 0, w: 4, h: 4 }] as Rect[],
colour: { r: 1, g: 2, b: 3 },
},
];
eliminateRedundant(layers, 4, 4);
expect(layers[0]?.rects.length).toBe(1);
});
});

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import type { Rect } from "../../types/types.js";
interface LayerInput {
zIndex: number;
rects: Rect[];
colour: { r: number; g: number; b: number };
}
/**
* Cross-layer redundancy elimination.
*
* After all layers are built (z-stacked bottom-up), composite the rect
* pixels into a target grid. Then, for each rect, decide whether removing
* it would change the composited output: a rect is redundant iff every one
* of its pixels is either also covered by a sibling rect at the same
* z-index OR overdrawn by a higher-z rect of any colour.
*/
export function eliminateRedundant(
layers: LayerInput[],
width: number,
height: number
): void {
const target: Array<Array<string | null>> = Array.from(
{ length: height },
() => Array<string | null>(width).fill(null)
);
const sorted = [...layers].sort((a, b) => a.zIndex - b.zIndex);
for (const layer of sorted) {
const fill = `${layer.colour.r},${layer.colour.g},${layer.colour.b}`;
for (const rect of layer.rects) {
for (let ry = rect.y; ry < rect.y + rect.h; ry++) {
const row = target[ry] as Array<string | null>;
for (let rx = rect.x; rx < rect.x + rect.w; rx++) {
row[rx] = fill;
}
}
}
}
for (const layer of sorted) {
const removable: number[] = [];
const fill = `${layer.colour.r},${layer.colour.g},${layer.colour.b}`;
for (let ri = 0; ri < layer.rects.length; ri++) {
const rect = layer.rects[ri] as Rect;
let canRemove = true;
for (let ry = rect.y; ry < rect.y + rect.h && canRemove; ry++) {
for (let rx = rect.x; rx < rect.x + rect.w && canRemove; rx++) {
if (target[ry]?.[rx] !== fill) continue;
let coveredByOther = false;
for (let oj = 0; oj < layer.rects.length; oj++) {
if (oj === ri) continue;
const other = layer.rects[oj] as Rect;
if (
rx >= other.x &&
rx < other.x + other.w &&
ry >= other.y &&
ry < other.y + other.h
) {
coveredByOther = true;
break;
}
}
if (!coveredByOther) canRemove = false;
}
}
if (canRemove) removable.push(ri);
}
for (let i = removable.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
layer.rects.splice(removable[i] as number, 1);
}
}
}

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export {
type ConvertOptionsParsed,
ConvertOptionsSchema,
} from "./schemas.js";

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# `schemas/schemas.ts` — Zod options schema
<!-- begin:auto-docs -->
_(no submodules)_
<!-- end:auto-docs -->
## Purpose
This module owns the runtime validation surface for `@suaveplan/emblem-solver`.
It exposes `ConvertOptionsSchema`, a Zod schema that mirrors the static
`ConvertOptions` interface, applies sensible defaults, and rejects unknown
keys. `convert()` runs every caller-supplied options object through
`safeParse` so typos or out-of-range values fail loudly with
`EmblemSolverError(INVALID_OPTIONS)` rather than silently degrading the
solver.
## Features
- `layerOrder` defaults to `"auto"` and is validated as a closed enum over
the five supported strategies.
- `maxPermutations` defaults to `40320 = 8!` — the threshold beyond which
exhaustive permutation search is abandoned in favour of heuristics +
random sampling. The schema enforces `int().min(1)` so a zero or negative
value is rejected at the boundary.
- `rng` is an optional `() => number` validated with `z.custom<…>()`. It is
the only injection point for the package — supplying it makes the
heuristic + sampling path fully deterministic.
- `.strict()` rejects unknown keys, so misspelled options never silently
succeed.
## Usage: Basic
```ts
import { ConvertOptionsSchema } from "@suaveplan/emblem-solver/schemas";
const parsed = ConvertOptionsSchema.parse({ layerOrder: "area-desc" });
parsed.maxPermutations; // 40320 (default applied)
```
## Usage: Advanced
```ts
import { ConvertOptionsSchema } from "@suaveplan/emblem-solver/schemas";
import { EMBLEM_SOLVER_CODES, EmblemSolverError } from
"@suaveplan/emblem-solver/errors";
function safeOptions(raw: unknown) {
const r = ConvertOptionsSchema.safeParse(raw);
if (!r.success) {
throw new EmblemSolverError(
EMBLEM_SOLVER_CODES.INVALID_OPTIONS,
`bad options: ${r.error.issues
.map((i) => `${i.path.join(".")}: ${i.message}`)
.join("; ")}`
);
}
return r.data;
}
```
## API Reference
| Symbol | Kind | Description |
|---|---|---|
| `ConvertOptionsSchema` | `z.ZodObject` | Strict schema for `ConvertOptions` |
| `ConvertOptionsParsed` | type | Post-defaults shape of the parsed result |
## Implementation Notes
The schema lives in its own module so the rest of the package does not pay
the Zod cost at import time when consumers do not need validation (e.g.
hot-loop callers that constructed options at startup). `convert()` always
runs through this schema, but downstream tooling can call
`ConvertOptionsSchema.parse` ahead of time and pass the parsed result into
its own caching layer. We use `z.custom<() => number>` rather than
`z.function()` because Zod 4 deprecated runtime function validation in
favour of a custom predicate; this matches the catalog `zod ^4.x`. The
`rng` field stays optional (rather than defaulting to `Math.random`) so the
test harness can detect whether a caller injected a deterministic source.

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import { describe, expect, it } from "@suaveplan/testing/runner";
import { ConvertOptionsSchema } from "./schemas.js";
describe("ConvertOptionsSchema", () => {
it("applies defaults", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const parsed = ConvertOptionsSchema.parse({});
expect(parsed.layerOrder).toBe("auto");
expect(parsed.maxPermutations).toBe(40320);
expect(parsed.rng).toBeUndefined();
});
it("accepts every layerOrder variant", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
for (const v of [
"auto",
"area-desc",
"area-asc",
"island-aware",
"perimeter-desc",
] as const) {
expect(
ConvertOptionsSchema.parse({ layerOrder: v }).layerOrder
).toBe(v);
}
});
it("ConvertOptionsSchema rejects unknown keys", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const result = ConvertOptionsSchema.safeParse({ wibble: 1 });
expect(result.success).toBe(false);
});
it("rejects non-positive maxPermutations", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(
ConvertOptionsSchema.safeParse({ maxPermutations: 0 }).success
).toBe(false);
expect(
ConvertOptionsSchema.safeParse({ maxPermutations: -1 }).success
).toBe(false);
expect(
ConvertOptionsSchema.safeParse({ maxPermutations: 1.5 }).success
).toBe(false);
});
it("rejects non-enum layerOrder", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(
ConvertOptionsSchema.safeParse({
layerOrder: "nonsense",
}).success
).toBe(false);
});
it("accepts a function rng and rejects a non-function", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
const fn = () => 0.42;
expect(ConvertOptionsSchema.parse({ rng: fn }).rng).toBe(fn);
expect(ConvertOptionsSchema.safeParse({ rng: 0.42 }).success).toBe(
false
);
});
});

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import z from "zod";
import type { ConvertOptions } from "../types/types.js";
/**
* Zod schema for `ConvertOptions`.
*
* Strict — unknown keys are rejected so typos surface as
* `EmblemSolverError(INVALID_OPTIONS)` rather than silently being ignored.
*
* `maxPermutations` defaults to `40320 = 8!`, the highest permutation count
* the upstream algorithm exhaustively evaluates before falling back to
* heuristic + sampling search.
*/
export const ConvertOptionsSchema = z
.object({
layerOrder: z
.enum([
"auto",
"area-desc",
"area-asc",
"island-aware",
"perimeter-desc",
])
.default("auto"),
maxPermutations: z.number().int().min(1).default(40320),
rng: z
.custom<() => number>((v) => typeof v === "function", {
message: "rng must be a () => number function",
})
.optional(),
})
.strict();
/** Parsed (post-defaults) form of `ConvertOptions`. */
export type ConvertOptionsParsed = Required<Omit<ConvertOptions, "rng">> & {
rng?: () => number;
};

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# `solver/greedy/greedy.ts` — deterministic greedy set-cover
<!-- begin:auto-docs -->
_(no submodules)_
<!-- end:auto-docs -->
## Purpose
This module provides the greedy selector that drives the primary covering
strategy. `enhancedGreedyCover` picks rectangles from a candidate pool
using a deterministic three-key score (covered count, efficiency, centroid
proximity). `perIslandCover` runs the same selector independently on each
4-connected island so the algorithm never wastes budget on rectangles that
span the transparent gap between two disjoint islands.
## Features
- Three-key score: `covered * 1000 + efficiency * 100 + proximity * 10`.
The factors are deliberately spaced so a more-covering rect always beats
a more-efficient one, and ties are broken by centroid proximity.
- Falls back to emitting `1×1` rectangles for any residual uncovered
pixels — guarantees the cover is complete even when no candidate
intersects the residual.
- `perIslandCover` filters the candidate pool per island so the selector
never considers a spanning rect; this halves selection work on
multi-island colours.
## Usage: Basic
```ts
import {
dualAxisMaximalRects,
enhancedGreedyCover,
} from "@suaveplan/emblem-solver/solver";
const candidates = dualAxisMaximalRects(available, rows, cols);
const cover = enhancedGreedyCover(candidates, required, cols, rows);
```
## Usage: Advanced
```ts
import {
analyseGrid,
perIslandCover,
dualAxisMaximalRects,
} from "@suaveplan/emblem-solver";
const a = analyseGrid(pixels, w, h);
const info = a.colourAnalysis.get("255,0,0")!;
const candidates = dualAxisMaximalRects(available, h, w);
const cover = perIslandCover(info.islands, candidates, w, h);
```
## API Reference
| Symbol | Kind | Description |
|---|---|---|
| `enhancedGreedyCover(candidates, required, w, h)` | fn | Greedy cover with three-key score |
| `perIslandCover(islands, candidates, w, h)` | fn | Independent cover per island |
## Implementation Notes
The centroid term is computed against the running set of *uncovered*
required pixels, not the original set — this keeps selections clustered
even as the residual shrinks. We use a precomputed `maxDist =
sqrt(w² + h²)` so the proximity term is normalised to `[0, 1]`; without
this, the third tiebreaker could dominate the second on large grids.
`perIslandCover` materialises a fresh `boolean[][]` per island; this is
acceptable because the typical island count is small (≤ 10 on the
upstream fixtures) and the allocation cost is dominated by the cover work
inside.

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import { describe, expect, it } from "@suaveplan/testing/runner";
import { pack } from "../../helpers/helpers.js";
import type { Rect } from "../../types/types.js";
import { enhancedGreedyCover, perIslandCover } from "./greedy.js";
describe("enhancedGreedyCover", () => {
it("returns empty array when nothing is required", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
const req: boolean[][] = [
[false, false],
[false, false],
];
expect(enhancedGreedyCover([], req, 2, 2)).toEqual([]);
});
it("picks the largest covering rect first", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const req: boolean[][] = [
[true, true, true],
[true, true, true],
];
const candidates: Rect[] = [
{ x: 0, y: 0, w: 3, h: 2 },
{ x: 0, y: 0, w: 1, h: 2 },
];
const out = enhancedGreedyCover(candidates, req, 3, 2);
expect(out).toEqual([{ x: 0, y: 0, w: 3, h: 2 }]);
});
it("falls back to 1x1 rects when no candidate overlaps required", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
const req: boolean[][] = [
[true, true],
[true, true],
];
// No candidate touches required → fallback path
const out = enhancedGreedyCover([], req, 2, 2);
expect(out.length).toBe(4);
for (const r of out) {
expect(r.w).toBe(1);
expect(r.h).toBe(1);
}
});
});
describe("perIslandCover", () => {
it("covers two islands without spanning the gap", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const w = 5;
const island1 = new Set<number>([
pack(0, 0, w),
pack(1, 0, w),
pack(0, 1, w),
pack(1, 1, w),
]);
const island2 = new Set<number>([
pack(3, 0, w),
pack(4, 0, w),
pack(3, 1, w),
pack(4, 1, w),
]);
const candidates: Rect[] = [
{ x: 0, y: 0, w: 2, h: 2 },
{ x: 3, y: 0, w: 2, h: 2 },
{ x: 0, y: 0, w: 5, h: 2 }, // spanning candidate — should NOT be used
];
const out = perIslandCover(
[{ pixels: island1 }, { pixels: island2 }],
candidates,
w,
2
);
expect(out.length).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(2);
for (const r of out) {
// No rect should span both islands (no rect with x=0 and x+w>=4)
expect(r.x + r.w).toBeLessThanOrEqual(5);
// Must be wholly within one of the two 2-wide islands
const inA = r.x >= 0 && r.x + r.w <= 2;
const inB = r.x >= 3 && r.x + r.w <= 5;
expect(inA || inB).toBe(true);
}
});
it("handles empty island list", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(perIslandCover([], [], 4, 4)).toEqual([]);
});
});

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import { pack, unpackX, unpackY } from "../../helpers/helpers.js";
import type { Rect } from "../../types/types.js";
/**
* Greedy set-cover with a deterministic three-key score:
*
* 1. number of uncovered required pixels covered (primary)
* 2. covered / area ratio (efficiency — prefer compact rects)
* 3. proximity of rect centroid to the centroid of the remaining required
* pixels (tiebreaker — keep selections clustered)
*
* When no candidate rect intersects the remaining uncovered set, fall back
* to emitting 1×1 rects for every residual pixel. This guarantees the cover
* is always complete even on pathological inputs.
*/
export function enhancedGreedyCover(
candidates: ReadonlyArray<Rect>,
required: boolean[][],
width: number,
height: number
): Rect[] {
const uncovered = new Set<number>();
for (let y = 0; y < height; y++) {
for (let x = 0; x < width; x++) {
if (required[y]?.[x]) uncovered.add(pack(x, y, width));
}
}
if (uncovered.size === 0) return [];
const selected: Rect[] = [];
const maxDist = Math.sqrt(width ** 2 + height ** 2);
while (uncovered.size > 0) {
let cx = 0;
let cy = 0;
for (const idx of uncovered) {
cx += unpackX(idx, width);
cy += unpackY(idx, width);
}
cx /= uncovered.size;
cy /= uncovered.size;
let bestRect: Rect | null = null;
let bestScore = Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY;
for (const rect of candidates) {
let covered = 0;
for (let ry = rect.y; ry < rect.y + rect.h; ry++) {
for (let rx = rect.x; rx < rect.x + rect.w; rx++) {
if (uncovered.has(pack(rx, ry, width))) covered++;
}
}
if (covered === 0) continue;
const area = rect.w * rect.h;
const efficiency = covered / area;
const rcx = rect.x + rect.w / 2;
const rcy = rect.y + rect.h / 2;
const dist = Math.sqrt((rcx - cx) ** 2 + (rcy - cy) ** 2);
const proximity = 1 - dist / maxDist;
const score = covered * 1000 + efficiency * 100 + proximity * 10;
if (score > bestScore) {
bestScore = score;
bestRect = rect;
}
}
if (!bestRect) {
for (const idx of uncovered) {
selected.push({
x: unpackX(idx, width),
y: unpackY(idx, width),
w: 1,
h: 1,
});
}
uncovered.clear();
break;
}
selected.push(bestRect);
for (let ry = bestRect.y; ry < bestRect.y + bestRect.h; ry++) {
for (let rx = bestRect.x; rx < bestRect.x + bestRect.w; rx++) {
uncovered.delete(pack(rx, ry, width));
}
}
}
return selected;
}
/**
* Per-island independent cover: build a local `required` mask for each
* island and run `enhancedGreedyCover` against the subset of candidates
* that overlap it. This avoids wasting selection budget on spanning rects
* between disconnected islands.
*/
export function perIslandCover(
islands: ReadonlyArray<{ readonly pixels: Set<number> }>,
candidates: ReadonlyArray<Rect>,
width: number,
height: number
): Rect[] {
const out: Rect[] = [];
for (const island of islands) {
const local: boolean[][] = Array.from({ length: height }, () =>
Array(width).fill(false)
);
for (const idx of island.pixels) {
(local[unpackY(idx, width)] as boolean[])[unpackX(idx, width)] =
true;
}
const localCandidates = candidates.filter((r) => {
for (let ry = r.y; ry < r.y + r.h; ry++) {
for (let rx = r.x; rx < r.x + r.w; rx++) {
if (local[ry]?.[rx]) return true;
}
}
return false;
});
out.push(...enhancedGreedyCover(localCandidates, local, width, height));
}
return out;
}

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export { enhancedGreedyCover, perIslandCover } from "./greedy.js";

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# `solver/histogram/histogram.ts` — dual-axis maximal rectangles
<!-- begin:auto-docs -->
_(no submodules)_
<!-- end:auto-docs -->
## Purpose
This module enumerates every distinct maximal-rectangle candidate inside an
opaque-pixel grid. It is the candidate pool consumed by
`enhancedGreedyCover` and the layer-pipeline. The implementation runs the
classic "largest rectangle in histogram" stack sweep on both the original
grid and its transpose, deduplicates by `(x, y, w, h)` key, and returns the
union. Sweeping both axes is what makes the cover competitive on
tall/narrow patterns the single-axis sweep misses.
## Features
- O(rows × cols) histogram sweep per axis, O(rows × cols) transposition,
O(unique-rects) merge into the final set.
- Emits every nested maximal rectangle, not just the largest — the greedy
cover needs the full pool to make sensible trade-offs.
- No allocation per cell beyond the heights table; the rect set uses string
keys so identical rects from both axes collapse to one.
## Usage: Basic
```ts
import { dualAxisMaximalRects } from "@suaveplan/emblem-solver/solver";
const available = [
[true, true, false],
[true, true, false],
];
const rects = dualAxisMaximalRects(available, 2, 3);
```
## Usage: Advanced
```ts
import {
dualAxisMaximalRects,
enhancedGreedyCover,
} from "@suaveplan/emblem-solver/solver";
const candidates = dualAxisMaximalRects(available, rows, cols);
candidates.sort((a, b) => b.w * b.h - a.w * a.h);
const cover = enhancedGreedyCover(candidates, required, cols, rows);
```
## API Reference
| Symbol | Kind | Description |
|---|---|---|
| `dualAxisMaximalRects(available, rows, cols)` | fn | Deduplicated maximal rects across both sweep axes |
## Implementation Notes
The internal `histogramSweep` builds a column-by-column heights table and
then walks each row with a monotonic stack. When the stack pops, every
height ≥ the popped column's height yields a distinct maximal rect of
width `x - leftBound` and height `rectH`. We emit *every* nested height so
the greedy cover can pick a smaller-but-better-positioned rect when the
maximal-tall one would force an awkward residual. The transposed sweep is
implemented as a fresh `boolean[][]` rather than an index permutation
because the inner loop's access pattern is row-major and we want to keep
cache locality on the hot path.

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import { describe, expect, it } from "@suaveplan/testing/runner";
import { dualAxisMaximalRects } from "./histogram.js";
describe("dualAxisMaximalRects", () => {
it("returns an empty array for an empty grid", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const empty: boolean[][] = [
[false, false],
[false, false],
];
expect(dualAxisMaximalRects(empty, 2, 2)).toEqual([]);
});
it("includes the full grid rect for a solid grid", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
const solid: boolean[][] = [
[true, true, true],
[true, true, true],
[true, true, true],
];
const rects = dualAxisMaximalRects(solid, 3, 3);
const has3x3 = rects.some(
(r) => r.x === 0 && r.y === 0 && r.w === 3 && r.h === 3
);
expect(has3x3).toBe(true);
});
it("recovers a vertical column the normal sweep alone might miss", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
const col: boolean[][] = [
[false, true, false],
[false, true, false],
[false, true, false],
[false, true, false],
];
const rects = dualAxisMaximalRects(col, 4, 3);
const hasTall = rects.some(
(r) => r.x === 1 && r.y === 0 && r.w === 1 && r.h === 4
);
expect(hasTall).toBe(true);
});
it("deduplicates rectangles shared between sweeps", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
// A solid square produces the same NxN rect from both axes; the
// dedup map collapses them to one entry.
const solid: boolean[][] = [
[true, true],
[true, true],
];
const rects = dualAxisMaximalRects(solid, 2, 2);
const matches = rects.filter(
(r) => r.x === 0 && r.y === 0 && r.w === 2 && r.h === 2
);
expect(matches.length).toBe(1);
});
it("deduplicates within a single histogram sweep", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
// A wider solid block emits 1x1 rectangles for every column at
// every row; the inner rectSet must collapse repeated keys
// emitted from successive pops.
const block: boolean[][] = [
[true, true, true, true],
[true, true, true, true],
[true, true, true, true],
];
const rects = dualAxisMaximalRects(block, 3, 4);
// The full 4x3 rect must appear exactly once even though both
// axes plus multiple pop heights would otherwise duplicate it.
const fulls = rects.filter(
(r) => r.x === 0 && r.y === 0 && r.w === 4 && r.h === 3
);
expect(fulls.length).toBe(1);
});
it("L-shape produces multiple distinct maximal rects", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
const l: boolean[][] = [
[true, false],
[true, false],
[true, true],
];
const rects = dualAxisMaximalRects(l, 3, 2);
const keys = new Set(rects.map((r) => `${r.x},${r.y},${r.w},${r.h}`));
expect(keys.has("0,0,1,3")).toBe(true);
expect(keys.has("0,2,2,1")).toBe(true);
});
});

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import type { Rect } from "../../types/types.js";
/**
* Classic "largest rectangle in histogram" sweep that emits every distinct
* maximal rectangle reachable by extending each column upward and the
* monotone-stack popping rule.
*/
function histogramSweep(grid: boolean[][], rows: number, cols: number): Rect[] {
const heights: number[][] = Array.from({ length: rows }, () =>
Array(cols).fill(0)
);
for (let x = 0; x < cols; x++) {
for (let y = 0; y < rows; y++) {
const row = heights[y] as number[];
const cell = (grid[y] as boolean[])[x] as boolean;
row[x] = cell
? y > 0
? ((heights[y - 1] as number[])[x] as number) + 1
: 1
: 0;
}
}
const rects: Rect[] = [];
for (let y = 0; y < rows; y++) {
const rh = heights[y] as number[];
const stack: number[] = [];
for (let x = 0; x <= cols; x++) {
const h = x < cols ? (rh[x] as number) : 0;
while (stack.length > 0) {
const topIdx = stack[stack.length - 1] as number;
const topH = rh[topIdx] as number;
if (topH <= h) break;
stack.pop();
const leftBound =
stack.length > 0
? (stack[stack.length - 1] as number) + 1
: 0;
const w = x - leftBound;
for (let rectH = topH; rectH >= 1; rectH--) {
const ry = y - rectH + 1;
rects.push({ x: leftBound, y: ry, w, h: rectH });
}
}
stack.push(x);
}
}
// The outer `dualAxisMaximalRects` map collapses duplicates across the
// normal + transposed sweeps; within one sweep the algorithm cannot
// emit the same (leftBound, ry, w, rectH) twice, so no intra-sweep
// dedup is needed.
return rects;
}
/**
* Enumerate every maximal rectangle of an opaque-pixel grid by running the
* histogram sweep on both the original grid and its transpose. The
* transposed sweep recovers tall/thin rectangles the normal sweep misses.
*
* The deduplicated rect set is the candidate pool fed to the
* `enhancedGreedyCover` selector.
*/
export function dualAxisMaximalRects(
available: boolean[][],
rows: number,
cols: number
): Rect[] {
const normalRects = histogramSweep(available, rows, cols);
const transposed: boolean[][] = Array.from({ length: cols }, (_, x) =>
Array.from(
{ length: rows },
(_, y) => (available[y] as boolean[])[x] === true
)
);
const transposedRects = histogramSweep(transposed, cols, rows);
const flipped = transposedRects.map((r) => ({
x: r.y,
y: r.x,
w: r.h,
h: r.w,
}));
const all = new Map<string, Rect>();
for (const r of normalRects) all.set(`${r.x},${r.y},${r.w},${r.h}`, r);
for (const r of flipped) all.set(`${r.x},${r.y},${r.w},${r.h}`, r);
return [...all.values()];
}

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export { dualAxisMaximalRects } from "./histogram.js";

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export { enhancedGreedyCover, perIslandCover } from "./greedy/greedy.js";
export { dualAxisMaximalRects } from "./histogram/histogram.js";
export { processLayerMultiStrategy } from "./layer/layer.js";
export {
factorial,
getStaticOrdering,
permutations,
} from "./ordering/ordering.js";
export { stripDecomposition } from "./strip/strip.js";

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export { processLayerMultiStrategy } from "./layer.js";

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# `solver/layer/layer.ts` — multi-strategy per-layer cover
<!-- begin:auto-docs -->
_(no submodules)_
<!-- end:auto-docs -->
## Purpose
This module owns `processLayerMultiStrategy`, the function the converter
calls once per layer in the current ordering. It runs every covering
strategy the package implements (dual-axis histogram + greedy, per-island
cover, strip decomposition, adjacent-rect merge) and returns the result
with the fewest rectangles. Running every strategy is what makes the
upstream algorithm robust — no single strategy wins on every emblem.
## Features
- Strategy A (dual-axis histogram → greedy → overlap optimise) is always
evaluated; it is the workhorse.
- Strategy B (per-island cover) only runs when the colour has more than
one island — pure optimisation, since a single-island colour would
produce the same answer.
- Strategy C (strip decomposition) is only adopted when the strips fully
cover the required pixels; the layer pipeline does not stitch in a
partial strip cover.
- Strategy D (adjacent-rect merge) runs against the best-so-far so we
never reject a free merge.
- The final winner is the smallest of all four (or three when B is
skipped).
## Usage: Basic
```ts
import {
analyseGrid,
processLayerMultiStrategy,
} from "@suaveplan/emblem-solver";
const a = analyseGrid(pixels, w, h);
const ownPixels = a.colourGroups.get("255,0,0")!;
const rects = processLayerMultiStrategy(
"255,0,0",
ownPixels,
a,
new Set<number>()
);
```
## Usage: Advanced
```ts
import { processLayerMultiStrategy } from "@suaveplan/emblem-solver";
const earlier = new Set<number>();
for (const key of orderedKeys) {
const ownPixels = analysis.colourGroups.get(key)!;
const rects = processLayerMultiStrategy(
key,
ownPixels,
analysis,
earlier
);
layers.push({ key, rects /* ... */ });
for (const p of ownPixels) earlier.add(p);
}
```
## API Reference
| Symbol | Kind | Description |
|---|---|---|
| `processLayerMultiStrategy(key, ownPixels, analysis, earlier)` | fn | Smallest rect cover across all strategies |
## Implementation Notes
The strip strategy only contributes when it fully covers the required
mask. We compute coverage by intersecting each valid strip with the
`required` grid (via `pack`) and comparing the resulting count to a
single pre-tallied `totalRequired`. The adjacent-rect merge pass runs
*after* the strategies have produced their winners; running it earlier
would force a merge on results that would have been pruned anyway. The
final reduce uses a strictly-less-than comparison (`a.length <= b.length`)
so the first result wins on ties — this preserves deterministic ordering
across runs.

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import { describe, expect, it } from "@suaveplan/testing/runner";
import { analyseGrid } from "../../grid/analyse/analyse.js";
import { fromIndexedGrid } from "../../io/parse/parse.js";
import { processLayerMultiStrategy } from "./layer.js";
describe("processLayerMultiStrategy", () => {
it("cross3x3 produces at most 2 rects", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const { pixels, width, height } = fromIndexedGrid(
[
[0, 1, 0],
[1, 1, 1],
[0, 1, 0],
],
new Map([[1, { r: 255, g: 0, b: 0 }]])
);
const a = analyseGrid(pixels, width, height);
const own = a.colourGroups.get("255,0,0");
if (!own) throw new Error("missing red group");
const rects = processLayerMultiStrategy(
"255,0,0",
own,
a,
new Set<number>()
);
expect(rects.length).toBeLessThanOrEqual(2);
// verify cover correctness
const covered = new Set<number>();
for (const r of rects) {
for (let ry = r.y; ry < r.y + r.h; ry++) {
for (let rx = r.x; rx < r.x + r.w; rx++) {
covered.add(ry * width + rx);
}
}
}
for (const p of own) expect(covered.has(p)).toBe(true);
});
it("multi-island colour exercises the per-island branch", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
const { pixels, width, height } = fromIndexedGrid(
[
[1, 1, 0, 1, 1],
[1, 1, 0, 1, 1],
],
new Map([[1, { r: 255, g: 0, b: 0 }]])
);
const a = analyseGrid(pixels, width, height);
const own = a.colourGroups.get("255,0,0");
if (!own) throw new Error("missing red group");
const rects = processLayerMultiStrategy(
"255,0,0",
own,
a,
new Set<number>()
);
expect(rects.length).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(2);
});
it("rejects strip decomposition when earlier layers occlude required cells", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
// Build a grid where the colour-under-test has a 1x3 required run
// but the middle cell is also claimed by an earlier layer (so the
// strip rect would not be fully available). The strip strategy must
// be skipped while the greedy strategy still produces a valid cover.
const { pixels, width, height } = fromIndexedGrid(
[[1, 1, 1]],
new Map([[1, { r: 7, g: 8, b: 9 }]])
);
const a = analyseGrid(pixels, width, height);
const own = a.colourGroups.get("7,8,9");
if (!own) throw new Error("missing group");
// Mark the middle cell as occupied by an "earlier" layer.
const earlier = new Set<number>([1]);
const rects = processLayerMultiStrategy("7,8,9", own, a, earlier);
// Greedy fallback emits two unit rects for the unoccluded cells.
expect(rects.length).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(1);
});
it("falls back gracefully when colourInfo is missing", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
const { pixels, width, height } = fromIndexedGrid(
[[1]],
new Map([[1, { r: 1, g: 2, b: 3 }]])
);
const a = analyseGrid(pixels, width, height);
// Use a key that exists; deliberately strip the analysis entry to
// exercise the missing-info branch.
a.colourAnalysis.delete("1,2,3");
const own = a.colourGroups.get("1,2,3");
if (!own) throw new Error("missing group");
const rects = processLayerMultiStrategy(
"1,2,3",
own,
a,
new Set<number>()
);
expect(rects.length).toBe(1);
});
});

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import {
buildAvailableGrid,
buildRequiredGrid,
isFullyAvailable,
pack,
rectCoversAnyRequired,
} from "../../helpers/helpers.js";
import { mergeAdjacentRects } from "../../optimizer/merge/merge.js";
import { optimiseOverlap } from "../../optimizer/overlap/overlap.js";
import type { GridAnalysis, Rect } from "../../types/types.js";
import { enhancedGreedyCover, perIslandCover } from "../greedy/greedy.js";
import { dualAxisMaximalRects } from "../histogram/histogram.js";
import { stripDecomposition } from "../strip/strip.js";
/**
* Cover a single layer's required pixels by running every strategy in the
* pipeline and returning whichever result has the fewest rectangles:
*
* A. dual-axis maximal rects → enhanced greedy → overlap optimise
* B. per-island cover → overlap optimise (only when the colour has > 1 island)
* C. strip decomposition (only when strips already cover every required pixel)
* D. adjacent-rect merge pass on the best-so-far
*/
export function processLayerMultiStrategy(
key: string,
ownPixels: Set<number>,
analysis: GridAnalysis,
earlierPixels: Set<number>
): Rect[] {
const { width, height, opaquePixels, colourAnalysis } = analysis;
const available = buildAvailableGrid(
width,
height,
opaquePixels,
earlierPixels
);
const required = buildRequiredGrid(ownPixels, width, height);
const colourInfo = colourAnalysis.get(key);
const results: Rect[][] = [];
// A. Dual-axis candidates → greedy → overlap optimise
const candidates = dualAxisMaximalRects(available, height, width).filter(
(r) => rectCoversAnyRequired(r, required)
);
candidates.sort((a, b) => b.w * b.h - a.w * a.h);
const stratA = optimiseOverlap(
enhancedGreedyCover(candidates, required, width, height),
required,
available,
height,
width
);
results.push(stratA);
// B. Per-island (only when there are multiple islands)
if (colourInfo && colourInfo.islands.length > 1) {
const stratB = optimiseOverlap(
perIslandCover(colourInfo.islands, candidates, width, height),
required,
available,
height,
width
);
results.push(stratB);
}
// C. Strip decomposition (only when it fully covers required)
const strips = stripDecomposition(required, height, width);
const validStrips = strips.filter((r) => isFullyAvailable(r, available));
const stripCovered = new Set<number>();
for (const r of validStrips) {
for (let ry = r.y; ry < r.y + r.h; ry++) {
for (let rx = r.x; rx < r.x + r.w; rx++) {
// Strip rects are emitted from required-only runs, so every
// cell is by construction part of the required mask.
stripCovered.add(pack(rx, ry, width));
}
}
}
let totalRequired = 0;
for (let y = 0; y < height; y++) {
const row = required[y] as boolean[];
for (let x = 0; x < width; x++) {
if (row[x]) totalRequired++;
}
}
if (stripCovered.size === totalRequired) {
results.push(validStrips);
}
// D. Merge pass on the best so far
const bestSoFar = results.reduce(
(a, b) => (a.length <= b.length ? a : b),
results[0] as Rect[]
);
results.push(mergeAdjacentRects(bestSoFar, available));
return results.reduce(
(a, b) => (a.length <= b.length ? a : b),
results[0] as Rect[]
);
}

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export {
factorial,
getStaticOrdering,
permutations,
} from "./ordering.js";

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# `solver/ordering/ordering.ts` — layer-ordering search primitives
<!-- begin:auto-docs -->
_(no submodules)_
<!-- end:auto-docs -->
## Purpose
This module provides the layer-ordering machinery the converter consults
when it has to decide which colour sits on the bottom of the z-stack and
which paints on top. `getStaticOrdering` returns one deterministic
ordering per named strategy (`area-desc`, `area-asc`, `island-aware`,
`perimeter-desc`). `permutations` lazily yields every n! ordering via
Heap's algorithm — used by `convert()` in `auto` mode when
`factorial(colourCount) ≤ maxPermutations`. `factorial` is the standard
mathematical factorial used to pick between the exhaustive and heuristic
branches.
## Features
- Four named static strategies, each O(n log n) over the colour count.
- `permutations` is a generator yielding fresh arrays — safe to break out
of early without materialising the full n! list.
- `factorial` short-circuits at `n ≤ 1` so it handles the trivial
edge cases without recursion.
## Usage: Basic
```ts
import {
getStaticOrdering,
permutations,
factorial,
} from "@suaveplan/emblem-solver/solver";
const order = getStaticOrdering(analysis, "area-desc");
factorial(5); // 120
```
## Usage: Advanced
```ts
import { permutations } from "@suaveplan/emblem-solver/solver";
let best = Infinity;
let bestPerm: string[] | undefined;
for (const perm of permutations(["r", "g", "b"])) {
const score = scoreOrdering(perm);
if (score < best) {
best = score;
bestPerm = [...perm];
}
}
```
## API Reference
| Symbol | Kind | Description |
|---|---|---|
| `getStaticOrdering(analysis, strategy)` | fn | Sorted colour keys for a named strategy |
| `permutations<T>(arr)` | gen | Yields every permutation (Heap's algorithm) |
| `factorial(n)` | fn | `factorial(0) === factorial(1) === 1` |
## Implementation Notes
`islandAwareScore` mixes four signals: coverage (how much of the grid the
colour occupies), occlusion benefit (the visual mass it removes from
higher layers), island penalty (more islands ⇒ more rectangles needed),
and hole ratio (bbox area / pixel count — large hole ratios suggest the
colour sits below another). The coefficients (`2.0`, `3.0`, `1.5`, `0.5`)
are inherited verbatim from the upstream implementation; they were tuned
empirically against the canonical sprite fixtures. `permutations` uses
Heap's algorithm with an explicit counter array rather than recursion;
this keeps stack pressure bounded for the worst-case 8! enumeration.

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import { describe, expect, it } from "@suaveplan/testing/runner";
import { analyseGrid } from "../../grid/analyse/analyse.js";
import { fromIndexedGrid } from "../../io/parse/parse.js";
import { factorial, getStaticOrdering, permutations } from "./ordering.js";
describe("permutations + factorial", () => {
it("permutations yields n! arrays", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const all = [...permutations(["a", "b", "c"])];
expect(all.length).toBe(6);
const seen = new Set(all.map((p) => p.join(",")));
expect(seen.size).toBe(6);
});
it("permutations on empty array yields one (the empty) permutation", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
const all = [...permutations<number>([])];
expect(all).toEqual([[]]);
});
it("factorial matches the standard definition", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(factorial(0)).toBe(1);
expect(factorial(1)).toBe(1);
expect(factorial(5)).toBe(120);
expect(factorial(7)).toBe(5040);
});
});
describe("getStaticOrdering", () => {
const make = () =>
analyseGrid(
...(() => {
const { pixels, width, height } = fromIndexedGrid(
[
[1, 1, 1, 2, 2],
[1, 0, 0, 0, 2],
[3, 3, 0, 0, 2],
],
new Map([
[1, { r: 1, g: 0, b: 0 }],
[2, { r: 0, g: 2, b: 0 }],
[3, { r: 0, g: 0, b: 3 }],
])
);
return [pixels, width, height] as const;
})()
);
it("area-desc returns the largest colour first", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const a = make();
const order = getStaticOrdering(a, "area-desc");
const first = a.colourGroups.get(order[0] as string);
const last = a.colourGroups.get(order[order.length - 1] as string);
expect((first?.size ?? 0) >= (last?.size ?? 0)).toBe(true);
});
it("area-asc returns the smallest colour first", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const a = make();
const order = getStaticOrdering(a, "area-asc");
const first = a.colourGroups.get(order[0] as string);
const last = a.colourGroups.get(order[order.length - 1] as string);
expect((first?.size ?? 0) <= (last?.size ?? 0)).toBe(true);
});
it("island-aware and perimeter-desc produce a 3-element ordering", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
const a = make();
expect(getStaticOrdering(a, "island-aware").length).toBe(3);
expect(getStaticOrdering(a, "perimeter-desc").length).toBe(3);
});
});

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import { computeBounds } from "../../helpers/helpers.js";
import type {
ColourAnalysis,
GridAnalysis,
LayerOrderStrategy,
} from "../../types/types.js";
/** Score how much a colour benefits from sitting on the bottom layer. */
function islandAwareScore(
a: ColourAnalysis,
totalOpaquePixels: number
): number {
const { totalPixels, islands, bounds, density } = a;
const boundsArea = bounds.w * bounds.h;
const coverage = totalPixels / totalOpaquePixels;
const occlusion = ((1 - density) * boundsArea) / totalOpaquePixels;
const islandPenalty = Math.max(0, islands.length - 1);
const holeRatio = boundsArea / Math.max(totalPixels, 1);
return (
coverage * 2.0 + occlusion * 3.0 + islandPenalty * 1.5 + holeRatio * 0.5
);
}
/** Build a deterministic ordering from a named static strategy. */
export function getStaticOrdering(
analysis: GridAnalysis,
strategy: Exclude<LayerOrderStrategy, "auto">
): string[] {
const entries = [...analysis.colourGroups.entries()];
const totalOpaque = analysis.opaquePixels.size;
switch (strategy) {
case "area-desc":
entries.sort((a, b) => b[1].size - a[1].size);
break;
case "area-asc":
entries.sort((a, b) => a[1].size - b[1].size);
break;
case "island-aware":
entries.sort((a, b) => {
const sA = analysis.colourAnalysis.get(a[0]) as ColourAnalysis;
const sB = analysis.colourAnalysis.get(b[0]) as ColourAnalysis;
return (
islandAwareScore(sB, totalOpaque) -
islandAwareScore(sA, totalOpaque)
);
});
break;
case "perimeter-desc":
entries.sort((a, b) => {
const bA = computeBounds(a[1], analysis.width);
const bB = computeBounds(b[1], analysis.width);
return 2 * (bB.w + bB.h) - 2 * (bA.w + bA.h);
});
break;
}
return entries.map(([key]) => key);
}
/**
* Generate every permutation of `arr` using Heap's algorithm. Yields the
* identity permutation first and then every distinct ordering in
* lexicographically-undefined but deterministic order.
*/
export function* permutations<T>(arr: ReadonlyArray<T>): Generator<T[]> {
const a = [...arr];
const n = a.length;
const c = new Array<number>(n).fill(0);
yield [...a];
let i = 0;
while (i < n) {
const ci = c[i] as number;
if (ci < i) {
if (i % 2 === 0) {
const tmp = a[0] as T;
a[0] = a[i] as T;
a[i] = tmp;
} else {
const tmp = a[ci] as T;
a[ci] = a[i] as T;
a[i] = tmp;
}
yield [...a];
c[i] = ci + 1;
i = 0;
} else {
c[i] = 0;
i++;
}
}
}
/** Mathematical factorial. `factorial(0) === factorial(1) === 1`. */
export function factorial(n: number): number {
return n <= 1 ? 1 : n * factorial(n - 1);
}

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export { stripDecomposition } from "./strip.js";

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# `solver/strip/strip.ts` — horizontal/vertical strip decomposition
<!-- begin:auto-docs -->
_(no submodules)_
<!-- end:auto-docs -->
## Purpose
This module implements `stripDecomposition`, a complementary cover strategy
that ignores the maximal-rect candidate pool entirely. It finds maximal
horizontal runs of required pixels, merges vertically-adjacent runs that
share both `x` and `length`, and runs the transposed variant (vertical runs
merged horizontally). The smaller of the two orientations wins. This
strategy is what gives `convert()` the right answer on tall thin shapes
that the histogram + greedy combo fragments.
## Features
- O(rows × cols) per axis; tail-call-free `while` loops.
- Two orientations evaluated, smaller wins — deterministic.
- Produces non-overlapping rects (unlike the overlap optimiser); the layer
pipeline only adopts the strip result if it covers the entire required
mask, otherwise it falls back to the greedy cover.
## Usage: Basic
```ts
import { stripDecomposition } from "@suaveplan/emblem-solver/solver";
const required = [
[true, true, true],
[true, true, true],
];
const rects = stripDecomposition(required, 2, 3);
```
## Usage: Advanced
```ts
import {
stripDecomposition,
isFullyAvailable,
} from "@suaveplan/emblem-solver";
const strips = stripDecomposition(required, rows, cols);
const valid = strips.filter((r) => isFullyAvailable(r, available));
```
## API Reference
| Symbol | Kind | Description |
|---|---|---|
| `stripDecomposition(required, rows, cols)` | fn | Smaller of horizontal-strips / vertical-strips |
## Implementation Notes
`mergeRuns` sorts runs by their primary coordinate, then their length, then
their secondary coordinate. The merge loop walks the sorted list once and
collapses consecutive entries that share `(x, length)` (horizontal) or
`(y, length)` (vertical) into a single taller/wider rect. Because the sort
is stable on JavaScript's `Array.prototype.sort` and we break on a length
mismatch, the merge terminates in O(n). The dual-orientation evaluation
ensures we never make the cover worse by picking the wrong axis — the
chess-board test exercises this branch heavily.

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import { describe, expect, it } from "@suaveplan/testing/runner";
import { stripDecomposition } from "./strip.js";
describe("stripDecomposition", () => {
it("single column produces one vertical strip", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const req: boolean[][] = [[true], [true], [true], [true], [true]];
const rects = stripDecomposition(req, 5, 1);
expect(rects).toEqual([{ x: 0, y: 0, w: 1, h: 5 }]);
});
it("single row produces one horizontal strip", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const req: boolean[][] = [[true, true, true, true]];
const rects = stripDecomposition(req, 1, 4);
expect(rects).toEqual([{ x: 0, y: 0, w: 4, h: 1 }]);
});
it("merges vertically adjacent same-extent horizontal runs", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
const req: boolean[][] = [
[true, true, true],
[true, true, true],
];
const rects = stripDecomposition(req, 2, 3);
expect(rects.length).toBe(1);
expect(rects[0]).toEqual({ x: 0, y: 0, w: 3, h: 2 });
});
it("splits when rows differ in extent", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const req: boolean[][] = [
[true, true, false],
[true, true, true],
];
const rects = stripDecomposition(req, 2, 3);
expect(rects.length).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(2);
});
it("empty required yields no rects", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const req: boolean[][] = [
[false, false],
[false, false],
];
expect(stripDecomposition(req, 2, 2)).toEqual([]);
});
it("picks the better axis when one is clearly smaller", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
// 1x4 column → vertical axis wins (1 rect vs 4)
const req: boolean[][] = [[true], [true], [true], [true]];
const rects = stripDecomposition(req, 4, 1);
expect(rects.length).toBe(1);
});
});

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import type { Rect } from "../../types/types.js";
interface Run {
readonly x: number;
readonly y: number;
readonly length: number;
}
function mergeRuns(runs: Run[], direction: "horizontal" | "vertical"): Rect[] {
const isH = direction === "horizontal";
runs.sort((a, b) =>
isH
? a.x - b.x || a.length - b.length || a.y - b.y
: a.y - b.y || a.length - b.length || a.x - b.x
);
const rects: Rect[] = [];
const used = new Set<number>();
for (let i = 0; i < runs.length; i++) {
if (used.has(i)) continue;
const run = runs[i] as Run;
let end = isH ? run.y : run.x;
for (let j = i + 1; j < runs.length; j++) {
// `used` entries are always contiguous w/ i; we break before any
// j could be revisited from a later i, so a used-check is dead.
const next = runs[j] as Run;
const sameExtent = isH
? next.x === run.x && next.length === run.length
: next.y === run.y && next.length === run.length;
const adjacent = isH ? next.y === end + 1 : next.x === end + 1;
if (sameExtent && adjacent) {
end = isH ? next.y : next.x;
used.add(j);
} else if (!sameExtent) {
break;
}
}
used.add(i);
rects.push(
isH
? { x: run.x, y: run.y, w: run.length, h: end - run.y + 1 }
: { x: run.x, y: run.y, w: end - run.x + 1, h: run.length }
);
}
return rects;
}
function horizontalStrips(
required: boolean[][],
rows: number,
cols: number
): Rect[] {
const runs: Run[] = [];
for (let y = 0; y < rows; y++) {
let x = 0;
while (x < cols) {
if (required[y]?.[x]) {
const startX = x;
while (x < cols && required[y]?.[x]) x++;
runs.push({ x: startX, y, length: x - startX });
} else {
x++;
}
}
}
return mergeRuns(runs, "horizontal");
}
function verticalStrips(
required: boolean[][],
rows: number,
cols: number
): Rect[] {
const runs: Run[] = [];
for (let x = 0; x < cols; x++) {
let y = 0;
while (y < rows) {
if (required[y]?.[x]) {
const startY = y;
while (y < rows && required[y]?.[x]) y++;
runs.push({ x, y: startY, length: y - startY });
} else {
y++;
}
}
}
return mergeRuns(runs, "vertical");
}
/**
* Strip decomposition: build maximal horizontal runs and the transposed
* vertical variant, merging same-extent adjacent runs, and return whichever
* orientation yields fewer rectangles.
*/
export function stripDecomposition(
required: boolean[][],
rows: number,
cols: number
): Rect[] {
const hRects = horizontalStrips(required, rows, cols);
const vRects = verticalStrips(required, rows, cols);
return hRects.length <= vRects.length ? hRects : vRects;
}

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# `svg/build/build.ts` — SVG serialiser
<!-- begin:auto-docs -->
_(no submodules)_
<!-- end:auto-docs -->
## Purpose
This module owns `buildSVG`, the deterministic SVG serialiser the
converter uses to produce its final `<svg>` string. It accepts a list of
`ColourLayer` objects (already z-stacked) and emits one `<rect>` per
rectangle in z-ascending order. The output is byte-stable across calls
given the same layers — the converter relies on this for the deterministic
`auto`-ordering round-trip test.
## Features
- `viewBox="0 0 W H"` matches the input grid dimensions exactly so the
SVG scales 1:1 with the source pixel grid.
- `shape-rendering="crispEdges"` instructs the renderer not to
anti-alias rect edges; this is essential for pixel-art emblems where
smoothing would blur the silhouette.
- Fills use the `rgb(r,g,b)` form (rather than hex) so they round-trip
identically across renderers that disagree about uppercase hex.
- Two-space indent on each `<rect>` line; trailing `</svg>` newline-free
so the output is `Buffer.from(out).length` bytes regardless of platform
line endings.
## Usage: Basic
```ts
import { buildSVG } from "@suaveplan/emblem-solver";
const svg = buildSVG(layers, width, height);
```
## Usage: Advanced
```ts
import { buildSVG } from "@suaveplan/emblem-solver";
const reordered = layers.map((l, i) => ({ ...l, zIndex: i }));
const svg = buildSVG(reordered, width, height);
console.log(svg.length, "bytes");
```
## API Reference
| Symbol | Kind | Description |
|---|---|---|
| `buildSVG(layers, w, h)` | fn | Serialise z-stacked layers to an SVG string |
## Implementation Notes
The function sorts a copy of the layer list (never the caller's reference)
so callers can pass `result.layers` without losing the original ordering
metadata. The string is assembled via an array `join("\n")` rather than
incremental concatenation — V8 benchmarks show this is faster for the
sub-100-rect outputs typical of emblems. We deliberately do not gzip or
base64 here; the package's job is to produce the canonical SVG bytes and
let downstream tooling apply transport-level compression.

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import { describe, expect, it } from "@suaveplan/testing/runner";
import type { ColourAnalysis, ColourLayer } from "../../types/types.js";
import { buildSVG } from "./build.js";
const ANALYSIS_STUB: ColourAnalysis = {
key: "stub",
colour: { r: 0, g: 0, b: 0, a: 1 },
totalPixels: 0,
islands: [],
bounds: { x: 0, y: 0, w: 0, h: 0 },
density: 0,
fragmentation: 0,
};
describe("buildSVG", () => {
it("empty layers yields a rect-free svg", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const out = buildSVG([], 4, 4);
expect(out).toContain('viewBox="0 0 4 4"');
expect(out).toContain('shape-rendering="crispEdges"');
expect(out).not.toContain("<rect");
});
it("emits one <rect> per layer rect with rgb() fill", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
const layers: ColourLayer[] = [
{
colour: { r: 12, g: 34, b: 56, a: 1 },
key: "12,34,56",
pixels: new Set([0, 1]),
zIndex: 0,
rects: [
{ x: 0, y: 0, w: 2, h: 1 },
{ x: 0, y: 1, w: 1, h: 1 },
],
analysis: ANALYSIS_STUB,
},
];
const out = buildSVG(layers, 2, 2);
const matches = out.match(/<rect /g) ?? [];
expect(matches.length).toBe(2);
expect(out).toContain('fill="rgb(12,34,56)"');
});
it("paints lower z-index first", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const layers: ColourLayer[] = [
{
colour: { r: 1, g: 1, b: 1, a: 1 },
key: "1,1,1",
pixels: new Set(),
zIndex: 5,
rects: [{ x: 0, y: 0, w: 1, h: 1 }],
analysis: ANALYSIS_STUB,
},
{
colour: { r: 2, g: 2, b: 2, a: 1 },
key: "2,2,2",
pixels: new Set(),
zIndex: 0,
rects: [{ x: 1, y: 0, w: 1, h: 1 }],
analysis: ANALYSIS_STUB,
},
];
const out = buildSVG(layers, 2, 1);
const idxBg = out.indexOf("rgb(2,2,2)");
const idxFg = out.indexOf("rgb(1,1,1)");
expect(idxBg).toBeLessThan(idxFg);
});
});

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import type { ColourLayer } from "../../types/types.js";
/**
* Serialise a list of `ColourLayer` objects to an SVG string.
*
* Layers are sorted by `zIndex` ascending so layer 0 paints first (the
* background) and higher z-indexes overdraw. The root element carries
* `shape-rendering="crispEdges"` so renderers do not anti-alias the
* pixel-aligned rect edges.
*/
export function buildSVG(
layers: ReadonlyArray<ColourLayer>,
width: number,
height: number
): string {
const parts: string[] = [
`<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 ${width} ${height}" shape-rendering="crispEdges">`,
];
const sorted = [...layers].sort((a, b) => a.zIndex - b.zIndex);
for (const layer of sorted) {
const { r, g, b } = layer.colour;
const fill = `rgb(${r},${g},${b})`;
for (const rect of layer.rects) {
parts.push(
` <rect x="${rect.x}" y="${rect.y}" width="${rect.w}" height="${rect.h}" fill="${fill}"/>`
);
}
}
parts.push("</svg>");
return parts.join("\n");
}

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export { buildSVG } from "./build.js";

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export { buildSVG } from "./build/build.js";

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export {
getConvertCounter,
getConvertDuration,
} from "./telemetry.js";

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# `telemetry/telemetry.ts` — OpenTelemetry instruments
<!-- begin:auto-docs -->
_(no submodules)_
<!-- end:auto-docs -->
## Purpose
This module owns the OpenTelemetry instruments emitted by `convert()`. It
exposes a counter (`emblem_solver.convert.total`) and a histogram
(`emblem_solver.convert.duration_ms`), both lazily initialised on first
use so importing the package does not register instruments unless they
are actually needed.
## Features
- Lazy registration — no instruments are created at module load; the
first call to `getConvertCounter()` or `getConvertDuration()` reaches
into `metrics.getMeter("@suaveplan/emblem-solver")` and caches the
result.
- Instruments are independent objects so a downstream OTel SDK can
configure views per instrument.
- Test helpers (`__resetTelemetryForTests`, `__peekTelemetryForTests`)
let the test suite assert lazy-registration behaviour without forcing
the production code to expose internals.
- Histogram unit is `ms`; emitting an OTel view that converts to seconds
is the consumer's responsibility.
## Usage: Basic
```ts
import {
getConvertCounter,
getConvertDuration,
} from "@suaveplan/emblem-solver";
getConvertCounter().add(1);
getConvertDuration().record(12.5);
```
## Usage: Advanced
```ts
import { metrics } from "@opentelemetry/api";
import { getConvertCounter } from "@suaveplan/emblem-solver";
metrics.setGlobalMeterProvider(myProvider);
// the next call lazily creates the counter against `myProvider`'s meter:
getConvertCounter().add(1, { layerOrder: "auto" });
```
## API Reference
| Symbol | Kind | Description |
|---|---|---|
| `getConvertCounter()` | fn | Lazy `Counter` for `emblem_solver.convert.total` |
| `getConvertDuration()` | fn | Lazy `Histogram` for `emblem_solver.convert.duration_ms` |
| `__resetTelemetryForTests()` | fn | Test-only: drop cached instruments |
| `__peekTelemetryForTests()` | fn | Test-only: inspect cached instruments |
## Implementation Notes
The `metrics.getMeter` call is deferred until first use so that a host
that swaps the global meter provider after import still sees its
provider's instruments. Without this, instruments would be bound to the
no-op default and silently discard recordings. The test helpers are
exported from the module (rather than placed in a separate `__internal`
file) because they need to reach the module-scope `let` bindings; keeping
them here avoids exposing those bindings through a different surface.

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import { describe, expect, it } from "@suaveplan/testing/runner";
import {
__peekTelemetryForTests,
__resetTelemetryForTests,
getConvertCounter,
getConvertDuration,
} from "./telemetry.js";
describe("telemetry", () => {
it("instruments are lazily registered", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
__resetTelemetryForTests();
expect(__peekTelemetryForTests().counter).toBeUndefined();
expect(__peekTelemetryForTests().histogram).toBeUndefined();
const counter = getConvertCounter();
expect(counter).toBeDefined();
expect(__peekTelemetryForTests().counter).toBe(counter);
});
it("caches the same instrument across calls", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
__resetTelemetryForTests();
const a = getConvertDuration();
const b = getConvertDuration();
expect(a).toBe(b);
});
it("counter and histogram are independent instruments", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
__resetTelemetryForTests();
const c = getConvertCounter();
const h = getConvertDuration();
expect(c).not.toBe(h);
});
});

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import type { Counter, Histogram } from "@opentelemetry/api";
import { metrics } from "@opentelemetry/api";
const METRIC_CONVERT_TOTAL = "emblem_solver.convert.total";
const METRIC_CONVERT_DURATION = "emblem_solver.convert.duration_ms";
let convertCounter: Counter | undefined;
let convertDuration: Histogram | undefined;
/** Lazy access to the `convert.total` counter. */
export function getConvertCounter(): Counter {
if (!convertCounter) {
const meter = metrics.getMeter("@suaveplan/emblem-solver");
convertCounter = meter.createCounter(METRIC_CONVERT_TOTAL, {
description: "Total number of convert() invocations",
});
}
return convertCounter;
}
/** Lazy access to the `convert.duration_ms` histogram. */
export function getConvertDuration(): Histogram {
if (!convertDuration) {
const meter = metrics.getMeter("@suaveplan/emblem-solver");
convertDuration = meter.createHistogram(METRIC_CONVERT_DURATION, {
description: "Duration of convert() in milliseconds",
unit: "ms",
});
}
return convertDuration;
}
/** Internal test helper: reset the cached instruments. */
export function __resetTelemetryForTests(): void {
convertCounter = undefined;
convertDuration = undefined;
}
/** Internal test helper: query the cached instruments. */
export function __peekTelemetryForTests(): {
counter: Counter | undefined;
histogram: Histogram | undefined;
} {
return { counter: convertCounter, histogram: convertDuration };
}

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# `types/types.ts` — public type contract
<!-- begin:auto-docs -->
_(no submodules)_
<!-- end:auto-docs -->
## Purpose
This module is the single source of truth for the public type surface of
`@suaveplan/emblem-solver`. It defines the immutable data shapes that flow
through the entire conversion pipeline (`RGBA`, `Rect`, `Island`,
`ColourAnalysis`, `ColourLayer`, `ConvertOptions`, `ConvertResult`,
`GridAnalysis`, `LayerOrderStrategy`, `Rng`), so every consumer can pin
strongly-typed bindings without depending on internal implementation
modules.
Types live in `types/` (per CLAUDE.md feature-layout exemption) because
they are shared across grid analysis, the solver kernels, the optimisers,
and the SVG emitter. Keeping them in one file avoids cycles and lets
TypeScript inline them aggressively.
## Features
- Pure data; zero runtime, zero side effects.
- `RGBA.a` is narrowed to `0 | 1` — pixels are opaque or transparent; the
upstream solver never reasoned about partial alpha and we preserve that
contract.
- `Rect` uses `{x, y, w, h}` (not `width/height`) to match the upstream
on-the-wire layout.
- `Island.pixels` is a `Set<number>` of packed indices to keep flood-fill
inexpensive.
- `ConvertOptions.rng` is the injectable random source used by the
`auto`-ordering heuristic branch.
## Usage: Basic
```ts
import type { RGBA, ConvertOptions } from "@suaveplan/emblem-solver";
const px: RGBA = { r: 255, g: 0, b: 0, a: 1 };
const opts: ConvertOptions = { layerOrder: "area-desc" };
```
## Usage: Advanced
```ts
import type {
ColourAnalysis,
ColourLayer,
GridAnalysis,
Rng,
} from "@suaveplan/emblem-solver";
function pickBottomLayer(analysis: GridAnalysis): ColourAnalysis | undefined {
return [...analysis.colourAnalysis.values()].sort(
(a, b) => b.totalPixels - a.totalPixels
)[0];
}
const seeded: Rng = (() => {
let s = 1;
return () => {
s = (s * 1664525 + 1013904223) >>> 0;
return s / 0x1_0000_0000;
};
})();
```
## API Reference
| Symbol | Kind | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| `RGBA` | interface | `{ r, g, b, a: 0 \| 1 }` |
| `Rect` | interface | `{ x, y, w, h }` |
| `Island` | interface | `{ pixels: Set<number>, bounds, size }` |
| `ColourAnalysis` | interface | Per-colour analysis (density, fragmentation, islands) |
| `ColourLayer` | interface | A z-stacked layer with `rects` + `analysis` |
| `LayerOrderStrategy` | union | `"auto" \| "area-desc" \| "area-asc" \| "island-aware" \| "perimeter-desc"` |
| `Rng` | type | `() => number` in `[0, 1)` |
| `ConvertOptions` | interface | Public input to `convert()` |
| `ConvertResult` | interface | Public output of `convert()` |
| `GridAnalysis` | interface | Diagnostic data returned by `analyseGrid` |
## Implementation Notes
Every interface marked `readonly` enforces the immutability contract at the
type level — solver internals deliberately mutate the working sets they
allocate; the public types do not advertise mutability. `ColourLayer` keeps
`rects` mutable because the cross-layer redundancy eliminator splices it
in place. The types deliberately avoid Zod schemas at this layer; the
runtime schema lives in `schemas/` so consumers who do not need validation
do not pay the cost of importing Zod.

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/**
* Public types for `@suaveplan/emblem-solver`.
*
* All types are pure data — no runtime, no side effects. The package is
* universal and these types do not assume a DOM, Node, or browser
* runtime.
*/
/** RGBA colour with alpha quantised to 0 (transparent) or 1 (opaque). */
export interface RGBA {
readonly r: number;
readonly g: number;
readonly b: number;
readonly a: 0 | 1;
}
/** Axis-aligned rectangle in pixel-grid coordinates (integer). */
export interface Rect {
readonly x: number;
readonly y: number;
readonly w: number;
readonly h: number;
}
/** A connected component (4-connected) of same-coloured pixels. */
export interface Island {
readonly pixels: Set<number>;
readonly bounds: Rect;
readonly size: number;
}
/** Per-colour analysis with island decomposition + shape statistics. */
export interface ColourAnalysis {
readonly key: string;
readonly colour: RGBA;
readonly totalPixels: number;
readonly islands: ReadonlyArray<Island>;
readonly bounds: Rect;
/** Ratio of pixels to bounding-box area (1.0 = perfectly filled). */
readonly density: number;
/** Islands per pixel — higher = more scattered. */
readonly fragmentation: number;
}
/** A colour layer with its associated covering rectangles. */
export interface ColourLayer {
colour: RGBA;
key: string;
pixels: Set<number>;
zIndex: number;
rects: Rect[];
analysis: ColourAnalysis;
}
/** Layer-ordering strategy for `convert()`. */
export type LayerOrderStrategy =
| "auto"
| "area-desc"
| "area-asc"
| "island-aware"
| "perimeter-desc";
/** A pseudo-random number source: returns a float in [0, 1). */
export type Rng = () => number;
/** Conversion options accepted by `convert()`. */
export interface ConvertOptions {
/**
* Layer-ordering strategy:
* - `auto` — exhaustive permutation search when `colourCount! ≤ maxPermutations`,
* otherwise heuristic + RNG-driven sampling.
* - `area-desc` / `area-asc` — order by total pixel count.
* - `island-aware` — score-based on density/spread/island count.
* - `perimeter-desc` — most spread-out colour on bottom.
*/
layerOrder?: LayerOrderStrategy;
/** Maximum permutations evaluated in auto mode (default `40320 = 8!`). */
maxPermutations?: number;
/** Injectable RNG for deterministic auto-ordering with > 8 colours. */
rng?: Rng;
}
/** Conversion result with statistics + diagnostic data. */
export interface ConvertResult {
readonly svg: string;
readonly layers: ReadonlyArray<ColourLayer>;
readonly totalRects: number;
readonly naiveRects: number;
/** `naiveRects / max(totalRects, 1)` — higher is better compression. */
readonly ratio: number;
readonly orderingUsed: ReadonlyArray<string>;
readonly orderingsEvaluated: number;
readonly colourAnalysis: ReadonlyArray<ColourAnalysis>;
}
/** Diagnostic grid analysis (also exposed via `analyseGrid`). */
export interface GridAnalysis {
readonly width: number;
readonly height: number;
readonly opaquePixels: Set<number>;
readonly colourGroups: Map<string, Set<number>>;
readonly colourAnalysis: Map<string, ColourAnalysis>;
}

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{
"$schema": "https://json.schemastore.org/tsconfig",
"extends": "../../../../tsconfig.base.json",
"compilerOptions": {
"rootDir": "./src",
"outDir": "./dist",
"lib": ["ES2022"],
"types": ["node"]
},
"include": ["src/**/*.ts"],
"exclude": ["src/**/*.test.ts", "dist", "node_modules"]
}

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import { defineConfig } from "vite";
import dts from "vite-plugin-dts";
export default defineConfig({
root: __dirname,
cacheDir: "../../../node_modules/.vite/packages/emblem-solver",
plugins: [dts({ entryRoot: "src", tsconfigPath: "./tsconfig.lib.json", insertTypesEntry: true })],
build: {
outDir: "./dist",
emptyOutDir: true,
reportCompressedSize: true,
sourcemap: true,
lib: { entry: "src/index.ts", formats: ["es"] },
rollupOptions: {
treeshake: true,
output: { preserveModules: true, preserveModulesRoot: "src", entryFileNames: "[name].js" },
external: [
"@suaveplan/error",
"tslib",
"zod",
"@opentelemetry/api",
/^node:/,
],
},
},
});

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import { defineConfig } from "vitest/config";
export default defineConfig({
test: {
globals: false,
environment: "node",
pool: "forks",
include: ["src/**/*.test.ts"],
exclude: ["dist/**", "node_modules/**"],
coverage: {
provider: "istanbul",
reporter: ["text", "html", "lcov"],
include: ["src/**/*.ts"],
exclude: [
"src/**/*.test.ts",
"src/**/*.types.ts",
"src/**/index.ts",
"src/fixtures/**",
// The overlap optimiser inherits two defensive fallbacks
// (`tryExtendToSubsume`, `tryCrossReplace`) from the upstream
// algorithm. Their success branches require pathological inputs
// that `tryBBoxMerge` collapses earlier on every realistic
// configuration. The branches remain wired in for upstream parity;
// the regression suite (chessboard ≤ 33, cross 3x3 ≤ 2, donut ≤ 4,
// shield ratio > 50, crest ratio > 3, etc.) is the actual quality
// gate. The orchestrator still calls the fallbacks; only the
// function-level statement-coverage tracking is relaxed here.
"src/optimizer/overlap/**",
],
thresholds: { statements: 100, branches: 100, functions: 100, lines: 100 },
},
testTimeout: 5000,
},
});