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# @suaveplan/jws - RFC 7515 JSON Web Signature (verify + sign). Compact, JSON-flattened, and JSON-general (multi-signature) serializations; HS/RS/PS/ES/EdDSA algorithms; JWK + x5c + kid key resolution; crit allowlist enforcement; detached payload (§A.5); RFC 7797 b64 header support.
## Summary
RFC 7515 **JSON Web Signature** (verify + sign). Pure TypeScript over `Uint8Array` + `DataView` plus the workspace crypto primitives (`@suaveplan/crypto-rsa`, `@suaveplan/crypto-curve`, `@suaveplan/crypto-hash`, `@suaveplan/crypto-utils`) and `@suaveplan/x509` for `x5c` chain validation. Zero browser globals, zero Node built-ins, zero external JOSE/JWT/jws-npm dependencies.
<!-- begin:auto-docs -->
## Documentation tree
- [builtin](./src/algorithms/builtin.md) — Seeds the default `AlgorithmRegistry` with the 13 built-in algorithm implementations required by RFC 7518 §3 and RFC 80…
- [ecdsa](./src/algorithms/ecdsa.md) — RFC 7518 §3.4 ECDSA signing and verification over NIST P-256, P-384, and P-521. The signing input is hashed with the cu…
- [eddsa](./src/algorithms/eddsa.md) — RFC 8037 §3.1 EdDSA over Ed25519. The signing input is signed directly by Ed25519 (no caller-side pre-hash — Ed25519 ha…
- [hmac](./src/algorithms/hmac.md) — RFC 7518 §3.2 HMAC-with-SHA-2 signing and verification. The signing input is HMAC'd with the caller-supplied symmetric…
- [none](./src/algorithms/none.md) — RFC 7518 §3.6 `"none"` algorithm. The `none` value declares "no integrity protection," which is virtually never what a…
- [registry](./src/algorithms/registry.md) — In-package mapping from `alg` identifier to the concrete `AlgorithmImpl` that knows how to verify and (optionally) sign…
- [rsa-pss](./src/algorithms/rsa-pss.md) — RFC 7518 §3.5 RSASSA-PSS signing and verification. The signing input is hashed, EMSA-PSS-encoded with a random salt, an…
- [rsa](./src/algorithms/rsa.md) — RFC 7518 §3.3 RSASSA-PKCS1-v1_5 signing and verification. The signing input is hashed with SHA-256/SHA-384/SHA-512 resp…
- [base64url](./src/base64url/base64url.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_ <!-- end:auto-docs -->
- [base64url](./src/base64url/base64url.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_ <!-- end:auto-docs -->
- [detached](./src/detached/detached.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_ <!-- end:auto-docs -->
- [detached](./src/detached/detached.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_ <!-- end:auto-docs -->
- [errors](./src/errors/error-codes.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_ <!-- end:auto-docs -->
- [error-codes](./src/errors/error-codes.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_ <!-- end:auto-docs -->
- [header](./src/header/header.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_ <!-- end:auto-docs -->
- [b64](./src/header/b64.md) — RFC 7797 §3 implements the `b64` header parameter, allowing JWS producers to embed unencoded payloads directly into the…
- [crit](./src/header/crit.md) — RFC 7515 §4.1.11 enforcement: every entry in `header.crit` MUST be in the caller's `acceptableCriticalHeaders` allowlis…
- [header](./src/header/header.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_ <!-- end:auto-docs -->
- [jwk](./src/keys/jwk.md) — Parse an RFC 7517 §4 / RFC 7518 §6 JSON Web Key into the typed key shape expected by the JWS algorithm impl for the dec…
- [resolver](./src/keys/resolver.md) — Caller-supplied key-resolution function consulted when `header.kid` is present and no key has been supplied via `opts.k…
- [x5c](./src/keys/x5c.md) — Decode an RFC 7515 §4.1.6 `x5c` certificate chain, delegate trust-path validation to `@suaveplan/x509.validateChain`, a…
- [observability](./src/observability/metrics.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_ <!-- end:auto-docs -->
- [metrics](./src/observability/metrics.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_ <!-- end:auto-docs -->
- [schemas](./src/schemas/schemas.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_ <!-- end:auto-docs -->
- [schemas](./src/schemas/schemas.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_ <!-- end:auto-docs -->
- [compact](./src/serialization/compact/compact.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_ <!-- end:auto-docs -->
- [compact](./src/serialization/compact/compact.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_ <!-- end:auto-docs -->
- [flat](./src/serialization/flat/flat.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_ <!-- end:auto-docs -->
- [flat](./src/serialization/flat/flat.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_ <!-- end:auto-docs -->
- [general](./src/serialization/general/general.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_ <!-- end:auto-docs -->
- [general](./src/serialization/general/general.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_ <!-- end:auto-docs -->
- [sign](./src/sign/sign-pipeline.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_ <!-- end:auto-docs -->
- [sign-pipeline](./src/sign/sign-pipeline.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_ <!-- end:auto-docs -->
- [verify](./src/verify/verify-pipeline.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_ <!-- end:auto-docs -->
- [verify-pipeline](./src/verify/verify-pipeline.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_ <!-- end:auto-docs -->
<!-- end:auto-docs --> - [base64url](./src/base64url/base64url.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_- [detached](./src/detached/detached.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_- [detached](./src/detached/detached.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_- [errors](./src/errors/error-codes.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_- [error-codes](./src/errors/error-codes.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_- [header](./src/header/header.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_- [b64](./src/header/b64.md) — RFC 7797 §3 implements the `b64` header parameter, allowing JWS producers to embed unencoded payloads directly into the…
- [crit](./src/header/crit.md) — RFC 7515 §4.1.11 enforcement: every entry in `header.crit` MUST be in the caller's `acceptableCriticalHeaders` allowlis…
- [header](./src/header/header.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_- [jwk](./src/keys/jwk.md) — Parse an RFC 7517 §4 / RFC 7518 §6 JSON Web Key into the typed key shape expected by the JWS algorithm impl for the dec…
- [resolver](./src/keys/resolver.md) — Caller-supplied key-resolution function consulted when `header.kid` is present and no key has been supplied via `opts.k…
- [x5c](./src/keys/x5c.md) — Decode an RFC 7515 §4.1.6 `x5c` certificate chain, delegate trust-path validation to `@suaveplan/x509.validateChain`, a…
- [observability](./src/observability/metrics.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_- [metrics](./src/observability/metrics.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_- [schemas](./src/schemas/schemas.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_- [schemas](./src/schemas/schemas.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_- [compact](./src/serialization/compact/compact.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_- [compact](./src/serialization/compact/compact.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_- [flat](./src/serialization/flat/flat.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_- [flat](./src/serialization/flat/flat.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_- [general](./src/serialization/general/general.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_- [general](./src/serialization/general/general.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_- [sign](./src/sign/sign-pipeline.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_- [sign-pipeline](./src/sign/sign-pipeline.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_- [verify](./src/verify/verify-pipeline.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_- [verify-pipeline](./src/verify/verify-pipeline.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_- [base64url](./src/base64url/base64url.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_- [detached](./src/detached/detached.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_- [detached](./src/detached/detached.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_- [errors](./src/errors/error-codes.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_- [error-codes](./src/errors/error-codes.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_- [header](./src/header/header.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_- [b64](./src/header/b64.md) — RFC 7797 §3 implements the `b64` header parameter, allowing JWS producers to embed unencoded payloads directly into the…
- [crit](./src/header/crit.md) — RFC 7515 §4.1.11 enforcement: every entry in `header.crit` MUST be in the caller's `acceptableCriticalHeaders` allowlis…
- [header](./src/header/header.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_- [jwk](./src/keys/jwk.md) — Parse an RFC 7517 §4 / RFC 7518 §6 JSON Web Key into the typed key shape expected by the JWS algorithm impl for the dec…
- [resolver](./src/keys/resolver.md) — Caller-supplied key-resolution function consulted when `header.kid` is present and no key has been supplied via `opts.k…
- [x5c](./src/keys/x5c.md) — Decode an RFC 7515 §4.1.6 `x5c` certificate chain, delegate trust-path validation to `@suaveplan/x509.validateChain`, a…
- [observability](./src/observability/metrics.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_- [metrics](./src/observability/metrics.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_- [schemas](./src/schemas/schemas.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_- [schemas](./src/schemas/schemas.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_- [compact](./src/serialization/compact/compact.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_- [compact](./src/serialization/compact/compact.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_- [flat](./src/serialization/flat/flat.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_- [flat](./src/serialization/flat/flat.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_- [general](./src/serialization/general/general.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_- [general](./src/serialization/general/general.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_- [sign](./src/sign/sign-pipeline.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_- [sign-pipeline](./src/sign/sign-pipeline.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_- [verify](./src/verify/verify-pipeline.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_- [verify-pipeline](./src/verify/verify-pipeline.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_- [base64url](./src/base64url/base64url.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_- [detached](./src/detached/detached.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_- [detached](./src/detached/detached.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_- [errors](./src/errors/error-codes.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_- [error-codes](./src/errors/error-codes.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_- [header](./src/header/header.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_- [b64](./src/header/b64.md) — RFC 7797 §3 implements the `b64` header parameter, allowing JWS producers to embed unencoded payloads directly into the…
- [crit](./src/header/crit.md) — RFC 7515 §4.1.11 enforcement: every entry in `header.crit` MUST be in the caller's `acceptableCriticalHeaders` allowlis…
- [header](./src/header/header.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_- [jwk](./src/keys/jwk.md) — Parse an RFC 7517 §4 / RFC 7518 §6 JSON Web Key into the typed key shape expected by the JWS algorithm impl for the dec…
- [resolver](./src/keys/resolver.md) — Caller-supplied key-resolution function consulted when `header.kid` is present and no key has been supplied via `opts.k…
- [x5c](./src/keys/x5c.md) — Decode an RFC 7515 §4.1.6 `x5c` certificate chain, delegate trust-path validation to `@suaveplan/x509.validateChain`, a…
- [observability](./src/observability/metrics.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_- [metrics](./src/observability/metrics.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_- [schemas](./src/schemas/schemas.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_- [schemas](./src/schemas/schemas.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_- [compact](./src/serialization/compact/compact.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_- [compact](./src/serialization/compact/compact.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_- [flat](./src/serialization/flat/flat.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_- [flat](./src/serialization/flat/flat.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_- [general](./src/serialization/general/general.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_- [general](./src/serialization/general/general.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_- [sign](./src/sign/sign-pipeline.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_- [sign-pipeline](./src/sign/sign-pipeline.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_- [verify](./src/verify/verify-pipeline.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_- [verify-pipeline](./src/verify/verify-pipeline.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_- [base64url](./src/base64url/base64url.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_- [detached](./src/detached/detached.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_ - [detached](./src/detached/detached.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_- [errors](./src/errors/error-codes.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_ - [error-codes](./src/errors/error-codes.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_- [header](./src/header/header.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_ - [b64](./src/header/b64.md) — RFC 7797 §3 implements the `b64` header parameter, allowing JWS producers to embed unencoded payloads directly into the…
- [crit](./src/header/crit.md) — RFC 7515 §4.1.11 enforcement: every entry in `header.crit` MUST be in the caller's `acceptableCriticalHeaders` allowlis…
- [header](./src/header/header.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_- [jwk](./src/keys/jwk.md) — Parse an RFC 7517 §4 / RFC 7518 §6 JSON Web Key into the typed key shape expected by the JWS algorithm impl for the dec…
- [resolver](./src/keys/resolver.md) — Caller-supplied key-resolution function consulted when `header.kid` is present and no key has been supplied via `opts.k…
- [x5c](./src/keys/x5c.md) — Decode an RFC 7515 §4.1.6 `x5c` certificate chain, delegate trust-path validation to `@suaveplan/x509.validateChain`, a…
- [observability](./src/observability/metrics.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_ - [metrics](./src/observability/metrics.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_- [schemas](./src/schemas/schemas.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_ - [schemas](./src/schemas/schemas.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_- [compact](./src/serialization/compact/compact.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_ - [compact](./src/serialization/compact/compact.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_- [flat](./src/serialization/flat/flat.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_ - [flat](./src/serialization/flat/flat.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_- [general](./src/serialization/general/general.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_ - [general](./src/serialization/general/general.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_- [sign](./src/sign/sign-pipeline.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_ - [sign-pipeline](./src/sign/sign-pipeline.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_- [verify](./src/verify/verify-pipeline.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_ - [verify-pipeline](./src/verify/verify-pipeline.md) — <!-- begin:auto-docs --> _(no submodules)_
## Install
```sh
bun add @suaveplan/jws
```
## Quick start
```ts
import { compactSign, compactVerify } from "@suaveplan/jws";
const secret = new TextEncoder().encode("a-shared-32-byte-secret-pls-rotate");
const token = await compactSign("hello", secret, "HS256");
const result = await compactVerify(token, secret, { algorithms: ["HS256"] });
// result.payloadString === "hello"
```
## Capabilities
| Feature | Status |
| -------------------------------- | ----------------------------------- |
| RFC 7515 §3.1 compact form | ✓ |
| RFC 7515 §7.2.2 JSON-flattened | ✓ |
| RFC 7515 §7.2.1 JSON-general | ✓ (multi-signature) |
| RFC 7515 §A.5 detached payload | ✓ |
| RFC 7797 `b64: false` header | ✓ |
| HS256 / HS384 / HS512 | ✓ (constant-time tag compare) |
| RS256 / RS384 / RS512 | ✓ (`@suaveplan/crypto-rsa`) |
| PS256 / PS384 / PS512 | ✓ (hash-length salt) |
| ES256 / ES384 / ES512 | ✓ (`@suaveplan/crypto-curve`; DER rejected) |
| EdDSA (Ed25519) | ✓ (RFC 8037) |
| `alg: "none"` | ✓ (dual-flag opt-in only) |
| Embedded `jwk` header | ✓ (`allowEmbeddedJwk: true`) |
| Embedded `x5c` chain | ✓ (`@suaveplan/x509.validateChain`) |
| `kid` resolver | ✓ (caller-supplied async fn) |
| `crit` allowlist | ✓ |
| AbortSignal end-to-end | ✓ |
| Zod boundary at every entry | ✓ |
| OpenTelemetry histograms+counters| ✓ |
## Security defaults
- **Algorithm allowlist is mandatory at verify time.** There is no default — callers MUST pass `opts.algorithms`. Tokens whose `alg` is not on the list are rejected before any cryptography runs (defence against the JWT "alg confusion" CVE class).
- **`alg: "none"` requires dual-flag opt-in.** Both `algorithms: ["none"]` AND `acceptNone: true` are required.
- **`crit` parameters must be allowlisted.** Per RFC 7515 §4.1.11.
- **ECDSA signatures must be fixed-length `R||S`.** DER-encoded signatures in the JOSE position throw `JWS.SIG_FORMAT_INVALID`.
- **HMAC tag comparison is constant-time.** Via `@suaveplan/crypto-utils.constantTimeEqual`.
- **PSS salt length is fixed at the hash output length.** Per RFC 7518 §3.5.
## Modules
| Module | Doc |
| --- | --- |
| `base64url` | [`src/base64url/base64url.md`](src/base64url/base64url.md) |
| Compact serialization | [`src/serialization/compact/compact.md`](src/serialization/compact/compact.md) |
| Flat serialization | [`src/serialization/flat/flat.md`](src/serialization/flat/flat.md) |
| General serialization | [`src/serialization/general/general.md`](src/serialization/general/general.md) |
| Detached payload | [`src/detached/detached.md`](src/detached/detached.md) |
| Header parse / serialize | [`src/header/header.md`](src/header/header.md) |
| `crit` enforcement | [`src/header/crit.md`](src/header/crit.md) |
| RFC 7797 `b64` | [`src/header/b64.md`](src/header/b64.md) |
| Algorithm registry | [`src/algorithms/registry.md`](src/algorithms/registry.md) |
| Built-in seeding | [`src/algorithms/builtin.md`](src/algorithms/builtin.md) |
| HMAC (HS256/384/512) | [`src/algorithms/hmac.md`](src/algorithms/hmac.md) |
| RSA-PKCS1-v1\_5 (RS\*) | [`src/algorithms/rsa.md`](src/algorithms/rsa.md) |
| RSA-PSS (PS\*) | [`src/algorithms/rsa-pss.md`](src/algorithms/rsa-pss.md) |
| ECDSA (ES\*) | [`src/algorithms/ecdsa.md`](src/algorithms/ecdsa.md) |
| EdDSA (Ed25519) | [`src/algorithms/eddsa.md`](src/algorithms/eddsa.md) |
| `alg: "none"` | [`src/algorithms/none.md`](src/algorithms/none.md) |
| JWK → key | [`src/keys/jwk.md`](src/keys/jwk.md) |
| `x5c` chain | [`src/keys/x5c.md`](src/keys/x5c.md) |
| `KeyResolver` | [`src/keys/resolver.md`](src/keys/resolver.md) |
| Verify pipeline | [`src/verify/verify-pipeline.md`](src/verify/verify-pipeline.md) |
| Sign pipeline | [`src/sign/sign-pipeline.md`](src/sign/sign-pipeline.md) |
| Error registry | [`src/errors/error-codes.md`](src/errors/error-codes.md) |
| Schemas | [`src/schemas/schemas.md`](src/schemas/schemas.md) |
| Metrics | [`src/observability/metrics.md`](src/observability/metrics.md) |
## License
MIT.

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{
"name": "@suaveplan/jws",
"version": "0.1.0",
"type": "module",
"sideEffects": false,
"description": "RFC 7515 JSON Web Signature (verify + sign). Compact, JSON-flattened, and JSON-general (multi-signature) serializations; HS/RS/PS/ES/EdDSA algorithms; JWK + x5c + kid key resolution; crit allowlist enforcement; detached payload (§A.5); RFC 7797 b64 header support.",
"license": "MIT",
"author": "Suaveplan Team",
"main": "./dist/index.js",
"module": "./dist/index.js",
"types": "./dist/index.d.ts",
"exports": {
"./package.json": "./package.json",
".": {
"import": { "types": "./dist/index.d.ts", "default": "./dist/index.js" },
"require": { "types": "./dist/index.d.ts", "default": "./dist/index.js" }
},
"./serialization/compact": {
"import": { "types": "./dist/serialization/compact/index.d.ts", "default": "./dist/serialization/compact/index.js" },
"require": { "types": "./dist/serialization/compact/index.d.ts", "default": "./dist/serialization/compact/index.js" }
},
"./serialization/flat": {
"import": { "types": "./dist/serialization/flat/index.d.ts", "default": "./dist/serialization/flat/index.js" },
"require": { "types": "./dist/serialization/flat/index.d.ts", "default": "./dist/serialization/flat/index.js" }
},
"./serialization/general": {
"import": { "types": "./dist/serialization/general/index.d.ts", "default": "./dist/serialization/general/index.js" },
"require": { "types": "./dist/serialization/general/index.d.ts", "default": "./dist/serialization/general/index.js" }
},
"./header": {
"import": { "types": "./dist/header/index.d.ts", "default": "./dist/header/index.js" },
"require": { "types": "./dist/header/index.d.ts", "default": "./dist/header/index.js" }
},
"./algorithms": {
"import": { "types": "./dist/algorithms/index.d.ts", "default": "./dist/algorithms/index.js" },
"require": { "types": "./dist/algorithms/index.d.ts", "default": "./dist/algorithms/index.js" }
},
"./keys": {
"import": { "types": "./dist/keys/index.d.ts", "default": "./dist/keys/index.js" },
"require": { "types": "./dist/keys/index.d.ts", "default": "./dist/keys/index.js" }
},
"./detached": {
"import": { "types": "./dist/detached/index.d.ts", "default": "./dist/detached/index.js" },
"require": { "types": "./dist/detached/index.d.ts", "default": "./dist/detached/index.js" }
},
"./base64url": {
"import": { "types": "./dist/base64url/index.d.ts", "default": "./dist/base64url/index.js" },
"require": { "types": "./dist/base64url/index.d.ts", "default": "./dist/base64url/index.js" }
},
"./errors": {
"import": { "types": "./dist/errors/index.d.ts", "default": "./dist/errors/index.js" },
"require": { "types": "./dist/errors/index.d.ts", "default": "./dist/errors/index.js" }
}
},
"scripts": {
"build": "vite build",
"test": "vitest run --passWithNoTests",
"test:watch": "vitest",
"test:coverage": "vitest run --coverage --passWithNoTests",
"lint": "bunx biome check src/",
"lint:fix": "bunx biome lint --fix --unsafe --max-diagnostics 500 src/",
"format": "bunx biome format --write --max-diagnostics 500 src/",
"check": "bunx biome check --write --unsafe --max-diagnostics 500 src/",
"typecheck": "bunx tsc --noEmit --composite false -p tsconfig.lib.json",
"docs:check": "bun run ../../../../scripts/docs-check.ts ."
},
"dependencies": {
"@opentelemetry/api": "catalog:observability",
"@suaveplan/crypto-curve": "workspace:^",
"@suaveplan/crypto-hash": "workspace:^",
"@suaveplan/crypto-rsa": "workspace:^",
"@suaveplan/crypto-utils": "workspace:^",
"@suaveplan/error": "workspace:^",
"@suaveplan/types": "workspace:^",
"@suaveplan/x509": "workspace:^",
"tslib": "catalog:build",
"zod": "catalog:forms"
},
"devDependencies": {
"@noble/curves": "catalog:crypto",
"@suaveplan/testing": "workspace:^",
"@types/node": "catalog:",
"@vitest/coverage-istanbul": "catalog:testing",
"typescript": "catalog:",
"vite": "catalog:build",
"vite-plugin-dts": "catalog:build",
"vitest": "catalog:testing"
},
"publishConfig": {
"registry": "https://npmjs.fq.io/",
"access": "public"
},
"files": ["dist", "src", "README.md"]
}

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/**
* Deterministic test keys for the JWS round-trip suites.
*
* - RSA 2048 is generated lazily on first use via Node `generateKeyPairSync`
* and memoised module-level. Generation is ~50 ms in Node so amortised
* across the suite this is negligible. Non-deterministic across processes
* but stable inside a single test run, which is all the round-trip tests
* require.
* - ECDSA (P-256/P-384/P-521) and Ed25519 private keys are fixed
* 32 / 48 / 66 / 32 byte arrays; the same byte pattern produces
* byte-identical public keys via `@suaveplan/crypto-curve`.
* - HMAC keys are fixed byte arrays — symmetric, no key derivation needed.
*
* Every helper exposes the matching JWK form so tests that exercise the
* embedded-JWK code path can use it without re-encoding.
*/
import { generateKeyPairSync } from "node:crypto";
import { p256 as nobleP256 } from "@noble/curves/p256";
import { p384 as nobleP384 } from "@noble/curves/p384";
import { p521 as nobleP521 } from "@noble/curves/p521";
import { ed25519 } from "@suaveplan/crypto-curve";
import {
parseRsaPrivateKeyJwk,
parseRsaPublicKeyJwk,
type RsaPrivateKey,
type RsaPublicKey,
} from "@suaveplan/crypto-rsa";
import { base64urlEncode } from "../base64url/base64url.js";
/* ---------- RSA 2048 ----------------------------------------------------- */
interface NodeRsaJwk {
kty: string;
n: string;
e: string;
d: string;
p: string;
q: string;
dp: string;
dq: string;
qi: string;
}
let rsaCache:
| {
publicKey: RsaPublicKey;
privateKey: RsaPrivateKey;
jwkPublic: { kty: "RSA"; n: string; e: string };
jwkPrivate: NodeRsaJwk;
}
| undefined;
/** Generate (once) and return a deterministic-within-process 2048-bit RSA key. */
export function getRsaTestKey(): {
publicKey: RsaPublicKey;
privateKey: RsaPrivateKey;
jwkPublic: { kty: "RSA"; n: string; e: string };
jwkPrivate: NodeRsaJwk;
} {
if (rsaCache !== undefined) return rsaCache;
const { privateKey: nodePriv } = generateKeyPairSync("rsa", {
modulusLength: 2048,
publicExponent: 65537,
});
const jwk = nodePriv.export({ format: "jwk" }) as unknown as NodeRsaJwk;
const privateKey = parseRsaPrivateKeyJwk({
kty: "RSA",
n: jwk.n,
e: jwk.e,
d: jwk.d,
p: jwk.p,
q: jwk.q,
dp: jwk.dp,
dq: jwk.dq,
qi: jwk.qi,
});
const publicKey = parseRsaPublicKeyJwk({
kty: "RSA",
n: jwk.n,
e: jwk.e,
});
rsaCache = {
publicKey,
privateKey,
jwkPublic: { kty: "RSA", n: jwk.n, e: jwk.e },
jwkPrivate: jwk,
};
return rsaCache;
}
/* ---------- ECDSA P-256 -------------------------------------------------- */
const P256_PRIV = Uint8Array.from([
0x70, 0x83, 0x95, 0xab, 0x2c, 0x46, 0x3d, 0x68, 0xa1, 0x10, 0x4f, 0x37,
0x29, 0xb5, 0xd5, 0x42, 0x0c, 0x18, 0x21, 0x9f, 0xa0, 0x60, 0xff, 0xff,
0x5c, 0x4d, 0x16, 0x97, 0x21, 0x83, 0x9b, 0x55,
]);
function ecKeyFromPub(
pub: Uint8Array,
coordLen: number
): {
x: string;
y: string;
} {
// Expect 0x04 || X || Y uncompressed point.
const x = pub.slice(1, 1 + coordLen);
const y = pub.slice(1 + coordLen, 1 + 2 * coordLen);
return { x: base64urlEncode(x), y: base64urlEncode(y) };
}
export interface EcKey {
readonly privateKey: Uint8Array;
readonly publicKey: Uint8Array;
readonly jwkPublic: { kty: "EC"; crv: string; x: string; y: string };
readonly jwkPrivate: {
kty: "EC";
crv: string;
x: string;
y: string;
d: string;
};
}
let p256Cache: EcKey | undefined;
/** Deterministic P-256 keypair for ES256 tests. */
export function getEcdsaP256TestKey(): EcKey {
if (p256Cache !== undefined) return p256Cache;
const publicKey = nobleP256.getPublicKey(P256_PRIV, false);
const xy = ecKeyFromPub(publicKey, 32);
p256Cache = {
privateKey: P256_PRIV,
publicKey,
jwkPublic: { kty: "EC", crv: "P-256", ...xy },
jwkPrivate: {
kty: "EC",
crv: "P-256",
...xy,
d: base64urlEncode(P256_PRIV),
},
};
return p256Cache;
}
const P384_PRIV = Uint8Array.from(
Array.from({ length: 48 }, (_v, i) => (i * 7 + 3) & 0xff)
);
let p384Cache: EcKey | undefined;
/** Deterministic P-384 keypair for ES384 tests. */
export function getEcdsaP384TestKey(): EcKey {
if (p384Cache !== undefined) return p384Cache;
const publicKey = nobleP384.getPublicKey(P384_PRIV, false);
const xy = ecKeyFromPub(publicKey, 48);
p384Cache = {
privateKey: P384_PRIV,
publicKey,
jwkPublic: { kty: "EC", crv: "P-384", ...xy },
jwkPrivate: {
kty: "EC",
crv: "P-384",
...xy,
d: base64urlEncode(P384_PRIV),
},
};
return p384Cache;
}
// P-521 priv key must be in [1, n-1]. n has 521 bits; the top byte must
// be <= 0x01. We use a value with leading zero bytes to stay well in range.
const P521_PRIV = Uint8Array.from([
0x00, 0x01, 0x23, 0x45, 0x67, 0x89, 0xab, 0xcd, 0xef, 0x01, 0x23, 0x45,
0x67, 0x89, 0xab, 0xcd, 0xef, 0x01, 0x23, 0x45, 0x67, 0x89, 0xab, 0xcd,
0xef, 0x01, 0x23, 0x45, 0x67, 0x89, 0xab, 0xcd, 0xef, 0x01, 0x23, 0x45,
0x67, 0x89, 0xab, 0xcd, 0xef, 0x01, 0x23, 0x45, 0x67, 0x89, 0xab, 0xcd,
0xef, 0x01, 0x23, 0x45, 0x67, 0x89, 0xab, 0xcd, 0xef, 0x01, 0x23, 0x45,
0x67, 0x89, 0xab, 0xcd, 0xef, 0x77,
]);
let p521Cache: EcKey | undefined;
/** Deterministic P-521 keypair for ES512 tests. */
export function getEcdsaP521TestKey(): EcKey {
if (p521Cache !== undefined) return p521Cache;
// P-521 requires the private key to be in [1, n-1]; the bytes above
// are well below n so this is fine for tests.
const publicKey = nobleP521.getPublicKey(P521_PRIV, false);
const xy = ecKeyFromPub(publicKey, 66);
p521Cache = {
privateKey: P521_PRIV,
publicKey,
jwkPublic: { kty: "EC", crv: "P-521", ...xy },
jwkPrivate: {
kty: "EC",
crv: "P-521",
...xy,
d: base64urlEncode(P521_PRIV),
},
};
return p521Cache;
}
/* ---------- Ed25519 ------------------------------------------------------ */
const ED25519_PRIV = new Uint8Array(32).fill(0xa5);
export interface OkpKey {
readonly privateKey: Uint8Array;
readonly publicKey: Uint8Array;
readonly jwkPublic: { kty: "OKP"; crv: "Ed25519"; x: string };
readonly jwkPrivate: { kty: "OKP"; crv: "Ed25519"; x: string; d: string };
}
let edCache: OkpKey | undefined;
/** Deterministic Ed25519 keypair for EdDSA tests. */
export function getEd25519TestKey(): OkpKey {
if (edCache !== undefined) return edCache;
const publicKey = ed25519.getPublicKey(ED25519_PRIV);
edCache = {
privateKey: ED25519_PRIV,
publicKey,
jwkPublic: {
kty: "OKP",
crv: "Ed25519",
x: base64urlEncode(publicKey),
},
jwkPrivate: {
kty: "OKP",
crv: "Ed25519",
x: base64urlEncode(publicKey),
d: base64urlEncode(ED25519_PRIV),
},
};
return edCache;
}
/* ---------- HMAC keys ---------------------------------------------------- */
/** 32-byte HMAC test key. */
export function getHmacTestKey(): Uint8Array {
const out = new Uint8Array(32);
for (let i = 0; i < 32; i++) out[i] = (i * 13 + 7) & 0xff;
return out;
}
/** 64-byte HMAC key for HS512 sized to match the hash output. */
export function getHmacHs512TestKey(): Uint8Array {
const out = new Uint8Array(64);
for (let i = 0; i < 64; i++) out[i] = (i * 17 + 3) & 0xff;
return out;
}

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/**
* Self-signed ECDSA-P256 cert whose SPKI publicKey is the UNCOMPRESSED
* (0x04 + X + Y) point form. The x509 fixture chain stores compressed
* points (0x02/0x03 + X) so it doesn't exercise the JWS `x5c` extraction
* uncompressed-return branch. This fixture closes that gap.
*/
import { p256 as nobleP256 } from "@noble/curves/p256";
import { sha256 } from "@suaveplan/crypto-hash";
import { parseCertificate, type X509Certificate } from "@suaveplan/x509";
import {
encodeAsn1,
encodeOid,
encodeTime,
makeConstructed,
makePrimitive,
UNIVERSAL_TAGS,
} from "@suaveplan/x509/asn1";
import { toX5cEntry } from "./x5c-chains.js";
const OID_CN = "2.5.4.3";
const OID_O = "2.5.4.10";
const OID_ECDSA_SHA256 = "1.2.840.10045.4.3.2";
const OID_EC_PUBLIC_KEY = "1.2.840.10045.2.1";
const OID_P256_CURVE = "1.2.840.10045.3.1.7";
const OID_BASIC_CONSTRAINTS = "2.5.29.19";
const OID_KEY_USAGE = "2.5.29.15";
const OID_SUBJECT_KEY_ID = "2.5.29.14";
const OID_EKU = "2.5.29.37";
const OID_EKU_SERVER_AUTH = "1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.1";
const TEXT = new TextEncoder();
function intNode(n: number): ReturnType<typeof makePrimitive> {
if (n === 0)
return makePrimitive(
"universal",
UNIVERSAL_TAGS.INTEGER,
new Uint8Array([0])
);
const bytes: number[] = [];
let v = n;
while (v > 0) {
bytes.unshift(v & 0xff);
v >>>= 8;
}
if ((bytes[0] as number) & 0x80) bytes.unshift(0x00);
return makePrimitive(
"universal",
UNIVERSAL_TAGS.INTEGER,
new Uint8Array(bytes)
);
}
function bigIntNode(b: Uint8Array): ReturnType<typeof makePrimitive> {
if (b.length === 0)
return makePrimitive(
"universal",
UNIVERSAL_TAGS.INTEGER,
new Uint8Array([0])
);
if ((b[0] as number) & 0x80) {
const out = new Uint8Array(b.length + 1);
out.set(b, 1);
return makePrimitive("universal", UNIVERSAL_TAGS.INTEGER, out);
}
return makePrimitive("universal", UNIVERSAL_TAGS.INTEGER, b);
}
function oidNode(d: string): ReturnType<typeof makePrimitive> {
return makePrimitive(
"universal",
UNIVERSAL_TAGS.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER,
encodeOid(d)
);
}
function bitStringNode(bytes: Uint8Array): ReturnType<typeof makePrimitive> {
const out = new Uint8Array(bytes.length + 1);
out[0] = 0x00;
out.set(bytes, 1);
return makePrimitive("universal", UNIVERSAL_TAGS.BIT_STRING, out);
}
function octetStringNode(bytes: Uint8Array): ReturnType<typeof makePrimitive> {
return makePrimitive(
"universal",
UNIVERSAL_TAGS.OCTET_STRING,
new Uint8Array(bytes)
);
}
function boolNode(v: boolean): ReturnType<typeof makePrimitive> {
return makePrimitive(
"universal",
UNIVERSAL_TAGS.BOOLEAN,
new Uint8Array([v ? 0xff : 0x00])
);
}
function printableStringNode(s: string): ReturnType<typeof makePrimitive> {
return makePrimitive(
"universal",
UNIVERSAL_TAGS.PRINTABLE_STRING,
TEXT.encode(s)
);
}
function timeNode(ms: number): ReturnType<typeof makePrimitive> {
const t = encodeTime(ms);
return makePrimitive("universal", t.tagNumber, t.body);
}
function algId(o: string): ReturnType<typeof makeConstructed> {
return makeConstructed("universal", UNIVERSAL_TAGS.SEQUENCE, [oidNode(o)]);
}
function ecPubAlg(): ReturnType<typeof makeConstructed> {
return makeConstructed("universal", UNIVERSAL_TAGS.SEQUENCE, [
oidNode(OID_EC_PUBLIC_KEY),
oidNode(OID_P256_CURVE),
]);
}
function name(cn: string): ReturnType<typeof makeConstructed> {
return makeConstructed("universal", UNIVERSAL_TAGS.SEQUENCE, [
makeConstructed("universal", UNIVERSAL_TAGS.SET, [
makeConstructed("universal", UNIVERSAL_TAGS.SEQUENCE, [
oidNode(OID_O),
printableStringNode("Suaveplan Test"),
]),
]),
makeConstructed("universal", UNIVERSAL_TAGS.SET, [
makeConstructed("universal", UNIVERSAL_TAGS.SEQUENCE, [
oidNode(OID_CN),
printableStringNode(cn),
]),
]),
]);
}
function spkiEcUncompressed(
uncompressedPub: Uint8Array
): ReturnType<typeof makeConstructed> {
return makeConstructed("universal", UNIVERSAL_TAGS.SEQUENCE, [
ecPubAlg(),
bitStringNode(uncompressedPub),
]);
}
function buildExts(ski: Uint8Array): ReturnType<typeof makeConstructed> {
return makeConstructed("universal", UNIVERSAL_TAGS.SEQUENCE, [
makeConstructed("universal", UNIVERSAL_TAGS.SEQUENCE, [
oidNode(OID_BASIC_CONSTRAINTS),
boolNode(true),
octetStringNode(
encodeAsn1(
makeConstructed("universal", UNIVERSAL_TAGS.SEQUENCE, [
boolNode(true),
])
)
),
]),
makeConstructed("universal", UNIVERSAL_TAGS.SEQUENCE, [
oidNode(OID_KEY_USAGE),
boolNode(true),
octetStringNode(
encodeAsn1(
makePrimitive(
"universal",
UNIVERSAL_TAGS.BIT_STRING,
new Uint8Array([0x02, 0x84])
)
)
),
]),
makeConstructed("universal", UNIVERSAL_TAGS.SEQUENCE, [
oidNode(OID_EKU),
octetStringNode(
encodeAsn1(
makeConstructed("universal", UNIVERSAL_TAGS.SEQUENCE, [
oidNode(OID_EKU_SERVER_AUTH),
])
)
),
]),
makeConstructed("universal", UNIVERSAL_TAGS.SEQUENCE, [
oidNode(OID_SUBJECT_KEY_ID),
octetStringNode(encodeAsn1(octetStringNode(ski))),
]),
]);
}
const NB = Date.UTC(2024, 0, 1);
const NA = Date.UTC(2030, 0, 1);
const EC_PRIV = new Uint8Array(32).fill(0x42);
let cache:
| {
leafCert: X509Certificate;
x5c: readonly string[];
trustAnchors: readonly X509Certificate[];
}
| undefined;
/**
* Build a self-signed ES256 cert whose SPKI publicKey is uncompressed
* (0x04 || X || Y). Used to exercise the JWS `x5c` extractor's
* uncompressed-return branch.
*/
export function ecUncompressedSelfSignedFixture(): {
leafCert: X509Certificate;
x5c: readonly string[];
trustAnchors: readonly X509Certificate[];
} {
if (cache !== undefined) return cache;
const uncompressedPub = nobleP256.getPublicKey(EC_PRIV, false);
const ski = sha256(uncompressedPub);
const tbs = makeConstructed("universal", UNIVERSAL_TAGS.SEQUENCE, [
makeConstructed("context", 0, [intNode(2)]),
intNode(42),
algId(OID_ECDSA_SHA256),
name("EC Test Root (uncompressed)"),
makeConstructed("universal", UNIVERSAL_TAGS.SEQUENCE, [
timeNode(NB),
timeNode(NA),
]),
name("EC Test Root (uncompressed)"),
spkiEcUncompressed(uncompressedPub),
makeConstructed("context", 3, [buildExts(ski)]),
]);
const tbsBytes = encodeAsn1(tbs);
const digest = sha256(tbsBytes);
const compact = nobleP256.sign(digest, EC_PRIV).toBytes("compact");
const r = compact.subarray(0, 32);
const s = compact.subarray(32, 64);
const sigDer = encodeAsn1(
makeConstructed("universal", UNIVERSAL_TAGS.SEQUENCE, [
bigIntNode(r),
bigIntNode(s),
])
);
const cert = makeConstructed("universal", UNIVERSAL_TAGS.SEQUENCE, [
tbs,
algId(OID_ECDSA_SHA256),
bitStringNode(sigDer),
]);
const der = encodeAsn1(cert);
const parsed = parseCertificate(der);
cache = {
leafCert: parsed,
x5c: [toX5cEntry(parsed)],
trustAnchors: [parsed],
};
return cache;
}

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/**
* RFC 7515 Appendix A test vectors — verbatim from the published RFC.
*
* Every encoded segment below is copy-pasted from the appendix; the
* fixtures intentionally do NOT recompute them so any drift in
* `@suaveplan/jws`'s encoder / decoder surfaces as a vector mismatch.
*
* Sources:
* - A.1 (HS256 compact) https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7515#appendix-A.1
* - A.2 (RS256 compact) https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7515#appendix-A.2
* - A.3 (ES256 compact) https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7515#appendix-A.3
* - A.4 (ES512 compact) https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7515#appendix-A.4
* - A.5 (unsecured / none) https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7515#appendix-A.5
* - A.6 (JSON general) https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7515#appendix-A.6
* - A.7 (JSON flattened) https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7515#appendix-A.7
*/
import { base64urlDecode } from "../base64url/base64url.js";
/* ---------- A.1 HS256 ----------------------------------------------------- */
/**
* RFC 7515 §A.1.1 — protected header octets (decoded from the appendix's
* `Encoded Protected Header`). 38 bytes including the `\r\n` whitespace.
*/
export const A1_HEADER_OCTETS: readonly number[] = [
123, 34, 116, 121, 112, 34, 58, 34, 74, 87, 84, 34, 44, 13, 10, 32, 34, 97,
108, 103, 34, 58, 34, 72, 83, 50, 53, 54, 34, 125,
];
/** RFC 7515 §A.1.1 — payload octets (decoded `JWS Payload`). */
export const A1_PAYLOAD_OCTETS: readonly number[] = [
123, 34, 105, 115, 115, 34, 58, 34, 106, 111, 101, 34, 44, 13, 10, 32, 34,
101, 120, 112, 34, 58, 49, 51, 48, 48, 56, 49, 57, 51, 56, 48, 44, 13, 10,
32, 34, 104, 116, 116, 112, 58, 47, 47, 101, 120, 97, 109, 112, 108, 101,
46, 99, 111, 109, 47, 105, 115, 95, 114, 111, 111, 116, 34, 58, 116, 114,
117, 101, 125,
];
export const A1_ENCODED_HEADER = "eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLA0KICJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9";
export const A1_ENCODED_PAYLOAD =
"eyJpc3MiOiJqb2UiLA0KICJleHAiOjEzMDA4MTkzODAsDQogImh0dHA6Ly9leGFtcGxlLmNvbS9pc19yb290Ijp0cnVlfQ";
export const A1_SIGNATURE_B64URL =
"dBjftJeZ4CVP-mB92K27uhbUJU1p1r_wW1gFWFOEjXk";
export const A1_JWK_K =
"AyM1SysPpbyDfgZld3umj1qzKObwVMkoqQ-EstJQLr_T-1qS0gZH75aKtMN3Yj0iPS4hcgUuTwjAzZr1Z9CAow";
export const A1_TOKEN = `${A1_ENCODED_HEADER}.${A1_ENCODED_PAYLOAD}.${A1_SIGNATURE_B64URL}`;
/** Decoded HMAC key bytes (64 bytes for HS256 per the RFC example). */
export function a1HmacKey(): Uint8Array {
return base64urlDecode(A1_JWK_K);
}
/* ---------- A.2 RS256 ----------------------------------------------------- */
/** RFC 7515 §A.2.1 — encoded protected header. */
export const A2_ENCODED_HEADER = "eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiJ9";
/**
* RFC 7515 §A.2.1 — encoded payload (same plaintext as A.1: an iss/exp/is_root
* JSON object).
*/
export const A2_ENCODED_PAYLOAD = A1_ENCODED_PAYLOAD;
export const A2_SIGNATURE_B64URL =
"cC4hiUPoj9Eetdgtv3hF80EGrhuB__dzERat0XF9g2VtQgr9PJbu3XOiZj5RZmh7AAuHIm4Bh-0Qc_lF5YKt_O8W2Fp5jujGbds9uJdbF9CUAr7t1dnZcAcQjbKBYNX4BAynRFdiuB--f_nZLgrnbyTyWzO75vRK5h6xBArLIARNPvkSjtQBMHlb1L07Qe7K0GarZRmB_eSN9383LcOLn6_dO--xi12jzDwusC-eOkHWEsqtFZESc6BfI7noOPqvhJ1phCnvWh6IeYI2w9QOYEUipUTI8np6LbgGY9Fs98rqVt5AXLIhWkWywlVmtVrBp0igcN_IoypGlUPQGe77Rw";
/** RFC 7515 §A.2.1 — public-modulus JWK `n` (base64url). */
export const A2_JWK_N =
"ofgWCuLjybRlzo0tZWJjNiuSfb4p4fAkd_wWJcyQoTbji9k0l8W26mPddxHmfHQp-Vaw-4qPCJrcS2mJPMEzP1Pt0Bm4d4QlL-yRT-SFd2lZS-pCgNMsD1W_YpRPEwOWvG6b32690r2jZ47soMZo9wGzjb_7OMg0LOL-bSf63kpaSHSXndS5z5rexMdbBYUsLA9e-KXBdQOS-UTo7WTBEMa2R2CapHg665xsmtdVMTBQY4uDZlxvb3qCo5ZwKh9kG4LT6_I5IhlJH7aGhyxXFvUK-DWNmoudF8NAco9_h9iaGNj8q2ethFkMLs91kzk2PAcDTW9gb54h4FRWyuXpoQ";
/** RFC 7515 §A.2.1 — public-exponent JWK `e`. */
export const A2_JWK_E = "AQAB";
/** RFC 7515 §A.2.1 — private-key components `d`, `p`, `q`, `dp`, `dq`, `qi`. */
export const A2_JWK_D =
"Eq5xpGnNCivDflJsRQBXHx1hdR1k6Ulwe2JZD50LpXyWPEAeP88vLNO97IjlA7_GQ5sLKMgvfTeXZx9SE-7YwVol2NXOoAJe46sui395IW_GO-pWJ1O0BkTGoVEn2bKVRUCgu-GjBVaYLU6f3l9kJfFNS3E0QbVdxzubSu3Mkqzjkn439X0M_V51gfpRLI9JYanrC4D4qAdGcopV_0ZHHzQlBjudU2QvXt4ehNYTCBr6XCLQUShb1juUO1ZdiYoFaFQT5Tw8bGUl_x_jTj3ccPDVZFD9pIuhLhBOneufuBiB4cS98l2SR_RQyGWSeWjnczT0QU91p1DhOVRuOopznQ";
export const A2_JWK_P =
"4BzEEOtIpmVdVEZNCqS7baC4crd0pqnRH_5IB3jw3bcxGn6QLvnEtfdUdiYrqBdss1l58BQ3KhooKeQTa9AB0Hw_Py5PJdTJNPY8cQn7ouZ2KKDcmnPGBY5t7yLc1QlQ5xHdwW1VhvKn-nXqhJTBgIPgtldC-KDV5z-y2XDwGUc";
export const A2_JWK_Q =
"uQPEfgmVtjL0Uyyx88GZFF1fOunH3-7cepKmtH4pxhtCoHqpWmT8YAmZxaewHgHAjLYsp1ZSe7zFYHj7C6ul7TjeLQeZD_YwD66t62wDmpe_HlB-TnBA-njbglfIsRLtXlnDzQkv5dTltRJ11BKBBypeeF6689rjcJIDEz9RWdc";
export const A2_JWK_DP =
"BwKfV3Akq5_MFZDFZCnW-wzl-CCo83WoZvnLQwCTeDv8uzluRSnm71I3QCLdhrqE2e9YkxvuxdBfpT_PI7Yz-FOKnu1NCFwH7CYJp5b3F2tGqIyM34hVUjkdMTjqXBHIM0CqryStgYJZBLPGz1RTPJyq5p36nA-mP7Atv5y4XfM";
export const A2_JWK_DQ =
"h_96-mK1R_7glhsum81dZxjTnYynPbZpHziZjeeHcXYsXaaMwkOlODsWa7I9xXDoRwbKgB719rrmI2oKr6N3Do9U0ajaHF-NKJnwgjMd2w9cjz3_-kyNlxAr2v4IKhGNpmM5iIgOS1VZnOZ68m6_pbLBSp3nssTdlqvd0tIiTHU";
export const A2_JWK_QI =
"IYd7DHOhrWvxkwPQsRM2tOgrjbcrfvtQJipd-DlcxyVuuM9sQLdgjVk2oy26F0EmpScGLq2MowX7fhd_QJQ3ydy5cY7YIBi87w93IKLEdfnbJtoOPLUW0ITrJReOgo1cq9SbsxYawBgfp_gh6A5603k2-ZQwVK0JKSHuLFkuQ3U";
export const A2_TOKEN = `${A2_ENCODED_HEADER}.${A2_ENCODED_PAYLOAD}.${A2_SIGNATURE_B64URL}`;
/* ---------- A.3 ES256 ----------------------------------------------------- */
export const A3_ENCODED_HEADER = "eyJhbGciOiJFUzI1NiJ9";
export const A3_ENCODED_PAYLOAD = A1_ENCODED_PAYLOAD;
/** RFC 7515 §A.3.1 — ES256 signature (raw R||S, 64 bytes). */
export const A3_SIGNATURE_B64URL =
"DtEhU3ljbEg8L38VWAfUAqOyKAM6-Xx-F4GawxaepmXFCgfTjDxw5djxLa8ISlSApmWQxfKTUJqPP3-Kg6NU1Q";
/** RFC 7515 §A.3.1 — JWK fields for the P-256 public key. */
export const A3_JWK_X = "f83OJ3D2xF1Bg8vub9tLe1gHMzV76e8Tus9uPHvRVEU";
export const A3_JWK_Y = "x_FEzRu9m36HLN_tue659LNpXW6pCyStikYjKIWI5a0";
export const A3_JWK_D = "jpsQnnGQmL-YBIffH1136cspYG6-0iY7X1fCE9-E9LI";
export const A3_TOKEN = `${A3_ENCODED_HEADER}.${A3_ENCODED_PAYLOAD}.${A3_SIGNATURE_B64URL}`;
/* ---------- A.4 ES512 ----------------------------------------------------- */
export const A4_ENCODED_HEADER = "eyJhbGciOiJFUzUxMiJ9";
/** RFC 7515 §A.4.1 — payload `Payload` (single ASCII string "Payload"). */
export const A4_ENCODED_PAYLOAD = "UGF5bG9hZA";
/** RFC 7515 §A.4.1 — ES512 signature (raw R||S, 132 bytes for P-521). */
export const A4_SIGNATURE_B64URL =
"AdwMgeerwtHoh-l192l60hp9wAHZFVJbLfD_UxMi70cwnZOYaRI1bKPWROc-mZZqwqT2SI-KGDKB34XO0aw_7XdtAG8GaSwFKdCAPZgoXD2YBJZCPEX3xKpRwcdOO8KpEHwJjyqOgzDO7iKvU8vcnwNrmxYbSW9ERBXukOXolLzeO_Jn";
/** RFC 7515 §A.4.1 — P-521 JWK fields. */
export const A4_JWK_X =
"AekpBQ8ST8a8VcfVOTNl353vSrDCLLJXmPk06wTjxrrjcBpXp5EOnYG_NjFZ6OvLFV1jSfS9tsz4qUxcWceqwQGk";
export const A4_JWK_Y =
"ADSmRA43Z1DSNx_RvcLI87cdL07l6jQyyBXMoxVg_l2Th-x3S1WDhjDly79ajL4Kkd0AZMaZmh9ubmf63e3kyMj2";
export const A4_JWK_D =
"AY5pb7A0UFiB3RELSD64fTLOSV_jazdF7fLYyuTw8lOfRhWg6Y6rUrPAxerEzgdRhajnu0ferB0d53vM9mE15j2C";
export const A4_TOKEN = `${A4_ENCODED_HEADER}.${A4_ENCODED_PAYLOAD}.${A4_SIGNATURE_B64URL}`;
/* ---------- A.5 detached / unsecured ------------------------------------- */
/**
* RFC 7515 §A.5 — the appendix presents an "unsecured" (alg: "none") example
* token. The package rejects `none` by default; the same token shape is
* used here to exercise the detached-form decode path (empty middle
* segment is allowed by `compactDecode`).
*/
export const A5_ENCODED_HEADER = "eyJhbGciOiJub25lIn0";
export const A5_ENCODED_PAYLOAD = A1_ENCODED_PAYLOAD;
export const A5_TOKEN_UNSECURED = `${A5_ENCODED_HEADER}.${A5_ENCODED_PAYLOAD}.`;
/* ---------- A.6 JSON general (multi-signature) ---------------------------- */
/**
* RFC 7515 §A.6 — two-signature general JSON serialization. The first
* signature is RS256 (using A.2's RSA key); the second is ES256 (using
* A.3's P-256 key). Per the appendix the payload is the SAME shared
* `eyJpc3M…` payload from A.1.
*/
export const A6_PAYLOAD = A1_ENCODED_PAYLOAD;
export const A6_SIG0_PROTECTED = A2_ENCODED_HEADER; // RS256
export const A6_SIG0_HEADER = { kid: "2010-12-29" };
export const A6_SIG0_SIGNATURE = A2_SIGNATURE_B64URL;
export const A6_SIG1_PROTECTED = A3_ENCODED_HEADER; // ES256
export const A6_SIG1_HEADER = { kid: "e9bc097a-ce51-4036-9562-d2ade882db0d" };
export const A6_SIG1_SIGNATURE = A3_SIGNATURE_B64URL;
/* ---------- A.7 JSON flattened ------------------------------------------- */
/**
* RFC 7515 §A.7 — flattened JSON serialization wrapping the A.6 signature[1]
* (ES256). The appendix omits `protected`/`header` from the JWS object and
* places them at the top level.
*/
export const A7_PAYLOAD = A1_ENCODED_PAYLOAD;
export const A7_PROTECTED = A3_ENCODED_HEADER;
export const A7_HEADER = { kid: "e9bc097a-ce51-4036-9562-d2ade882db0d" };
export const A7_SIGNATURE = A3_SIGNATURE_B64URL;
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/** Decoded header octet array → Uint8Array (so tests can compare byte-for-byte). */
export function octetsToBytes(octets: readonly number[]): Uint8Array {
return new Uint8Array(octets);
}

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/**
* RSA cert-chain fixture for the `x5c` RSA branch.
*
* `@suaveplan/x509`'s `build-certs.ts` ships only ed25519 and ecdsa-p256
* builders, so this file constructs a self-signed RSA-SHA256 leaf chain
* directly via the public `@suaveplan/x509/asn1` helpers and
* `@suaveplan/crypto-rsa.rsaSignPkcs1v15`. The chain is a single-cert
* root (root === leaf, self-signed) — enough to exercise the
* `extractX5cLeafKey` RSA SPKI parse path in tests.
*/
import { sha256 } from "@suaveplan/crypto-hash";
import { rsaSignPkcs1v15 } from "@suaveplan/crypto-rsa";
import { parseCertificate, type X509Certificate } from "@suaveplan/x509";
import {
encodeAsn1,
encodeOid,
encodeTime,
makeConstructed,
makePrimitive,
UNIVERSAL_TAGS,
} from "@suaveplan/x509/asn1";
import { getRsaTestKey } from "./deterministic-keys.js";
import { toX5cEntry } from "./x5c-chains.js";
const OID_CN = "2.5.4.3";
const OID_O = "2.5.4.10";
const OID_RSA_SHA256 = "1.2.840.113549.1.1.11";
const OID_RSA_ENCRYPTION = "1.2.840.113549.1.1.1";
const OID_BASIC_CONSTRAINTS = "2.5.29.19";
const OID_KEY_USAGE = "2.5.29.15";
const OID_SUBJECT_KEY_ID = "2.5.29.14";
const OID_EKU = "2.5.29.37";
const OID_EKU_SERVER_AUTH = "1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.1";
const TEXT = new TextEncoder();
function intNode(n: number): ReturnType<typeof makePrimitive> {
if (n === 0)
return makePrimitive(
"universal",
UNIVERSAL_TAGS.INTEGER,
new Uint8Array([0])
);
const bytes: number[] = [];
let v = n;
while (v > 0) {
bytes.unshift(v & 0xff);
v >>>= 8;
}
if ((bytes[0] as number) & 0x80) bytes.unshift(0x00);
return makePrimitive(
"universal",
UNIVERSAL_TAGS.INTEGER,
new Uint8Array(bytes)
);
}
function bigIntNode(b: Uint8Array): ReturnType<typeof makePrimitive> {
if (b.length === 0)
return makePrimitive(
"universal",
UNIVERSAL_TAGS.INTEGER,
new Uint8Array([0])
);
if ((b[0] as number) & 0x80) {
const out = new Uint8Array(b.length + 1);
out.set(b, 1);
return makePrimitive("universal", UNIVERSAL_TAGS.INTEGER, out);
}
return makePrimitive("universal", UNIVERSAL_TAGS.INTEGER, b);
}
function bigintToBytes(n: bigint): Uint8Array {
if (n === 0n) return new Uint8Array([0]);
const bytes: number[] = [];
let v = n;
while (v > 0n) {
bytes.unshift(Number(v & 0xffn));
v >>= 8n;
}
return new Uint8Array(bytes);
}
function oidNode(dotted: string): ReturnType<typeof makePrimitive> {
return makePrimitive(
"universal",
UNIVERSAL_TAGS.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER,
encodeOid(dotted)
);
}
function nullNode(): ReturnType<typeof makePrimitive> {
return makePrimitive("universal", UNIVERSAL_TAGS.NULL, new Uint8Array());
}
function bitStringNode(bytes: Uint8Array): ReturnType<typeof makePrimitive> {
const out = new Uint8Array(bytes.length + 1);
out[0] = 0x00;
out.set(bytes, 1);
return makePrimitive("universal", UNIVERSAL_TAGS.BIT_STRING, out);
}
function octetStringNode(bytes: Uint8Array): ReturnType<typeof makePrimitive> {
return makePrimitive(
"universal",
UNIVERSAL_TAGS.OCTET_STRING,
new Uint8Array(bytes)
);
}
function boolNode(v: boolean): ReturnType<typeof makePrimitive> {
return makePrimitive(
"universal",
UNIVERSAL_TAGS.BOOLEAN,
new Uint8Array([v ? 0xff : 0x00])
);
}
function printableStringNode(s: string): ReturnType<typeof makePrimitive> {
return makePrimitive(
"universal",
UNIVERSAL_TAGS.PRINTABLE_STRING,
TEXT.encode(s)
);
}
function timeNode(ms: number): ReturnType<typeof makePrimitive> {
const t = encodeTime(ms);
return makePrimitive("universal", t.tagNumber, t.body);
}
function algId(
oid: string,
withNull = false
): ReturnType<typeof makeConstructed> {
return makeConstructed(
"universal",
UNIVERSAL_TAGS.SEQUENCE,
withNull ? [oidNode(oid), nullNode()] : [oidNode(oid)]
);
}
function name(cn: string): ReturnType<typeof makeConstructed> {
return makeConstructed("universal", UNIVERSAL_TAGS.SEQUENCE, [
makeConstructed("universal", UNIVERSAL_TAGS.SET, [
makeConstructed("universal", UNIVERSAL_TAGS.SEQUENCE, [
oidNode(OID_O),
printableStringNode("Suaveplan Test"),
]),
]),
makeConstructed("universal", UNIVERSAL_TAGS.SET, [
makeConstructed("universal", UNIVERSAL_TAGS.SEQUENCE, [
oidNode(OID_CN),
printableStringNode(cn),
]),
]),
]);
}
function spkiRsa(n: bigint, e: bigint): ReturnType<typeof makeConstructed> {
const rsaKey = makeConstructed("universal", UNIVERSAL_TAGS.SEQUENCE, [
bigIntNode(bigintToBytes(n)),
bigIntNode(bigintToBytes(e)),
]);
return makeConstructed("universal", UNIVERSAL_TAGS.SEQUENCE, [
algId(OID_RSA_ENCRYPTION, true),
bitStringNode(encodeAsn1(rsaKey)),
]);
}
function buildExtensions(ski: Uint8Array): ReturnType<typeof makeConstructed> {
return makeConstructed("universal", UNIVERSAL_TAGS.SEQUENCE, [
// basicConstraints: isCa=true (self-signed root acts as CA)
makeConstructed("universal", UNIVERSAL_TAGS.SEQUENCE, [
oidNode(OID_BASIC_CONSTRAINTS),
boolNode(true),
octetStringNode(
encodeAsn1(
makeConstructed("universal", UNIVERSAL_TAGS.SEQUENCE, [
boolNode(true),
])
)
),
]),
// keyUsage: digitalSignature + keyCertSign (bits 0, 5)
makeConstructed("universal", UNIVERSAL_TAGS.SEQUENCE, [
oidNode(OID_KEY_USAGE),
boolNode(true),
octetStringNode(
encodeAsn1(
makePrimitive(
"universal",
UNIVERSAL_TAGS.BIT_STRING,
// unused-bits=2, byte 0b10000100 = bit0+bit5 set
new Uint8Array([0x02, 0x84])
)
)
),
]),
// EKU server-auth
makeConstructed("universal", UNIVERSAL_TAGS.SEQUENCE, [
oidNode(OID_EKU),
octetStringNode(
encodeAsn1(
makeConstructed("universal", UNIVERSAL_TAGS.SEQUENCE, [
oidNode(OID_EKU_SERVER_AUTH),
])
)
),
]),
// SKI
makeConstructed("universal", UNIVERSAL_TAGS.SEQUENCE, [
oidNode(OID_SUBJECT_KEY_ID),
octetStringNode(encodeAsn1(octetStringNode(ski))),
]),
]);
}
const NB = Date.UTC(2024, 0, 1);
const NA = Date.UTC(2030, 0, 1);
let cache:
| {
leafCert: X509Certificate;
rootCert: X509Certificate;
x5c: readonly string[];
trustAnchors: readonly X509Certificate[];
}
| undefined;
/**
* Build a self-signed RSA-SHA256 cert (root == leaf) and return the
* matching `x5c`-array + trust-anchor set so JWS tests can drive the
* `extractX5cLeafKey` RSA branch.
*
* Self-signed-only chain — full multi-cert hierarchies would require
* porting the full x509 build-certs scaffolding into jws which has no
* additional test value beyond what the EC chains already cover.
*/
export function rsaSelfSignedFixture(): {
leafCert: X509Certificate;
rootCert: X509Certificate;
x5c: readonly string[];
trustAnchors: readonly X509Certificate[];
} {
if (cache !== undefined) return cache;
const { publicKey, privateKey } = getRsaTestKey();
const skiPub = encodeAsn1(spkiRsa(publicKey.n, publicKey.e));
const ski = sha256(skiPub);
const tbs = makeConstructed("universal", UNIVERSAL_TAGS.SEQUENCE, [
makeConstructed("context", 0, [intNode(2)]), // version v3
intNode(31),
algId(OID_RSA_SHA256, true),
name("RSA Test Root"),
makeConstructed("universal", UNIVERSAL_TAGS.SEQUENCE, [
timeNode(NB),
timeNode(NA),
]),
name("RSA Test Root"),
spkiRsa(publicKey.n, publicKey.e),
makeConstructed("context", 3, [buildExtensions(ski)]),
]);
const tbsBytes = encodeAsn1(tbs);
const sig = rsaSignPkcs1v15(privateKey, tbsBytes, { hash: "SHA-256" });
const cert = makeConstructed("universal", UNIVERSAL_TAGS.SEQUENCE, [
tbs,
algId(OID_RSA_SHA256, true),
bitStringNode(sig),
]);
const der = encodeAsn1(cert);
const parsed = parseCertificate(der);
cache = {
leafCert: parsed,
rootCert: parsed,
x5c: [toX5cEntry(parsed)],
trustAnchors: [parsed],
};
return cache;
}

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/**
* RSA-OID cert whose SPKI publicKey bitstring decodes to a too-short
* modulus — used to exercise the JWS `extractX5cLeafKey` RSA parse-failure
* branch.
*/
import { rsaSignPkcs1v15 } from "@suaveplan/crypto-rsa";
import { parseCertificate, type X509Certificate } from "@suaveplan/x509";
import {
encodeAsn1,
encodeOid,
encodeTime,
makeConstructed,
makePrimitive,
UNIVERSAL_TAGS,
} from "@suaveplan/x509/asn1";
import { getRsaTestKey } from "./deterministic-keys.js";
import { toX5cEntry } from "./x5c-chains.js";
const OID_CN = "2.5.4.3";
const OID_O = "2.5.4.10";
const OID_RSA_SHA256 = "1.2.840.113549.1.1.11";
const OID_RSA_ENCRYPTION = "1.2.840.113549.1.1.1";
const TEXT = new TextEncoder();
function intNode(n: number): ReturnType<typeof makePrimitive> {
if (n === 0)
return makePrimitive(
"universal",
UNIVERSAL_TAGS.INTEGER,
new Uint8Array([0])
);
const bytes: number[] = [];
let v = n;
while (v > 0) {
bytes.unshift(v & 0xff);
v >>>= 8;
}
if ((bytes[0] as number) & 0x80) bytes.unshift(0x00);
return makePrimitive(
"universal",
UNIVERSAL_TAGS.INTEGER,
new Uint8Array(bytes)
);
}
function _bigIntNode(b: Uint8Array): ReturnType<typeof makePrimitive> {
if (b.length === 0)
return makePrimitive(
"universal",
UNIVERSAL_TAGS.INTEGER,
new Uint8Array([0])
);
if ((b[0] as number) & 0x80) {
const out = new Uint8Array(b.length + 1);
out.set(b, 1);
return makePrimitive("universal", UNIVERSAL_TAGS.INTEGER, out);
}
return makePrimitive("universal", UNIVERSAL_TAGS.INTEGER, b);
}
function oidNode(d: string): ReturnType<typeof makePrimitive> {
return makePrimitive(
"universal",
UNIVERSAL_TAGS.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER,
encodeOid(d)
);
}
function nullNode(): ReturnType<typeof makePrimitive> {
return makePrimitive("universal", UNIVERSAL_TAGS.NULL, new Uint8Array());
}
function bitStringNode(bytes: Uint8Array): ReturnType<typeof makePrimitive> {
const out = new Uint8Array(bytes.length + 1);
out[0] = 0x00;
out.set(bytes, 1);
return makePrimitive("universal", UNIVERSAL_TAGS.BIT_STRING, out);
}
function printableStringNode(s: string): ReturnType<typeof makePrimitive> {
return makePrimitive(
"universal",
UNIVERSAL_TAGS.PRINTABLE_STRING,
TEXT.encode(s)
);
}
function timeNode(ms: number): ReturnType<typeof makePrimitive> {
const t = encodeTime(ms);
return makePrimitive("universal", t.tagNumber, t.body);
}
function algId(o: string): ReturnType<typeof makeConstructed> {
return makeConstructed("universal", UNIVERSAL_TAGS.SEQUENCE, [
oidNode(o),
nullNode(),
]);
}
function name(cn: string): ReturnType<typeof makeConstructed> {
return makeConstructed("universal", UNIVERSAL_TAGS.SEQUENCE, [
makeConstructed("universal", UNIVERSAL_TAGS.SET, [
makeConstructed("universal", UNIVERSAL_TAGS.SEQUENCE, [
oidNode(OID_O),
printableStringNode("Suaveplan Test"),
]),
]),
makeConstructed("universal", UNIVERSAL_TAGS.SET, [
makeConstructed("universal", UNIVERSAL_TAGS.SEQUENCE, [
oidNode(OID_CN),
printableStringNode(cn),
]),
]),
]);
}
function spkiRsaMalformed(): ReturnType<typeof makeConstructed> {
// Replace the RSAPublicKey inner ASN.1 SEQUENCE bytes with garbage
// so `parseRsaPublicKey` cannot decode and throws CryptoRsaError.
return makeConstructed("universal", UNIVERSAL_TAGS.SEQUENCE, [
algId(OID_RSA_ENCRYPTION),
bitStringNode(new Uint8Array([0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff])),
]);
}
const NB = Date.UTC(2024, 0, 1);
const NA = Date.UTC(2030, 0, 1);
let cache:
| {
leafCert: X509Certificate;
x5c: readonly string[];
trustAnchors: readonly X509Certificate[];
}
| undefined;
/**
* Build a self-signed cert advertising the RSA-encryption OID but
* carrying a too-short RSA modulus. The cert itself is signed with the
* normal RSA test key so chain validation can succeed; the inner SPKI
* parse failure surfaces only when `extractX5cLeafKey` tries to use the
* leaf for verify.
*/
export function rsaMalformedSpkiFixture(): {
leafCert: X509Certificate;
x5c: readonly string[];
trustAnchors: readonly X509Certificate[];
} {
if (cache !== undefined) return cache;
const { privateKey } = getRsaTestKey();
const tbs = makeConstructed("universal", UNIVERSAL_TAGS.SEQUENCE, [
makeConstructed("context", 0, [intNode(2)]),
intNode(99),
algId(OID_RSA_SHA256),
name("RSA Malformed Test"),
makeConstructed("universal", UNIVERSAL_TAGS.SEQUENCE, [
timeNode(NB),
timeNode(NA),
]),
name("RSA Malformed Test"),
spkiRsaMalformed(),
]);
const tbsBytes = encodeAsn1(tbs);
const sig = rsaSignPkcs1v15(privateKey, tbsBytes, { hash: "SHA-256" });
const cert = makeConstructed("universal", UNIVERSAL_TAGS.SEQUENCE, [
tbs,
algId(OID_RSA_SHA256),
bitStringNode(sig),
]);
const der = encodeAsn1(cert);
const parsed = parseCertificate(der);
cache = {
leafCert: parsed,
x5c: [toX5cEntry(parsed)],
trustAnchors: [parsed],
};
return cache;
}

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/**
* X.509 certificate-chain fixtures for the `x5c` header-parameter tests.
*
* Re-exports `buildEd25519Chain` / `buildEcdsaP256Chain` from the
* `@suaveplan/x509` package's fixture builder via a workspace-relative
* source-path import. The leaf private keys are mirrored here so JWS
* round-trip tests can sign a token with the leaf and present the chain
* via `header.x5c`.
*
* These keys are arbitrary test constants — they MUST NOT be reused
* outside this fixture file.
*/
import { ed25519, p256 } from "@suaveplan/crypto-curve";
import type { X509Certificate } from "@suaveplan/x509";
import { parseCertificate } from "@suaveplan/x509";
import {
encodeAsn1,
encodeOid,
makeConstructed,
makePrimitive,
UNIVERSAL_TAGS,
} from "@suaveplan/x509/asn1";
import {
type BuiltChain,
buildEcdsaP256Chain,
buildEd25519Chain,
} from "../../../x509/src/__fixtures__/build-certs.js";
/** Ed25519 leaf private key matching `buildEd25519Chain()`'s leaf cert. */
export const ED25519_LEAF_PRIV = new Uint8Array(32).fill(0x33);
/** ECDSA P-256 leaf private key matching `buildEcdsaP256Chain()`'s leaf cert. */
export const ECDSA_P256_LEAF_PRIV = new Uint8Array(32).fill(0x66);
/**
* Encode a parsed X.509 cert as base64-standard for the `x5c` array
* entry. RFC 7515 §4.1.6 mandates the standard alphabet (NOT base64url)
* for `x5c` entries.
*/
export function toX5cEntry(cert: X509Certificate): string {
const der = cert.raw;
let binary = "";
for (let i = 0; i < der.length; i++) {
binary += String.fromCharCode(der[i] as number);
}
return btoa(binary);
}
/** Build a 3-cert Ed25519 chain + return both DER and `x5c`-encoded forms. */
export interface JwsChainFixture {
readonly chain: BuiltChain;
readonly x5c: readonly string[];
readonly trustAnchors: readonly X509Certificate[];
}
let edCache: JwsChainFixture | undefined;
let ecCache: JwsChainFixture | undefined;
export function ed25519ChainFixture(): JwsChainFixture {
if (edCache !== undefined) return edCache;
const chain = buildEd25519Chain();
const x5c: string[] = [toX5cEntry(chain.leafCert)];
if (chain.intermediateCert !== undefined) {
x5c.push(toX5cEntry(chain.intermediateCert));
}
x5c.push(toX5cEntry(chain.rootCert));
edCache = { chain, x5c, trustAnchors: [chain.rootCert] };
return edCache;
}
export function ecdsaP256ChainFixture(): JwsChainFixture {
if (ecCache !== undefined) return ecCache;
const chain = buildEcdsaP256Chain();
const x5c: string[] = [toX5cEntry(chain.leafCert)];
if (chain.intermediateCert !== undefined) {
x5c.push(toX5cEntry(chain.intermediateCert));
}
x5c.push(toX5cEntry(chain.rootCert));
ecCache = { chain, x5c, trustAnchors: [chain.rootCert] };
return ecCache;
}
/** Sign a signing-input with the Ed25519 leaf key for the EdDSA chain fixture. */
export function signWithEd25519Leaf(signingInput: Uint8Array): Uint8Array {
return ed25519.sign(signingInput, ED25519_LEAF_PRIV);
}
/** Sign a digest with the P-256 leaf key for the ES256 chain fixture. */
export function signWithEcdsaP256Leaf(digest: Uint8Array): Uint8Array {
return p256.sign(digest, ECDSA_P256_LEAF_PRIV);
}
/* Re-export the ASN.1 helpers so test files don't need to import x509 again. */
export {
encodeAsn1,
encodeOid,
makeConstructed,
makePrimitive,
parseCertificate,
UNIVERSAL_TAGS,
};

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# Built-in algorithm seeding
## Purpose
Seeds the default `AlgorithmRegistry` with the 13 built-in algorithm implementations required by RFC 7518 §3 and RFC 8037: `HS256`/`HS384`/`HS512`, `RS256`/`RS384`/`RS512`, `PS256`/`PS384`/`PS512`, `ES256`/`ES384`/`ES512`, `EdDSA`, plus the dual-flag-opt-in `none`. The seeding runs once at module load via a side-effect import from both `algorithms/index.ts` and the package root `index.ts`, so the registry is always populated before any verify or sign call. Idempotent via a module-scoped boolean — safe to call multiple times if a test reload cycles the module graph.
## Features
- Seeds 14 algorithms total (13 RFC-mandated + `none`).
- Idempotent: `seedBuiltinAlgorithms()` is a no-op after the first call.
- Side-effect import from `algorithms/index.ts` and `src/index.ts`.
## Usage: Basic Example
```ts
import { defaultRegistry, seedBuiltinAlgorithms } from "@suaveplan/jws";
// Already seeded by the side-effect import — these are introspection-only:
defaultRegistry.algorithms();
// ["HS256", "HS384", "HS512", "RS256", "RS384", "RS512",
// "PS256", "PS384", "PS512", "ES256", "ES384", "ES512", "EdDSA", "none"]
```
## Usage: Advanced Example
```ts
import { AlgorithmRegistry, seedBuiltinAlgorithms } from "@suaveplan/jws";
// Build an isolated registry for an integration test, seeded identically to
// the default. (Useful when you want to register additional experimental
// algorithms without polluting the global registry.)
const isolated = new AlgorithmRegistry();
// Manually re-register the built-ins:
// (Note: `seedBuiltinAlgorithms` seeds the *default* registry, not an arbitrary
// one; tests needing isolation use `defaultRegistry` directly or build the
// isolated registry up from named imports of `hs256` / `rs256` / etc.)
seedBuiltinAlgorithms(); // idempotent no-op if already seeded
```
## API Reference
- `seedBuiltinAlgorithms(): void` — idempotent; seeds the package-shared `defaultRegistry`.
## Implementation Notes
The side-effect import `import "./builtin.js"` at the top of `algorithms/index.ts` AND `src/index.ts` is load-bearing — without it, the first `compactVerify` call would throw `JWS.ALG_UNSUPPORTED` because the registry would be empty. The dual-import is defence in depth: any consumer importing from either the package root or the `./algorithms` subpath triggers seeding. The implementation guards against double-registration via the idempotency flag rather than via the registry's own duplicate-rejection logic — that way a `seedBuiltinAlgorithms()` call from a test after a registry reset doesn't throw.

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import { es256, es384, es512 } from "./ecdsa.js";
import { eddsa } from "./eddsa.js";
import { hs256, hs384, hs512 } from "./hmac.js";
import { none } from "./none.js";
import { defaultRegistry } from "./registry.js";
import { rs256, rs384, rs512 } from "./rsa.js";
import { ps256, ps384, ps512 } from "./rsa-pss.js";
let seeded = false;
/**
* Seed the default registry with the 13 built-in algorithm
* implementations. Idempotent: safe to call multiple times. The
* side-effect import from `./index.js` invokes it at module-load time.
*/
export function seedBuiltinAlgorithms(): void {
if (seeded) return;
seeded = true;
defaultRegistry.register("HS256", hs256);
defaultRegistry.register("HS384", hs384);
defaultRegistry.register("HS512", hs512);
defaultRegistry.register("RS256", rs256);
defaultRegistry.register("RS384", rs384);
defaultRegistry.register("RS512", rs512);
defaultRegistry.register("PS256", ps256);
defaultRegistry.register("PS384", ps384);
defaultRegistry.register("PS512", ps512);
defaultRegistry.register("ES256", es256);
defaultRegistry.register("ES384", es384);
defaultRegistry.register("ES512", es512);
defaultRegistry.register("EdDSA", eddsa);
defaultRegistry.register("none", none);
}
seedBuiltinAlgorithms();

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# ECDSA algorithms (`ES256` / `ES384` / `ES512`)
## Purpose
RFC 7518 §3.4 ECDSA signing and verification over NIST P-256, P-384, and P-521. The signing input is hashed with the curve-matched SHA-2 variant, signed via `@suaveplan/crypto-curve`'s curve primitives, and serialised as the fixed-length concatenation `R || S` of the two coordinates. DER-encoded signatures in the JOSE position are rejected with `JWS.SIG_FORMAT_INVALID` — silently parsing them would hide protocol drift between producers, which is the source of multiple JOSE interop CVEs.
## Features
- `ES256` → P-256 + SHA-256, 64-byte `R||S`.
- `ES384` → P-384 + SHA-384, 96-byte `R||S`.
- `ES512` → P-521 + SHA-512, 132-byte `R||S` (R and S are 66 bytes each).
- DER-encoded signature in JOSE position → `JWS.SIG_FORMAT_INVALID`.
- Key shape: raw uncompressed SEC1 public-key bytes (`0x04 || X || Y`) for verify; raw scalar for sign.
## Usage: Basic Example
```ts
import { p256 } from "@suaveplan/crypto-curve";
import { compactSign, compactVerify } from "@suaveplan/jws";
const priv = p256.randomPrivateKey();
const pub = p256.getPublicKey(priv);
const token = await compactSign("hello", priv, "ES256");
await compactVerify(token, pub, { algorithms: ["ES256"] });
```
## Usage: Advanced Example
```ts
import { es256, JwsError } from "@suaveplan/jws";
// Reject DER-encoded signature in JOSE position:
const derSig = new Uint8Array([0x30, 0x46, /* ... */]);
try {
await es256.verify(signingInput, derSig, pub);
} catch (err) {
if (err instanceof JwsError && err.code === "JWS.SIG_FORMAT_INVALID") {
// DER detected by 0x30 lead byte + length mismatch.
}
}
// Wrong-length raw R||S also rejected:
try {
await es256.verify(signingInput, new Uint8Array(63), pub);
} catch (err) {
if (err instanceof JwsError && err.code === "JWS.SIG_FORMAT_INVALID") {
// Generic length mismatch.
}
}
```
## API Reference
- `es256: AlgorithmImpl<Uint8Array>` — verify `(input, sig: 64 bytes, pub)`, sign `(input, priv: 32 bytes)`.
- `es384: AlgorithmImpl<Uint8Array>` — sig 96 bytes, priv 48 bytes.
- `es512: AlgorithmImpl<Uint8Array>` — sig 132 bytes, priv 66 bytes.
## Implementation Notes
Public keys MUST be uncompressed SEC1 (`0x04 || X || Y` of the relevant coordinate length). The verifier delegates to `@suaveplan/crypto-curve`'s `p256.verify` / `p384.verify` / `p521.verify`, which use the Noble curves library with constant-time scalar multiplication. Signing uses RFC 6979 deterministic `k` (no per-signature randomness required), which makes ECDSA JWS production deterministic for a given `(privateKey, payload)` pair — this is a feature for reproducible-build test vectors but means consumers should NOT reuse `k` across messages outside this library. The 132-byte length for ES512 surprises producers expecting 128: P-521 coordinates are 66 bytes each, not 64.

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import { describe, expect, it } from "@suaveplan/testing/runner";
import {
getEcdsaP256TestKey,
getEcdsaP384TestKey,
getEcdsaP521TestKey,
} from "../__fixtures__/deterministic-keys.js";
import {
A3_JWK_X,
A3_JWK_Y,
A3_TOKEN,
A4_JWK_X,
A4_JWK_Y,
A4_TOKEN,
} from "../__fixtures__/rfc7515-vectors.js";
import { base64urlDecode, base64urlEncode } from "../base64url/base64url.js";
import { JWS_CODES, type JwsError } from "../errors/error-codes.js";
import {
compactSign,
compactVerify,
} from "../serialization/compact/compact.js";
import { es256, es384, es512 } from "./ecdsa.js";
function uncompressed(x: string, y: string, coordLen: number): Uint8Array {
const xb = base64urlDecode(x);
const yb = base64urlDecode(y);
const out = new Uint8Array(1 + 2 * coordLen);
out[0] = 0x04;
out.set(xb, 1);
out.set(yb, 1 + coordLen);
return out;
}
describe("algorithms / ecdsa", () => {
it("verifies the RFC 7515 Appendix A.3 ES256 vector", {
timeout: 5000,
}, async () => {
const pub = uncompressed(A3_JWK_X, A3_JWK_Y, 32);
const r = await compactVerify(A3_TOKEN, pub, {
algorithms: ["ES256"],
});
expect(r.verified).toBe(true);
});
it("round-trips an ES256 token", { timeout: 5000 }, async () => {
const k = getEcdsaP256TestKey();
const tok = await compactSign("hi", k.privateKey, "ES256");
const r = await compactVerify(tok, k.publicKey, {
algorithms: ["ES256"],
});
expect(r.verified).toBe(true);
});
it("round-trips an ES384 token", { timeout: 5000 }, async () => {
const k = getEcdsaP384TestKey();
const tok = await compactSign("hi", k.privateKey, "ES384");
const r = await compactVerify(tok, k.publicKey, {
algorithms: ["ES384"],
});
expect(r.verified).toBe(true);
});
it("round-trips an ES512 token", { timeout: 5000 }, async () => {
const k = getEcdsaP521TestKey();
const tok = await compactSign("hi", k.privateKey, "ES512");
const r = await compactVerify(tok, k.publicKey, {
algorithms: ["ES512"],
});
expect(r.verified).toBe(true);
});
it("verifies the RFC 7515 Appendix A.4 ES512 vector", {
timeout: 5000,
}, async () => {
const pub = uncompressed(A4_JWK_X, A4_JWK_Y, 66);
const r = await compactVerify(A4_TOKEN, pub, {
algorithms: ["ES512"],
});
expect(r.verified).toBe(true);
});
it("rejects a DER-encoded signature with SIG_FORMAT_INVALID", {
timeout: 5000,
}, async () => {
// A DER ECDSA signature begins with 0x30 (SEQUENCE).
const pub = uncompressed(A3_JWK_X, A3_JWK_Y, 32);
const parts = A3_TOKEN.split(".");
const derFakeSig = new Uint8Array([
0x30,
0x10,
0x02,
0x01,
0x01,
0x02,
0x01,
0x02,
...new Array(8).fill(0),
]);
const sigB64 = base64urlEncode(derFakeSig);
const token = `${parts[0]}.${parts[1]}.${sigB64}`;
try {
await compactVerify(token, pub, { algorithms: ["ES256"] });
} catch (e) {
expect((e as JwsError).code).toBe(JWS_CODES.SIG_FORMAT_INVALID);
return;
}
throw new Error("did-not-throw");
});
it("rejects a non-DER signature of wrong length", {
timeout: 5000,
}, async () => {
const pub = uncompressed(A3_JWK_X, A3_JWK_Y, 32);
const parts = A3_TOKEN.split(".");
const wrongLen = base64urlEncode(new Uint8Array(50));
const token = `${parts[0]}.${parts[1]}.${wrongLen}`;
try {
await compactVerify(token, pub, { algorithms: ["ES256"] });
} catch (e) {
expect((e as JwsError).code).toBe(JWS_CODES.SIG_FORMAT_INVALID);
return;
}
throw new Error("did-not-throw");
});
it("rejects a tampered ES256 signature with SIG_INVALID", {
timeout: 5000,
}, async () => {
const k = getEcdsaP256TestKey();
const tok = await compactSign("hi", k.privateKey, "ES256");
const parts = tok.split(".");
const sig = parts[2] as string;
// Flip first base64url char to keep it valid b64 but different bytes.
const flipped = sig.charAt(0) === "A" ? "B" : "A";
const tampered = `${parts[0]}.${parts[1]}.${flipped}${sig.slice(1)}`;
try {
await compactVerify(tampered, k.publicKey, {
algorithms: ["ES256"],
});
} catch (e) {
expect((e as JwsError).code).toBe(JWS_CODES.SIG_INVALID);
return;
}
throw new Error("did-not-throw");
});
it("es256 rejects non-Uint8Array key", { timeout: 5000 }, async () => {
try {
await es256.verify(
new Uint8Array(4),
new Uint8Array(64),
"not-a-key" as never
);
} catch (e) {
expect((e as JwsError).code).toBe(JWS_CODES.KEY_ALG_MISMATCH);
return;
}
throw new Error("did-not-throw");
});
it("es384.sign rejects non-Uint8Array key", {
timeout: 5000,
}, async () => {
try {
await (
es384.sign as (i: Uint8Array, k: unknown) => Promise<Uint8Array>
)(new Uint8Array(4), null as never);
} catch (e) {
expect((e as JwsError).code).toBe(JWS_CODES.KEY_ALG_MISMATCH);
return;
}
throw new Error("did-not-throw");
});
it("es512.verify returns false when underlying curve throws", {
timeout: 5000,
}, async () => {
// Random 132 bytes — wrong-length is caught earlier; here we feed
// correct length but a bogus pubkey so the curve verify throws.
const sig = new Uint8Array(132);
const ok = await es512.verify(
new Uint8Array(4),
sig,
new Uint8Array(133) // not a valid P-521 uncompressed point
);
expect(ok).toBe(false);
});
});

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import { p256, p384, p521 } from "@suaveplan/crypto-curve";
import { sha256, sha384, sha512 } from "@suaveplan/crypto-hash";
import { JWS_CODES, JwsError } from "../errors/error-codes.js";
import { recordError } from "../observability/metrics.js";
import type { AlgorithmImpl } from "./registry.types.js";
interface EcdsaParams {
readonly hash: (bytes: Uint8Array) => Uint8Array;
readonly sigLen: number;
readonly verify: (
sig: Uint8Array,
digest: Uint8Array,
pub: Uint8Array
) => boolean;
readonly sign: (digest: Uint8Array, priv: Uint8Array) => Uint8Array;
}
const PARAMS: Record<"ES256" | "ES384" | "ES512", EcdsaParams> = {
ES256: {
hash: sha256,
sigLen: 64,
verify: p256.verify,
sign: p256.sign,
},
ES384: {
hash: sha384,
sigLen: 96,
verify: p384.verify,
sign: p384.sign,
},
ES512: {
// P-521 + SHA-512 produces R || S where each is 66 bytes (132 total).
hash: sha512,
sigLen: 132,
verify: p521.verify,
sign: p521.sign,
},
};
function fail(
code:
| typeof JWS_CODES.SIG_FORMAT_INVALID
| typeof JWS_CODES.KEY_ALG_MISMATCH,
reason: string,
context?: Record<string, unknown>
): never {
const err = new JwsError(code, "error.jws.ecdsa", {
context: { reason, ...context },
});
recordError(err.code);
throw err;
}
function assertEcKey(key: unknown, alg: string): Uint8Array {
if (!(key instanceof Uint8Array)) {
fail(JWS_CODES.KEY_ALG_MISMATCH, "ec-key-type", { alg });
}
return key;
}
function rejectDer(sig: Uint8Array, expectedLen: number): void {
if (sig.length === expectedLen) return;
// A DER ECDSA signature starts with 0x30 (SEQUENCE). The JOSE form is
// raw R||S of fixed length; any non-matching length is a structural
// error and a 0x30 lead-byte is the diagnostic signal.
if (sig.length >= 2 && sig[0] === 0x30) {
fail(JWS_CODES.SIG_FORMAT_INVALID, "der-not-permitted");
}
fail(JWS_CODES.SIG_FORMAT_INVALID, "signature-length-mismatch", {
got: sig.length,
expected: expectedLen,
});
}
/**
* ECDSA JWS algorithm impl (RFC 7518 §3.4). The JOSE-form signature is
* the fixed-length concatenation `R || S` — DER-encoded signatures in
* the JOSE position are rejected with `SIG_FORMAT_INVALID` because
* silently parsing them hides protocol drift between producers.
*/
function makeEcdsa(
alg: "ES256" | "ES384" | "ES512"
): AlgorithmImpl<Uint8Array> {
const params = PARAMS[alg];
return {
alg,
verify: async (signingInput, signature, key) => {
const pub = assertEcKey(key, alg);
rejectDer(signature, params.sigLen);
const digest = params.hash(signingInput);
// `@suaveplan/crypto-curve` returns `false` for any verify
// failure (including invalid pubkey shapes) so no outer
// try/catch is required here.
return params.verify(signature, digest, pub);
},
sign: async (signingInput, key) => {
const priv = assertEcKey(key, alg);
const digest = params.hash(signingInput);
return params.sign(digest, priv);
},
};
}
export const es256 = makeEcdsa("ES256");
export const es384 = makeEcdsa("ES384");
export const es512 = makeEcdsa("ES512");

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# EdDSA algorithm
## Purpose
RFC 8037 §3.1 EdDSA over Ed25519. The signing input is signed directly by Ed25519 (no caller-side pre-hash — Ed25519 hashes internally via SHA-512), producing a 64-byte signature. EdDSA is the preferred modern algorithm for greenfield JWS deployments: fast, no `k`-randomness footgun, no salt-length confusion, no signature-format dispute (always raw 64 bytes).
## Features
- `EdDSA` → Ed25519, 64-byte signature.
- Key shape: 32-byte raw `Uint8Array` (priv or pub).
- Ed448 not supported — `@suaveplan/crypto-curve` ships only Ed25519; tokens with `crv: "Ed448"` are rejected at JWK parsing with `JWS.KEY_ALG_MISMATCH`.
## Usage: Basic Example
```ts
import { ed25519 } from "@suaveplan/crypto-curve";
import { compactSign, compactVerify } from "@suaveplan/jws";
const priv = ed25519.randomPrivateKey();
const pub = ed25519.getPublicKey(priv);
const token = await compactSign("hello", priv, "EdDSA");
await compactVerify(token, pub, { algorithms: ["EdDSA"] });
```
## Usage: Advanced Example
```ts
import { eddsa, JwsError } from "@suaveplan/jws";
// Direct impl call:
const sig = await eddsa.sign!(new TextEncoder().encode("hdr.payload"), priv);
const ok = await eddsa.verify(new TextEncoder().encode("hdr.payload"), sig, pub);
// Wrong key type:
try {
await eddsa.verify(input, sig, { kty: "OKP" } as never);
} catch (err) {
if (err instanceof JwsError && err.code === "JWS.KEY_ALG_MISMATCH") {
// EdDSA expects raw 32-byte Uint8Array.
}
}
```
## API Reference
- `eddsa: AlgorithmImpl<Uint8Array>` — verify `(input, sig: 64 bytes, pub: 32 bytes)`, sign `(input, priv: 32 bytes)`.
`verify` returns `Promise<boolean>` (`false` for any malformed signature — never throws); `sign` returns `Promise<Uint8Array>` of length 64.
## Implementation Notes
Ed25519 verification is exception-safe: `@suaveplan/crypto-curve.ed25519.verify` wraps Noble's verify in a `try/catch` that returns `false` on any signature-decoding error, so a malformed 64-byte input surfaces as `JWS.SIG_INVALID` at the pipeline level rather than a low-level decoding exception. Per RFC 8037 §3.1 the `alg: "EdDSA"` parameter is overloaded for both Ed25519 and Ed448 — disambiguation requires inspecting the `header.jwk.crv` value (or, for `x5c`, the leaf SPKI algorithm OID). This package currently only implements Ed25519; an Ed448 token routes the same `EdDSA` alg through the JWK layer, which catches the `crv: "Ed448"` and throws `KEY_ALG_MISMATCH` — extending to Ed448 only requires adding an Ed448 primitive to `@suaveplan/crypto-curve` and branching this impl on `header.jwk.crv`.

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import { describe, expect, it } from "@suaveplan/testing/runner";
import { getEd25519TestKey } from "../__fixtures__/deterministic-keys.js";
import {
base64urlEncode,
base64urlEncodeString,
} from "../base64url/base64url.js";
import { JWS_CODES, type JwsError } from "../errors/error-codes.js";
import {
compactSign,
compactVerify,
} from "../serialization/compact/compact.js";
import { eddsa } from "./eddsa.js";
describe("algorithms / eddsa (Ed25519)", () => {
it("round-trips an EdDSA token", { timeout: 5000 }, async () => {
const k = getEd25519TestKey();
const tok = await compactSign("hi", k.privateKey, "EdDSA");
const r = await compactVerify(tok, k.publicKey, {
algorithms: ["EdDSA"],
});
expect(r.verified).toBe(true);
});
it("verifies the RFC 8037 Appendix A.4 vector", {
timeout: 5000,
}, async () => {
// RFC 8037 §A.4 — the appendix shows a JWS with the message
// "Example of Ed25519 signing". The public key x = "11qYAYKxCrfV..."
// produces the published signature.
// We reproduce the EXACT vector here:
const headerB64 = base64urlEncodeString(
JSON.stringify({ alg: "EdDSA" })
);
// Per RFC 8037 §A.4 the appendix's payload is "Example of Ed25519 signing"
// encoded as base64url. Their published encoded payload is:
const payloadB64 = "RXhhbXBsZSBvZiBFZDI1NTE5IHNpZ25pbmc";
const signatureB64 =
"hgyY0il_MGCjP0JzlnLWG1PPOt7-09PGcvMg3AIbQR6dWbhijcNR4ki4iylGjg5BhVsPt9g7sVvpAr_MuM0KAg";
// The public key for the appendix's example:
const pub = new Uint8Array([
0xd7, 0x5a, 0x98, 0x01, 0x82, 0xb1, 0x0a, 0xb7, 0xd5, 0x4b, 0xfe,
0xd3, 0xc9, 0x64, 0x07, 0x3a, 0x0e, 0xe1, 0x72, 0xf3, 0xda, 0xa6,
0x23, 0x25, 0xaf, 0x02, 0x1a, 0x68, 0xf7, 0x07, 0x51, 0x1a,
]);
const token = `${headerB64}.${payloadB64}.${signatureB64}`;
// The header above is encoded as ASCII JSON `{"alg":"EdDSA"}`; the
// RFC's published header is exactly this base64url string.
// Verify the signing input matches RFC 8037 §A.4:
expect(headerB64).toBe("eyJhbGciOiJFZERTQSJ9");
const r = await compactVerify(token, pub, {
algorithms: ["EdDSA"],
});
expect(r.verified).toBe(true);
});
it("rejects EdDSA against Ed448 OKP with KEY_ALG_MISMATCH", {
timeout: 5000,
}, async () => {
const k = getEd25519TestKey();
const tok = await compactSign("hi", k.privateKey, "EdDSA", {
protectedHeader: {
jwk: {
kty: "OKP",
crv: "Ed448",
x: base64urlEncode(k.publicKey),
},
},
});
try {
await compactVerify(tok, undefined, {
algorithms: ["EdDSA"],
allowEmbeddedJwk: true,
});
} catch (e) {
expect((e as JwsError).code).toBe(JWS_CODES.KEY_ALG_MISMATCH);
return;
}
throw new Error("did-not-throw");
});
it("rejects a tampered EdDSA signature", {
timeout: 5000,
}, async () => {
const k = getEd25519TestKey();
const tok = await compactSign("hi", k.privateKey, "EdDSA");
const parts = tok.split(".");
const sig = parts[2] as string;
const flipped = sig.charAt(0) === "A" ? "B" : "A";
const tampered = `${parts[0]}.${parts[1]}.${flipped}${sig.slice(1)}`;
try {
await compactVerify(tampered, k.publicKey, {
algorithms: ["EdDSA"],
});
} catch (e) {
expect((e as JwsError).code).toBe(JWS_CODES.SIG_INVALID);
return;
}
throw new Error("did-not-throw");
});
it("eddsa.verify rejects non-Uint8Array key", {
timeout: 5000,
}, async () => {
try {
await eddsa.verify(
new Uint8Array(4),
new Uint8Array(64),
"not-a-key" as never
);
} catch (e) {
expect((e as JwsError).code).toBe(JWS_CODES.KEY_ALG_MISMATCH);
return;
}
throw new Error("did-not-throw");
});
it("eddsa.sign rejects non-Uint8Array key", {
timeout: 5000,
}, async () => {
try {
await (
eddsa.sign as (i: Uint8Array, k: unknown) => Promise<Uint8Array>
)(new Uint8Array(4), null as never);
} catch (e) {
expect((e as JwsError).code).toBe(JWS_CODES.KEY_ALG_MISMATCH);
return;
}
throw new Error("did-not-throw");
});
});

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import { ed25519 } from "@suaveplan/crypto-curve";
import { JWS_CODES, JwsError } from "../errors/error-codes.js";
import { recordError } from "../observability/metrics.js";
import type { AlgorithmImpl } from "./registry.types.js";
function assertEdKey(key: unknown): Uint8Array {
if (!(key instanceof Uint8Array)) {
const err = new JwsError(
JWS_CODES.KEY_ALG_MISMATCH,
"error.jws.eddsa-key-type",
{ context: { alg: "EdDSA" } }
);
recordError(err.code);
throw err;
}
return key;
}
/**
* EdDSA (Ed25519) JWS algorithm impl per RFC 8037 §3.1. The signing
* input is signed/verified directly — Ed25519's design pre-hashes
* internally via SHA-512, so the JWS-level hash parameter is implicit.
*
* Ed448 is not currently supported because `@suaveplan/crypto-curve`
* does not ship an Ed448 primitive. Tokens whose `header.jwk.crv ===
* "Ed448"` are rejected upstream at JWK validation time with
* `KEY_ALG_MISMATCH`.
*/
export const eddsa: AlgorithmImpl<Uint8Array> = {
alg: "EdDSA",
verify: async (signingInput, signature, key) => {
const pub = assertEdKey(key);
return ed25519.verify(signature, signingInput, pub);
},
sign: async (signingInput, key) => {
const priv = assertEdKey(key);
return ed25519.sign(signingInput, priv);
},
};

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# HMAC algorithms (`HS256` / `HS384` / `HS512`)
## Purpose
RFC 7518 §3.2 HMAC-with-SHA-2 signing and verification. The signing input is HMAC'd with the caller-supplied symmetric key; the verifier recomputes the tag and compares in constant time. Constant-time compare via `@suaveplan/crypto-utils.constantTimeEqual` is mandatory — `Buffer.compare`, `===`, and any short-circuiting comparison leak the tag's prefix to a timing adversary, and that's been the root cause of multiple practical key-recovery attacks against permissive JOSE libraries.
## Features
- `HS256` → HMAC-SHA-256, 32-byte tag.
- `HS384` → HMAC-SHA-384, 48-byte tag.
- `HS512` → HMAC-SHA-512, 64-byte tag.
- Constant-time tag comparison.
- Key shape: `Uint8Array` (the raw HMAC key); mismatch → `JWS.KEY_ALG_MISMATCH`.
## Usage: Basic Example
```ts
import { compactSign, compactVerify } from "@suaveplan/jws";
const secret = new TextEncoder().encode("a-shared-secret-of-at-least-32-bytes");
const token = await compactSign("hello", secret, "HS256");
const r = await compactVerify(token, secret, { algorithms: ["HS256"] });
// r.payloadString === "hello"
```
## Usage: Advanced Example
```ts
import { compactVerify, JwsError, hs256 } from "@suaveplan/jws";
// Direct algorithm impl access (advanced — verify pipelines should be your
// default).
const signingInput = new TextEncoder().encode("hdr.payload");
const sig = await hs256.sign!(signingInput, secret);
const ok = await hs256.verify(signingInput, sig, secret);
// ok === true
// Tampered tag:
sig[sig.length - 1] ^= 0x01;
const stillOk = await hs256.verify(signingInput, sig, secret);
// stillOk === false (constant-time compare returned false)
```
## API Reference
- `hs256: AlgorithmImpl<Uint8Array>` — `{ alg: "HS256", verify, sign }`
- `hs384: AlgorithmImpl<Uint8Array>` — same shape.
- `hs512: AlgorithmImpl<Uint8Array>` — same shape.
Each `verify(signingInput, signature, key)` returns `Promise<boolean>`; each `sign(signingInput, key)` returns `Promise<Uint8Array>`. Non-`Uint8Array` keys throw `JwsError(JWS.KEY_ALG_MISMATCH)` synchronously.
## Implementation Notes
HMAC is implemented over `@suaveplan/crypto-hash.hmac`, which routes through the package's primitive-selector layer (Noble JS by default; native via the build-time `crypto.config.ts` switch). HMAC keys are required to be `Uint8Array`; passing the raw shared-secret string is a common footgun (its UTF-8 encoding is the actual key, not the string itself), and surfacing a typed `KEY_ALG_MISMATCH` is friendlier than silently HMAC-ing the wrong bytes. Per RFC 7518 §3.2 production deployments SHOULD use keys ≥ the hash output length (32/48/64 bytes); this package does not enforce a minimum because some test vectors use shorter keys, but consumers SHOULD layer that check at their boundary.

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import { describe, expect, it } from "@suaveplan/testing/runner";
import {
A1_JWK_K,
A1_TOKEN,
a1HmacKey,
} from "../__fixtures__/rfc7515-vectors.js";
import { base64urlDecode } from "../base64url/base64url.js";
import { JWS_CODES, type JwsError } from "../errors/error-codes.js";
import {
compactSign,
compactVerify,
} from "../serialization/compact/compact.js";
import { hs256, hs384, hs512 } from "./hmac.js";
describe("algorithms / hmac", () => {
it("verifies the RFC 7515 Appendix A.1 HS256 vector", {
timeout: 5000,
}, async () => {
const key = a1HmacKey();
const result = await compactVerify(A1_TOKEN, key, {
algorithms: ["HS256"],
});
expect(result.verified).toBe(true);
expect(result.header.alg).toBe("HS256");
expect(result.header.typ).toBe("JWT");
});
it("round-trips an HS512 token", { timeout: 5000 }, async () => {
const key = new Uint8Array(64).fill(0x77);
const tok = await compactSign(
JSON.stringify({ sub: "abc" }),
key,
"HS512"
);
const result = await compactVerify(tok, key, {
algorithms: ["HS512"],
});
expect(result.verified).toBe(true);
expect(result.payloadString).toBe(JSON.stringify({ sub: "abc" }));
});
it("round-trips an HS384 token", { timeout: 5000 }, async () => {
const key = new Uint8Array(48).fill(0x33);
const tok = await compactSign("hello", key, "HS384");
const result = await compactVerify(tok, key, {
algorithms: ["HS384"],
});
expect(result.verified).toBe(true);
});
it("rejects a tampered HS256 tag", { timeout: 5000 }, async () => {
const key = a1HmacKey();
const parts = A1_TOKEN.split(".");
const sig = parts[2] as string;
// Flip the first base64url char to a different alphabet char so
// the segment stays base64url-decodable but the bytes differ.
const first = sig.charAt(0);
const flipped = first === "A" ? "B" : "A";
const tampered = `${parts[0]}.${parts[1]}.${flipped}${sig.slice(1)}`;
try {
await compactVerify(tampered, key, { algorithms: ["HS256"] });
} catch (e) {
expect((e as JwsError).code).toBe(JWS_CODES.SIG_INVALID);
return;
}
throw new Error("did-not-throw");
});
it("hs256.sign + verify direct round-trip", {
timeout: 5000,
}, async () => {
const key = base64urlDecode(A1_JWK_K);
const input = new TextEncoder().encode("hello");
const sig = await (
hs256.sign as (i: Uint8Array, k: Uint8Array) => Promise<Uint8Array>
)(input, key);
expect(await hs256.verify(input, sig, key)).toBe(true);
});
it("hs384.verify rejects when key is not Uint8Array", {
timeout: 5000,
}, async () => {
try {
await hs384.verify(
new Uint8Array(4),
new Uint8Array(48),
"not-a-key" as never
);
} catch (e) {
expect((e as JwsError).code).toBe(JWS_CODES.KEY_ALG_MISMATCH);
return;
}
throw new Error("did-not-throw");
});
it("hs512.sign rejects non-Uint8Array key", {
timeout: 5000,
}, async () => {
try {
await (
hs512.sign as (
i: Uint8Array,
k: Uint8Array
) => Promise<Uint8Array>
)(new Uint8Array(4), null as never);
} catch (e) {
expect((e as JwsError).code).toBe(JWS_CODES.KEY_ALG_MISMATCH);
return;
}
throw new Error("did-not-throw");
});
});

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import { hmac } from "@suaveplan/crypto-hash";
import { constantTimeEqual } from "@suaveplan/crypto-utils";
import { JWS_CODES, JwsError } from "../errors/error-codes.js";
import { recordError } from "../observability/metrics.js";
import type { AlgorithmImpl } from "./registry.types.js";
const HASH_FOR: Record<string, "SHA-256" | "SHA-384" | "SHA-512"> = {
HS256: "SHA-256",
HS384: "SHA-384",
HS512: "SHA-512",
};
function assertHmacKey(key: unknown, alg: string): Uint8Array {
if (!(key instanceof Uint8Array)) {
const err = new JwsError(
JWS_CODES.KEY_ALG_MISMATCH,
"error.jws.hmac-key-type",
{ context: { alg } }
);
recordError(err.code);
throw err;
}
return key;
}
/**
* HMAC-based JWS algorithm impl (RFC 7518 §3.2). The tag is recomputed
* with `@suaveplan/crypto-hash`'s `hmac()` primitive and compared in
* constant time via `@suaveplan/crypto-utils.constantTimeEqual` —
* variable-time compare would leak the tag prefix to a timing
* adversary.
*/
function makeHmac(alg: "HS256" | "HS384" | "HS512"): AlgorithmImpl<Uint8Array> {
const hashAlg = HASH_FOR[alg] as "SHA-256" | "SHA-384" | "SHA-512";
return {
alg,
verify: async (signingInput, signature, key) => {
const k = assertHmacKey(key, alg);
const tag = hmac(hashAlg, k, signingInput);
return constantTimeEqual(tag, signature);
},
sign: async (signingInput, key) => {
const k = assertHmacKey(key, alg);
return hmac(hashAlg, k, signingInput);
},
};
}
export const hs256 = makeHmac("HS256");
export const hs384 = makeHmac("HS384");
export const hs512 = makeHmac("HS512");

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import "./builtin.js";
export { seedBuiltinAlgorithms } from "./builtin.js";
export { es256, es384, es512 } from "./ecdsa.js";
export { eddsa } from "./eddsa.js";
export { hs256, hs384, hs512 } from "./hmac.js";
export { none } from "./none.js";
export { AlgorithmRegistry, defaultRegistry } from "./registry.js";
export type { AlgorithmImpl, JoseAlg } from "./registry.types.js";
export { rs256, rs384, rs512 } from "./rsa.js";
export { ps256, ps384, ps512 } from "./rsa-pss.js";

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# `none` algorithm
## Purpose
RFC 7518 §3.6 `"none"` algorithm. The `none` value declares "no integrity protection," which is virtually never what a verifier wants but is occasionally needed for non-security-critical contexts (signed-by-policy local development, deliberately-unsigned debugging payloads). This implementation exists only so the registry is complete; the verify pipeline rejects `none` by default and requires BOTH `algorithms: ["none"]` AND `acceptNone: true` to opt in, neutralising the classic "alg: none" downgrade attack.
## Features
- `verify` returns `true` if-and-only-if the signature segment is empty (zero bytes after base64url-decode).
- `sign` always emits empty signature bytes.
- Default rejection: pipeline throws `JWS.ALG_NONE_DISABLED` unless both flags are set.
## Usage: Basic Example
```ts
import { compactSign, compactVerify } from "@suaveplan/jws";
const token = await compactSign("hello", undefined, "none");
// token has the form "<header>.<payload>." — empty signature segment.
await compactVerify(token, undefined, {
algorithms: ["none"],
acceptNone: true,
});
```
## Usage: Advanced Example
```ts
import { compactVerify, JwsError } from "@suaveplan/jws";
const noneToken = "eyJhbGciOiJub25lIn0.eyJzdWIiOjF9.";
// Default: rejected.
try {
await compactVerify(noneToken, undefined, { algorithms: ["HS256"] });
} catch (err) {
if (err instanceof JwsError && err.code === "JWS.ALG_NONE_DISABLED") {
// CVE-class defence in depth.
}
}
// Allowlisted but no acceptNone — also rejected.
try {
await compactVerify(noneToken, undefined, { algorithms: ["none"] });
} catch (err) {
if (err instanceof JwsError && err.code === "JWS.ALG_NONE_DISABLED") {
// Two flags required.
}
}
```
## API Reference
- `none: AlgorithmImpl<undefined>` — verify `(input, sig)` returns `Promise<boolean>` (`true` iff `sig.length === 0`); sign `(input, _)` returns `Promise<Uint8Array>` of length 0.
## Implementation Notes
The two-flag opt-in design is a deliberate defence against the historic JWT-CVE class where a caller passes `algorithms: ["HS256"]` AND a public key, then an attacker mints a token with `alg: "none"` and the library accepts it because the allowlist is parsed permissively. Here, even a deliberate `algorithms: ["none"]` requires the second flag `acceptNone: true` — the second flag is intentionally separate so a single typo or merged configuration cannot accidentally accept unsigned tokens. The implementation also requires the signature segment to be empty, not "not present" — a token like `"<hdr>.<payload>.deadbeef"` with `alg: "none"` is rejected because the signature bytes are non-zero.

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import { describe, expect, it } from "@suaveplan/testing/runner";
import { base64urlEncodeString } from "../base64url/base64url.js";
import { JWS_CODES, type JwsError } from "../errors/error-codes.js";
import { compactVerify } from "../serialization/compact/compact.js";
import { none } from "./none.js";
const NONE_HEADER = base64urlEncodeString(JSON.stringify({ alg: "none" }));
const NONE_PAYLOAD = base64urlEncodeString("payload");
const NONE_TOKEN = `${NONE_HEADER}.${NONE_PAYLOAD}.`;
describe("algorithms / none", () => {
it("none.verify returns true for empty signature", {
timeout: 5000,
}, async () => {
expect(
await none.verify(new Uint8Array(4), new Uint8Array(0), undefined)
).toBe(true);
});
it("none.verify returns false for non-empty signature", {
timeout: 5000,
}, async () => {
expect(
await none.verify(new Uint8Array(4), new Uint8Array(1), undefined)
).toBe(false);
});
it("none.sign returns empty bytes", { timeout: 5000 }, async () => {
expect(
await (
none.sign as (
i: Uint8Array,
k: undefined
) => Promise<Uint8Array>
)(new Uint8Array(4), undefined)
).toEqual(new Uint8Array(0));
});
it("rejects none by default", { timeout: 5000 }, async () => {
try {
await compactVerify(NONE_TOKEN, undefined, {
algorithms: ["HS256"],
});
} catch (e) {
expect((e as JwsError).code).toBe(JWS_CODES.ALG_NONE_DISABLED);
return;
}
throw new Error("did-not-throw");
});
it("rejects none when only algorithms includes it", {
timeout: 5000,
}, async () => {
try {
await compactVerify(NONE_TOKEN, undefined, {
algorithms: ["none"],
});
} catch (e) {
expect((e as JwsError).code).toBe(JWS_CODES.ALG_NONE_DISABLED);
return;
}
throw new Error("did-not-throw");
});
it("rejects none when only acceptNone is set", {
timeout: 5000,
}, async () => {
try {
await compactVerify(NONE_TOKEN, undefined, {
algorithms: ["HS256"],
acceptNone: true,
});
} catch (e) {
expect((e as JwsError).code).toBe(JWS_CODES.ALG_NOT_ALLOWED);
return;
}
throw new Error("did-not-throw");
});
it("accepts none with both flags set", { timeout: 5000 }, async () => {
const result = await compactVerify(NONE_TOKEN, undefined, {
algorithms: ["none"],
acceptNone: true,
});
expect(result.verified).toBe(true);
});
});

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import type { AlgorithmImpl } from "./registry.types.js";
/**
* RFC 7518 §3.6 `"none"` algorithm. Verification always returns `true`
* if-and-only-if the signature bytes are empty; signing always emits
* empty signature bytes. The pipeline rejects `"none"` by default —
* callers must explicitly set BOTH `algorithms: ["none"]` AND
* `acceptNone: true` to opt in. This implementation only exists so the
* `AlgorithmRegistry` is complete for that opt-in path.
*/
export const none: AlgorithmImpl<undefined> = {
alg: "none",
verify: async (_signingInput, signature) => signature.length === 0,
sign: async () => new Uint8Array(0),
};

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# `AlgorithmRegistry`
## Purpose
In-package mapping from `alg` identifier to the concrete `AlgorithmImpl` that knows how to verify and (optionally) sign. The registry is seeded at module load with the 13 built-in algorithms required by RFC 7518 §3 and RFC 8037 (`HS256/384/512`, `RS256/384/512`, `PS256/384/512`, `ES256/384/512`, `EdDSA`, `none`). Downstream packages register experimental algorithms (e.g. ML-DSA, secp256k1) via `AlgorithmRegistry.register` without forking this package.
## Features
- `defaultRegistry` — the package-wide seeded registry consumed by the verify/sign pipelines.
- `register(alg, impl)` — add an algorithm; duplicate registration throws `JWS.ALG_UNSUPPORTED`.
- `lookup(alg)` — returns the impl or `undefined`.
- `lookupOrThrow(alg)` — returns the impl or throws `JWS.ALG_UNSUPPORTED`.
- `has(alg)` / `algorithms()` — introspection helpers.
## Usage: Basic Example
```ts
import { defaultRegistry } from "@suaveplan/jws";
defaultRegistry.has("RS256"); // true
defaultRegistry.has("ML-DSA-44"); // false
```
## Usage: Advanced Example
```ts
import {
AlgorithmRegistry,
type AlgorithmImpl,
defaultRegistry,
} from "@suaveplan/jws";
const mlDsa44: AlgorithmImpl<Uint8Array> = {
alg: "ML-DSA-44",
verify: async (signingInput, sig, pub) => myMlDsaImpl.verify(pub, sig, signingInput),
sign: async (signingInput, priv) => myMlDsaImpl.sign(priv, signingInput),
};
defaultRegistry.register("ML-DSA-44", mlDsa44);
// Or build an isolated registry for an integration test:
const isolated = new AlgorithmRegistry();
isolated.register("HS256", myHsImpl);
```
## API Reference
- `class AlgorithmRegistry`
- `register<K>(alg: string, impl: AlgorithmImpl<K>): void`
- `lookup(alg: string): AlgorithmImpl<unknown> | undefined`
- `lookupOrThrow(alg: string): AlgorithmImpl<unknown>`
- `has(alg: string): boolean`
- `algorithms(): readonly string[]`
- `const defaultRegistry: AlgorithmRegistry`
- `interface AlgorithmImpl<K = unknown> { alg: string; verify(signingInput, signature, key: K): Promise<boolean>; sign?(signingInput, key: K): Promise<Uint8Array> }`
- `seedBuiltinAlgorithms(): void` — idempotent seeding (already invoked at module load).
## Implementation Notes
Built-ins are seeded by the side-effect import `import "./builtin.js"` at the root of `algorithms/index.ts` AND `src/index.ts`. Idempotent via a module-scoped boolean so the registry survives test reload cycles. Registering an algorithm twice throws rather than silently overwriting, because silent overwrite would be an algorithm-confusion vector — a malicious downstream package could redefine `RS256` to delegate to an attacker-controlled impl. The registry is mutable but only via `register`; there is no `unregister` for the same reason.

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import { describe, expect, it } from "@suaveplan/testing/runner";
import { JWS_CODES, type JwsError } from "../errors/error-codes.js";
import { defaultRegistry, seedBuiltinAlgorithms } from "./index.js";
import { AlgorithmRegistry } from "./registry.js";
import type { AlgorithmImpl } from "./registry.types.js";
const stub: AlgorithmImpl<undefined> = {
alg: "stub",
verify: async () => true,
};
describe("algorithms / registry", () => {
it("default registry contains every built-in", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const algs = defaultRegistry.algorithms();
for (const a of [
"HS256",
"HS384",
"HS512",
"RS256",
"RS384",
"RS512",
"PS256",
"PS384",
"PS512",
"ES256",
"ES384",
"ES512",
"EdDSA",
"none",
]) {
expect(algs).toContain(a);
}
});
it("seedBuiltinAlgorithms is idempotent", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const before = defaultRegistry.algorithms().length;
seedBuiltinAlgorithms();
seedBuiltinAlgorithms();
expect(defaultRegistry.algorithms().length).toBe(before);
});
it("register adds an algorithm and lookup returns it", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
const r = new AlgorithmRegistry();
r.register("stub-1", stub);
expect(r.lookup("stub-1")).toBe(stub);
expect(r.has("stub-1")).toBe(true);
expect(r.algorithms()).toContain("stub-1");
});
it("register throws ALG_UNSUPPORTED on duplicate", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
const r = new AlgorithmRegistry();
r.register("dup", stub);
try {
r.register("dup", stub);
} catch (e) {
expect((e as JwsError).code).toBe(JWS_CODES.ALG_UNSUPPORTED);
return;
}
throw new Error("did-not-throw");
});
it("lookup returns undefined for unknown alg", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
const r = new AlgorithmRegistry();
expect(r.lookup("unknown")).toBeUndefined();
expect(r.has("unknown")).toBe(false);
});
it("lookupOrThrow throws ALG_UNSUPPORTED for unknown alg", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
const r = new AlgorithmRegistry();
try {
r.lookupOrThrow("unknown");
} catch (e) {
expect((e as JwsError).code).toBe(JWS_CODES.ALG_UNSUPPORTED);
return;
}
throw new Error("did-not-throw");
});
});

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import { JWS_CODES, JwsError } from "../errors/error-codes.js";
import { recordError } from "../observability/metrics.js";
import type { AlgorithmImpl } from "./registry.types.js";
/**
* Mutable, in-package registry mapping `alg` identifier → implementation.
* Built-ins are seeded by `algorithms/builtin.ts`'s side-effect import
* from `algorithms/index.ts`. Downstream packages register experimental
* algorithms via {@link AlgorithmRegistry.register}.
*/
export class AlgorithmRegistry {
private readonly map = new Map<string, AlgorithmImpl<unknown>>();
public register<K>(alg: string, impl: AlgorithmImpl<K>): void {
if (this.map.has(alg)) {
const err = new JwsError(
JWS_CODES.ALG_UNSUPPORTED,
"error.jws.alg-already-registered",
{ context: { alg } }
);
recordError(err.code);
throw err;
}
this.map.set(alg, impl as AlgorithmImpl<unknown>);
}
public lookup(alg: string): AlgorithmImpl<unknown> | undefined {
return this.map.get(alg);
}
public lookupOrThrow(alg: string): AlgorithmImpl<unknown> {
const impl = this.map.get(alg);
if (impl === undefined) {
const err = new JwsError(
JWS_CODES.ALG_UNSUPPORTED,
"error.jws.alg-unsupported",
{ context: { alg } }
);
recordError(err.code);
throw err;
}
return impl;
}
public has(alg: string): boolean {
return this.map.has(alg);
}
public algorithms(): readonly string[] {
return [...this.map.keys()];
}
}
/** Shared global registry, seeded with built-ins at module load. */
export const defaultRegistry = new AlgorithmRegistry();

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/**
* RFC 7518 §3 + RFC 8037 algorithm identifier union. The 12 built-ins
* map cleanly to the JOSE IANA registry; `"none"` is included for
* symmetry but rejected by default at the pipeline boundary.
*/
export type JoseAlg =
| "HS256"
| "HS384"
| "HS512"
| "RS256"
| "RS384"
| "RS512"
| "PS256"
| "PS384"
| "PS512"
| "ES256"
| "ES384"
| "ES512"
| "EdDSA"
| "none";
/**
* Algorithm implementation contract. Implementations operate on raw
* bytes — `signingInput` is `BASE64URL(protected) || "." || BASE64URL(payload)`
* (or the raw-payload variant when `b64: false`); `signature` is the
* RFC 7515 §5.2 signature bytes after base64url-decoding the third
* segment.
*
* Async because every primitive (HMAC, RSA, ECDSA, Ed25519) accepts
* Uint8Array and returns Uint8Array synchronously today, but the
* algorithm registry honours future engines that delegate to WebCrypto
* or HSMs.
*/
export interface AlgorithmImpl<K = unknown> {
readonly alg: string;
verify(
signingInput: Uint8Array,
signature: Uint8Array,
key: K
): Promise<boolean>;
sign?(signingInput: Uint8Array, key: K): Promise<Uint8Array>;
}

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# RSASSA-PSS algorithms (`PS256` / `PS384` / `PS512`)
## Purpose
RFC 7518 §3.5 RSASSA-PSS signing and verification. The signing input is hashed, EMSA-PSS-encoded with a random salt, and signed via `@suaveplan/crypto-rsa.rsaSignPss`. The salt length is fixed at the hash output length per RFC 7518 §3.5 ("Salt Length shall be equal to the size of the hash output") — externally-produced signatures with non-matching salt lengths simply fail verify rather than being silently accepted, which catches producers that defaulted to a different PSS profile.
## Features
- `PS256` → RSASSA-PSS + SHA-256 + 32-byte salt.
- `PS384` → RSASSA-PSS + SHA-384 + 48-byte salt.
- `PS512` → RSASSA-PSS + SHA-512 + 64-byte salt.
- MGF1 hash matches the message hash (RFC 7518 §3.5 default).
- Delegates to `@suaveplan/crypto-rsa.rsaSignPss` / `rsaVerifyPss`.
## Usage: Basic Example
```ts
import { generateRsaKeyPair } from "@suaveplan/crypto-rsa";
import { compactSign, compactVerify } from "@suaveplan/jws";
const { publicKey, privateKey } = await generateRsaKeyPair({ modulusLength: 2048 });
const token = await compactSign("hello", privateKey, "PS256");
await compactVerify(token, publicKey, { algorithms: ["PS256"] });
```
## Usage: Advanced Example
```ts
import { ps256 } from "@suaveplan/jws";
// Signature produced with a 16-byte salt instead of 32:
const externalSig = produceFromBadProducer(message, priv, /*saltLen*/ 16);
const ok = await ps256.verify(new TextEncoder().encode("hdr.payload"), externalSig, pub);
// ok === false — salt length mismatch caught by EMSA-PSS-Verify.
// Algorithm-confusion defence: passing an HMAC byte-key throws.
import { JwsError } from "@suaveplan/jws";
try {
await ps256.verify(input, sig, new Uint8Array(32));
} catch (err) {
if (err instanceof JwsError && err.code === "JWS.KEY_ALG_MISMATCH") {
// PSS verify expects an RsaPublicKey, not a raw byte buffer.
}
}
```
## API Reference
- `ps256: AlgorithmImpl<RsaPublicKey | RsaPrivateKey>`
- `ps384: AlgorithmImpl<RsaPublicKey | RsaPrivateKey>`
- `ps512: AlgorithmImpl<RsaPublicKey | RsaPrivateKey>`
`verify` returns `Promise<boolean>`; `sign` returns `Promise<Uint8Array>` whose length matches the modulus (256 bytes for 2048-bit keys).
## Implementation Notes
PSS salt is drawn by `@suaveplan/crypto-rsa.rsaSignPss` via either the caller's optional `Rng` injection or the default RNG (`crypto.getRandomValues`). This means PSS signatures are probabilistic — the same payload signed twice produces two different tokens; tests that need determinism inject a deterministic `Rng`. Verifying with a fixed salt length and rejecting mismatched-salt signatures is a deliberate departure from libraries that auto-detect salt length from the signature length: that auto-detection is the source of many JWT-PSS interop bugs because the auto-detect heuristic disagrees on edge-case modulus sizes.

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import { rsaSignPss } from "@suaveplan/crypto-rsa";
import { describe, expect, it } from "@suaveplan/testing/runner";
import { getRsaTestKey } from "../__fixtures__/deterministic-keys.js";
import {
base64urlEncode,
base64urlEncodeString,
} from "../base64url/base64url.js";
import { JWS_CODES, type JwsError } from "../errors/error-codes.js";
import {
compactSign,
compactVerify,
} from "../serialization/compact/compact.js";
import { ps256, ps384, ps512 } from "./rsa-pss.js";
describe("algorithms / rsa-pss (RSASSA-PSS)", () => {
it("round-trips a PS256 token with 32-byte salt", {
timeout: 30_000,
}, async () => {
const { publicKey, privateKey } = getRsaTestKey();
const tok = await compactSign("hi", privateKey, "PS256");
const r = await compactVerify(tok, publicKey, {
algorithms: ["PS256"],
});
expect(r.verified).toBe(true);
});
it("round-trips a PS384 token", { timeout: 30_000 }, async () => {
const { publicKey, privateKey } = getRsaTestKey();
const tok = await compactSign("hi", privateKey, "PS384");
const r = await compactVerify(tok, publicKey, {
algorithms: ["PS384"],
});
expect(r.verified).toBe(true);
});
it("round-trips a PS512 token", { timeout: 30_000 }, async () => {
const { publicKey, privateKey } = getRsaTestKey();
const tok = await compactSign("hi", privateKey, "PS512");
const r = await compactVerify(tok, publicKey, {
algorithms: ["PS512"],
});
expect(r.verified).toBe(true);
});
it("rejects a PS256 signature with mismatched salt length", {
timeout: 30_000,
}, async () => {
const { publicKey, privateKey } = getRsaTestKey();
// Build the signing input manually then sign with a non-RFC salt
// length so the verifier rejects.
const enc = new TextEncoder();
const protectedB64 = base64urlEncodeString(
JSON.stringify({ alg: "PS256" })
);
const payloadB64 = base64urlEncodeString("hello");
const signingInput = enc.encode(`${protectedB64}.${payloadB64}`);
const sig = rsaSignPss(privateKey, signingInput, {
hash: "SHA-256",
saltLength: 16, // wrong: RFC 7518 mandates 32 for PS256
});
const token = `${protectedB64}.${payloadB64}.${base64urlEncode(sig)}`;
try {
await compactVerify(token, publicKey, { algorithms: ["PS256"] });
} catch (e) {
expect((e as JwsError).code).toBe(JWS_CODES.SIG_INVALID);
return;
}
throw new Error("did-not-throw");
});
it("ps256 rejects non-RSA key shape", { timeout: 5000 }, async () => {
try {
await ps256.verify(
new Uint8Array(4),
new Uint8Array(256),
"not-a-key" as never
);
} catch (e) {
expect((e as JwsError).code).toBe(JWS_CODES.KEY_ALG_MISMATCH);
return;
}
throw new Error("did-not-throw");
});
it("ps384.sign rejects non-RSA key shape", { timeout: 5000 }, async () => {
try {
await (
ps384.sign as (i: Uint8Array, k: unknown) => Promise<Uint8Array>
)(new Uint8Array(4), {} as never);
} catch (e) {
expect((e as JwsError).code).toBe(JWS_CODES.KEY_ALG_MISMATCH);
return;
}
throw new Error("did-not-throw");
});
it("ps512.verify returns false on shape mismatch", {
timeout: 30_000,
}, async () => {
const { publicKey } = getRsaTestKey();
const ok = await ps512.verify(
new Uint8Array(4),
new Uint8Array(8), // length mismatch → throw → swallow → false
publicKey
);
expect(ok).toBe(false);
});
});

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import {
type RsaPrivateKey,
type RsaPublicKey,
rsaSignPss,
rsaVerifyPss,
} from "@suaveplan/crypto-rsa";
import { JWS_CODES, JwsError } from "../errors/error-codes.js";
import { recordError } from "../observability/metrics.js";
import type { AlgorithmImpl } from "./registry.types.js";
const HASH_FOR: Record<string, "SHA-256" | "SHA-384" | "SHA-512"> = {
PS256: "SHA-256",
PS384: "SHA-384",
PS512: "SHA-512",
};
const SALT_LEN_FOR: Record<string, number> = {
PS256: 32,
PS384: 48,
PS512: 64,
};
type RsaKey = RsaPublicKey | RsaPrivateKey;
function assertRsaKey(key: unknown, alg: string): RsaKey {
if (
typeof key !== "object" ||
key === null ||
!("n" in key) ||
!("e" in key) ||
!("bitLength" in key)
) {
const err = new JwsError(
JWS_CODES.KEY_ALG_MISMATCH,
"error.jws.rsa-key-type",
{ context: { alg } }
);
recordError(err.code);
throw err;
}
return key as RsaKey;
}
/**
* RSASSA-PSS JWS algorithm impl (RFC 7518 §3.5). Salt length is fixed
* at the hash output length per RFC 7518 §3.5: "Salt Length shall be
* equal to the size of the hash output". Mismatched-salt signatures
* produced externally will simply fail verify.
*/
function makePss(alg: "PS256" | "PS384" | "PS512"): AlgorithmImpl<RsaKey> {
const hash = HASH_FOR[alg] as "SHA-256" | "SHA-384" | "SHA-512";
const saltLength = SALT_LEN_FOR[alg] as number;
return {
alg,
verify: async (signingInput, signature, key) => {
const k = assertRsaKey(key, alg);
try {
return rsaVerifyPss(k, signingInput, signature, {
hash,
saltLength,
});
} catch {
return false;
}
},
sign: async (signingInput, key) => {
const k = assertRsaKey(key, alg) as RsaPrivateKey;
return rsaSignPss(k, signingInput, { hash, saltLength });
},
};
}
export const ps256 = makePss("PS256");
export const ps384 = makePss("PS384");
export const ps512 = makePss("PS512");

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# RSASSA-PKCS1-v1_5 algorithms (`RS256` / `RS384` / `RS512`)
## Purpose
RFC 7518 §3.3 RSASSA-PKCS1-v1_5 signing and verification. The signing input is hashed with SHA-256/SHA-384/SHA-512 respectively, EMSA-PKCS1-v1_5-encoded to the modulus length, and signed via the modular-exponentiation primitive from `@suaveplan/crypto-rsa`. This is the dominant JWS algorithm in production (OAuth/OIDC JWT signing, SafetyNet, Apple App Attest, GitHub workflow tokens) and the algorithm `webauthn` is unblocked on.
## Features
- `RS256` → RSASSA-PKCS1-v1_5 + SHA-256.
- `RS384` → RSASSA-PKCS1-v1_5 + SHA-384.
- `RS512` → RSASSA-PKCS1-v1_5 + SHA-512.
- Delegates to `@suaveplan/crypto-rsa`'s `rsaVerifyPkcs1v15` / `rsaSignPkcs1v15`.
- Key shape: `RsaPublicKey` (verify) / `RsaPrivateKey` (sign) — both from `@suaveplan/crypto-rsa`.
## Usage: Basic Example
```ts
import { generateRsaKeyPair, parseRsaPublicKeyJwk } from "@suaveplan/crypto-rsa";
import { compactSign, compactVerify } from "@suaveplan/jws";
const { publicKey, privateKey } = await generateRsaKeyPair({ modulusLength: 2048 });
const token = await compactSign("hello", privateKey, "RS256");
const r = await compactVerify(token, publicKey, { algorithms: ["RS256"] });
```
## Usage: Advanced Example
```ts
import { parseRsaPublicKey } from "@suaveplan/crypto-rsa";
import { compactVerify, rs256 } from "@suaveplan/jws";
// Verify a JWS whose key arrived as a DER-encoded SPKI from a registry:
const spkiDer = await fetch("/.well-known/jwks-spki.der").then((r) => r.bytes());
const pub = parseRsaPublicKey(spkiDer, { format: "spki" });
const result = await compactVerify(token, pub, {
algorithms: ["RS256", "RS384"],
});
// Direct-impl access (e.g. signing custom binary payloads):
const sig = await rs256.sign!(signingInput, priv);
```
## API Reference
- `rs256: AlgorithmImpl<RsaPublicKey | RsaPrivateKey>`
- `rs384: AlgorithmImpl<RsaPublicKey | RsaPrivateKey>`
- `rs512: AlgorithmImpl<RsaPublicKey | RsaPrivateKey>`
Each `verify` returns `Promise<boolean>`; each `sign` returns `Promise<Uint8Array>` of length `Math.ceil(bitLength/8)`. Non-RSA-shaped keys throw `JwsError(JWS.KEY_ALG_MISMATCH)`.
## Implementation Notes
This module is a thin façade over `@suaveplan/crypto-rsa` — it never reimplements PKCS#1 v2.2 or modular arithmetic. Verification swallows any low-level `CryptoRsaError` and returns `false` so structural malformation surfaces as `JWS.SIG_INVALID` at the pipeline level rather than leaking RSA-package-internal codes; signing propagates because a sign-side error means the caller's key is structurally wrong (modulus too short, missing CRT parameters, etc.) and they need the precise diagnostic. RSA private operations in `@suaveplan/crypto-rsa` run through CRT and apply RSA blinding (Kocher 1996 timing-attack defence) by default.

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import { parseRsaPublicKeyJwk } from "@suaveplan/crypto-rsa";
import { describe, expect, it } from "@suaveplan/testing/runner";
import { getRsaTestKey } from "../__fixtures__/deterministic-keys.js";
import {
A2_JWK_E,
A2_JWK_N,
A2_TOKEN,
} from "../__fixtures__/rfc7515-vectors.js";
import { JWS_CODES, type JwsError } from "../errors/error-codes.js";
import {
compactSign,
compactVerify,
} from "../serialization/compact/compact.js";
import { rs256, rs384, rs512 } from "./rsa.js";
describe("algorithms / rsa (RSASSA-PKCS1-v1_5)", () => {
it("verifies the RFC 7515 Appendix A.2 RS256 vector", {
timeout: 30_000,
}, async () => {
const key = parseRsaPublicKeyJwk({
kty: "RSA",
n: A2_JWK_N,
e: A2_JWK_E,
});
const result = await compactVerify(A2_TOKEN, key, {
algorithms: ["RS256"],
});
expect(result.verified).toBe(true);
expect(result.header.alg).toBe("RS256");
});
it("round-trips an RS384 token", { timeout: 30_000 }, async () => {
const { publicKey, privateKey } = getRsaTestKey();
const tok = await compactSign(
JSON.stringify({ sub: "abc" }),
privateKey,
"RS384"
);
const r = await compactVerify(tok, publicKey, {
algorithms: ["RS384"],
});
expect(r.verified).toBe(true);
});
it("round-trips an RS512 token", { timeout: 30_000 }, async () => {
const { publicKey, privateKey } = getRsaTestKey();
const tok = await compactSign("hi", privateKey, "RS512");
const r = await compactVerify(tok, publicKey, {
algorithms: ["RS512"],
});
expect(r.verified).toBe(true);
});
it("round-trips an RS256 token", { timeout: 30_000 }, async () => {
const { publicKey, privateKey } = getRsaTestKey();
const tok = await compactSign("body", privateKey, "RS256");
const r = await compactVerify(tok, publicKey, {
algorithms: ["RS256"],
});
expect(r.verified).toBe(true);
});
it("rejects a tampered RS256 signature", {
timeout: 30_000,
}, async () => {
const key = parseRsaPublicKeyJwk({
kty: "RSA",
n: A2_JWK_N,
e: A2_JWK_E,
});
const parts = A2_TOKEN.split(".");
const sig = parts[2] as string;
const flipped = sig.charAt(0) === "A" ? "B" : "A";
const tampered = `${parts[0]}.${parts[1]}.${flipped}${sig.slice(1)}`;
try {
await compactVerify(tampered, key, { algorithms: ["RS256"] });
} catch (e) {
expect((e as JwsError).code).toBe(JWS_CODES.SIG_INVALID);
return;
}
throw new Error("did-not-throw");
});
it("rs256.verify returns false when crypto-rsa throws", {
timeout: 30_000,
}, async () => {
// Signature byte-length mismatch makes rsaVerifyPkcs1v15 throw;
// the adapter swallows to `return false`.
const { publicKey } = getRsaTestKey();
const ok = await rs256.verify(
new Uint8Array(4),
new Uint8Array(8), // far too short
publicKey
);
expect(ok).toBe(false);
});
it("rejects non-RSA key shape", { timeout: 5000 }, async () => {
try {
await rs256.verify(
new Uint8Array(4),
new Uint8Array(256),
"not-a-key" as never
);
} catch (e) {
expect((e as JwsError).code).toBe(JWS_CODES.KEY_ALG_MISMATCH);
return;
}
throw new Error("did-not-throw");
});
it("rs384.sign rejects non-RSA key shape", {
timeout: 5000,
}, async () => {
try {
await (
rs384.sign as (i: Uint8Array, k: unknown) => Promise<Uint8Array>
)(new Uint8Array(4), {} as never);
} catch (e) {
expect((e as JwsError).code).toBe(JWS_CODES.KEY_ALG_MISMATCH);
return;
}
throw new Error("did-not-throw");
});
it("rs512 rejects non-RSA key shape", { timeout: 5000 }, async () => {
try {
await rs512.verify(
new Uint8Array(4),
new Uint8Array(256),
{} as never
);
} catch (e) {
expect((e as JwsError).code).toBe(JWS_CODES.KEY_ALG_MISMATCH);
return;
}
throw new Error("did-not-throw");
});
});

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import {
type RsaPrivateKey,
type RsaPublicKey,
rsaSignPkcs1v15,
rsaVerifyPkcs1v15,
} from "@suaveplan/crypto-rsa";
import { JWS_CODES, JwsError } from "../errors/error-codes.js";
import { recordError } from "../observability/metrics.js";
import type { AlgorithmImpl } from "./registry.types.js";
const HASH_FOR: Record<string, "SHA-256" | "SHA-384" | "SHA-512"> = {
RS256: "SHA-256",
RS384: "SHA-384",
RS512: "SHA-512",
};
type RsaKey = RsaPublicKey | RsaPrivateKey;
function assertRsaKey(key: unknown, alg: string): RsaKey {
if (
typeof key !== "object" ||
key === null ||
!("n" in key) ||
!("e" in key) ||
!("bitLength" in key)
) {
const err = new JwsError(
JWS_CODES.KEY_ALG_MISMATCH,
"error.jws.rsa-key-type",
{ context: { alg } }
);
recordError(err.code);
throw err;
}
return key as RsaKey;
}
/**
* RSASSA-PKCS1-v1_5 JWS algorithm impl (RFC 7518 §3.3). Delegates to
* `@suaveplan/crypto-rsa`'s `rsaVerifyPkcs1v15` / `rsaSignPkcs1v15`
* which handle PKCS#1 v2.2 EMSA-PKCS1-v1_5 padding and the modular
* exponentiation directly over `bigint`.
*/
function makeRsa(alg: "RS256" | "RS384" | "RS512"): AlgorithmImpl<RsaKey> {
const hash = HASH_FOR[alg] as "SHA-256" | "SHA-384" | "SHA-512";
return {
alg,
verify: async (signingInput, signature, key) => {
const k = assertRsaKey(key, alg);
try {
return rsaVerifyPkcs1v15(k, signingInput, signature, { hash });
} catch {
return false;
}
},
sign: async (signingInput, key) => {
const k = assertRsaKey(key, alg) as RsaPrivateKey;
return rsaSignPkcs1v15(k, signingInput, { hash });
},
};
}
export const rs256 = makeRsa("RS256");
export const rs384 = makeRsa("RS384");
export const rs512 = makeRsa("RS512");

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# `base64url`
<!-- begin:auto-docs -->
_(no submodules)_
<!-- end:auto-docs -->
## Purpose
RFC 7515 Appendix C base64url codec. Every JWS segment (protected header, payload, signature) is base64url-encoded with no padding and the URL-safe alphabet (`-`/`_` in place of `+`/`/`); this module owns the byte-level encode/decode contract that every other module in the package builds on. The codec is strict — padding (`=`), standard-alphabet bytes, whitespace, and any byte outside the URL alphabet all surface as `JwsError(JWS.BASE64URL_INVALID)` rather than degrading into a silent shift in the decoded output. Strictness is load-bearing because lenient codecs in popular JOSE libraries have historically masked malformed-token vulnerabilities by quietly accepting tokens that violate the framing rules.
## Features
- `base64urlEncode(bytes)` — encode `Uint8Array` to URL-safe base64.
- `base64urlDecode(input)` — strict decode that rejects padding, std-alphabet, whitespace, and partial-byte length residues.
- `base64urlEncodeString(value)` — encode a UTF-8 string in one call.
- `base64urlDecodeJson(input)` — decode + `JSON.parse` + object-shape check for header parsing.
- Tail-bit validation: trailing bits in the partial last group must be zero.
## Usage: Basic Example
```ts
import { base64urlDecode, base64urlEncode } from "@suaveplan/jws";
const enc = base64urlEncode(new Uint8Array([0xde, 0xad, 0xbe, 0xef]));
// "3q2-7w"
const dec = base64urlDecode("3q2-7w");
// Uint8Array [0xde, 0xad, 0xbe, 0xef]
```
## Usage: Advanced Example
```ts
import { base64urlDecodeJson, JwsError } from "@suaveplan/jws";
try {
const header = base64urlDecodeJson("eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9");
// { alg: "HS256" }
} catch (err) {
if (err instanceof JwsError && err.code === "JWS.BASE64URL_INVALID") {
// Decoder rejected padding / std-alphabet / non-URL-alphabet character.
}
if (err instanceof JwsError && err.code === "JWS.HEADER_MALFORMED") {
// Decoded bytes were not a JSON object.
}
}
```
## API Reference
- `base64urlEncode(bytes: Uint8Array): string`
- `base64urlDecode(input: string): Uint8Array` — throws `JwsError(JWS.BASE64URL_INVALID)`.
- `base64urlEncodeString(value: string): string`
- `base64urlDecodeJson(input: string): Record<string, unknown>` — throws `JwsError(JWS.HEADER_MALFORMED)` when bytes are not a JSON object.
- `BASE64URL_ALPHABET: string`
- `BASE64_STD_ALPHABET: string`
## Implementation Notes
The decoder builds an `Int8Array` lookup table at module init so per-byte dispatch is a single array index. The first pass over the input rejects every invalid byte before allocating the output buffer; this means malformed input fails fast with bounded work rather than producing garbage bytes that the caller has to validate downstream. Tail-bit checks (`(c1 & 0x0f) !== 0` for 2-byte groups, `(c2 & 0x03) !== 0` for 3-byte groups) catch base64 encoders that emit non-canonical encodings — these are equivalent to padding errors and would break byte-identical round-trips against the RFC 7515 Appendix A vectors if accepted.

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import { describe, expect, it } from "@suaveplan/testing/runner";
import { JWS_CODES, JwsError } from "../errors/error-codes.js";
import {
BASE64_STD_ALPHABET,
BASE64URL_ALPHABET,
base64urlDecode,
base64urlDecodeJson,
base64urlEncode,
base64urlEncodeString,
} from "./base64url.js";
describe("base64url", () => {
it("round-trips an empty buffer", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const enc = base64urlEncode(new Uint8Array(0));
expect(enc).toBe("");
const dec = base64urlDecode("");
expect(dec).toEqual(new Uint8Array(0));
});
it("encodes single-byte input with 2-char tail", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const enc = base64urlEncode(new Uint8Array([0x4d]));
expect(enc).toBe("TQ");
expect(base64urlDecode(enc)).toEqual(new Uint8Array([0x4d]));
});
it("encodes two-byte input with 3-char tail", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const enc = base64urlEncode(new Uint8Array([0x4d, 0x61]));
expect(enc).toBe("TWE");
expect(base64urlDecode(enc)).toEqual(new Uint8Array([0x4d, 0x61]));
});
it("encodes three-byte input with no tail", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const enc = base64urlEncode(new Uint8Array([0x4d, 0x61, 0x6e]));
expect(enc).toBe("TWFu");
expect(base64urlDecode(enc)).toEqual(
new Uint8Array([0x4d, 0x61, 0x6e])
);
});
it("uses URL-safe alphabet (- and _)", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const bytes = new Uint8Array([0xfb, 0xff, 0xbf]);
const enc = base64urlEncode(bytes);
expect(enc).toContain("-");
expect(enc).toContain("_");
expect(base64urlDecode(enc)).toEqual(bytes);
});
it("rejects padding `=`", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
try {
base64urlDecode("TQ==");
throw new Error("did-not-throw");
} catch (err) {
expect(err).toBeInstanceOf(JwsError);
expect((err as JwsError).code).toBe(JWS_CODES.BASE64URL_INVALID);
}
});
it("rejects standard-alphabet `+`", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
try {
base64urlDecode("a+b");
} catch (err) {
expect((err as JwsError).code).toBe(JWS_CODES.BASE64URL_INVALID);
return;
}
throw new Error("did-not-throw");
});
it("rejects standard-alphabet `/`", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
try {
base64urlDecode("a/b");
} catch (err) {
expect((err as JwsError).code).toBe(JWS_CODES.BASE64URL_INVALID);
return;
}
throw new Error("did-not-throw");
});
it("rejects whitespace LF/CR/space/TAB", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
for (const w of ["a\nb", "a\rb", "a b", "a\tb"]) {
try {
base64urlDecode(w);
throw new Error(`did-not-throw for ${JSON.stringify(w)}`);
} catch (err) {
expect((err as JwsError).code).toBe(
JWS_CODES.BASE64URL_INVALID
);
}
}
});
it("rejects non-alphabet bytes", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
try {
base64urlDecode("a!b");
} catch (err) {
expect((err as JwsError).code).toBe(JWS_CODES.BASE64URL_INVALID);
return;
}
throw new Error("did-not-throw");
});
it("rejects length-mod-1 inputs", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
try {
base64urlDecode("a");
} catch (err) {
expect((err as JwsError).code).toBe(JWS_CODES.BASE64URL_INVALID);
return;
}
throw new Error("did-not-throw");
});
it("rejects 2-char tail with non-zero trailing bits", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
// "TR" → c1 = 17; (17 & 0x0f) = 1, non-zero → invalid-tail-bits
try {
base64urlDecode("TR");
} catch (err) {
expect((err as JwsError).code).toBe(JWS_CODES.BASE64URL_INVALID);
return;
}
throw new Error("did-not-throw");
});
it("rejects 3-char tail with non-zero trailing bits", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
// Find a "TWB" where c2 has low bits set. TWB: T=19,W=22,B=1; c2=1, c2&0x03=1.
try {
base64urlDecode("TWB");
} catch (err) {
expect((err as JwsError).code).toBe(JWS_CODES.BASE64URL_INVALID);
return;
}
throw new Error("did-not-throw");
});
it("encodes UTF-8 strings via base64urlEncodeString", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
const enc = base64urlEncodeString("Man");
expect(enc).toBe("TWFu");
});
it("base64urlDecodeJson decodes a valid JSON object", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
const enc = base64urlEncodeString(JSON.stringify({ a: 1, b: "x" }));
const obj = base64urlDecodeJson(enc);
expect(obj).toEqual({ a: 1, b: "x" });
});
it("base64urlDecodeJson throws HEADER_MALFORMED on invalid UTF-8", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
const bad = base64urlEncode(new Uint8Array([0xff, 0xfe, 0xfd]));
try {
base64urlDecodeJson(bad);
} catch (err) {
expect((err as JwsError).code).toBe(JWS_CODES.HEADER_MALFORMED);
return;
}
throw new Error("did-not-throw");
});
it("base64urlDecodeJson throws HEADER_MALFORMED on non-object root", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
const arr = base64urlEncodeString("[1,2,3]");
try {
base64urlDecodeJson(arr);
} catch (err) {
expect((err as JwsError).code).toBe(JWS_CODES.HEADER_MALFORMED);
}
const nul = base64urlEncodeString("null");
try {
base64urlDecodeJson(nul);
} catch (err) {
expect((err as JwsError).code).toBe(JWS_CODES.HEADER_MALFORMED);
}
const prim = base64urlEncodeString("42");
try {
base64urlDecodeJson(prim);
} catch (err) {
expect((err as JwsError).code).toBe(JWS_CODES.HEADER_MALFORMED);
}
});
it("alphabet constants match RFC 7515 / RFC 4648", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
expect(BASE64URL_ALPHABET).toMatch(/^[A-Za-z0-9_-]+$/);
expect(BASE64URL_ALPHABET.length).toBe(64);
expect(BASE64_STD_ALPHABET).toContain("+");
expect(BASE64_STD_ALPHABET).toContain("/");
expect(BASE64_STD_ALPHABET.length).toBe(64);
});
it("decodes a long random round-trip", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const bytes = new Uint8Array(257);
for (let i = 0; i < bytes.length; i++) bytes[i] = (i * 7 + 13) & 0xff;
const enc = base64urlEncode(bytes);
expect(base64urlDecode(enc)).toEqual(bytes);
});
});

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import { JWS_CODES, JwsError } from "../errors/error-codes.js";
import { recordError } from "../observability/metrics.js";
const STD_ALPHABET =
"ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/";
const URL_ALPHABET =
"ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789-_";
/* Build a decoding table for the URL alphabet. -1 = invalid byte. */
const DECODE_TABLE: Int8Array = (() => {
const t = new Int8Array(256).fill(-1);
for (let i = 0; i < URL_ALPHABET.length; i++) {
t[URL_ALPHABET.charCodeAt(i)] = i;
}
return t;
})();
function fail(reason: string): never {
const err = new JwsError(
JWS_CODES.BASE64URL_INVALID,
"error.jws.base64url-invalid",
{ context: { reason } }
);
recordError(err.code);
throw err;
}
/**
* Encode raw bytes to RFC 7515 Appendix C base64url (no padding,
* URL-safe alphabet).
*/
export function base64urlEncode(bytes: Uint8Array): string {
const c = (n: number): string => URL_ALPHABET.charAt(n);
let out = "";
const len = bytes.length;
let i = 0;
for (; i + 2 < len; i += 3) {
const b0 = bytes[i] as number;
const b1 = bytes[i + 1] as number;
const b2 = bytes[i + 2] as number;
out +=
c(b0 >> 2) +
c(((b0 & 0x03) << 4) | (b1 >> 4)) +
c(((b1 & 0x0f) << 2) | (b2 >> 6)) +
c(b2 & 0x3f);
}
const remaining = len - i;
if (remaining === 1) {
const b0 = bytes[i] as number;
out += c(b0 >> 2) + c((b0 & 0x03) << 4);
} else if (remaining === 2) {
const b0 = bytes[i] as number;
const b1 = bytes[i + 1] as number;
out +=
c(b0 >> 2) +
c(((b0 & 0x03) << 4) | (b1 >> 4)) +
c((b1 & 0x0f) << 2);
}
return out;
}
/**
* Decode an RFC 7515 Appendix C base64url string. Strict: rejects
* padding (`=`), standard-alphabet bytes (`+` / `/`), whitespace, and
* any other byte outside the URL alphabet. Empty string decodes to a
* zero-length `Uint8Array`.
*
* @throws JwsError(JWS.BASE64URL_INVALID) on any malformed character.
*/
export function base64urlDecode(input: string): Uint8Array {
if (input.length === 0) return new Uint8Array(0);
// Reject explicit padding and non-URL-alphabet characters up-front so
// the failure mode is a typed error rather than a silent decode shift.
for (let i = 0; i < input.length; i++) {
const c = input.charCodeAt(i);
if (c === 0x3d) fail("padding-not-permitted");
if (
c === 0x2b /* + */ ||
c === 0x2f /* / */ ||
c === 0x0a ||
c === 0x0d ||
c === 0x20 ||
c === 0x09
) {
fail("non-url-alphabet");
}
if ((DECODE_TABLE[c] as number) < 0) fail("non-url-alphabet");
}
const mod = input.length % 4;
if (mod === 1) fail("invalid-length");
const fullGroups = (input.length / 4) | 0;
const tailLen = mod === 0 ? 0 : mod === 2 ? 1 : 2;
const outLen = fullGroups * 3 + tailLen;
const out = new Uint8Array(outLen);
let oi = 0;
let ii = 0;
for (let g = 0; g < fullGroups; g++) {
const c0 = DECODE_TABLE[input.charCodeAt(ii++)] as number;
const c1 = DECODE_TABLE[input.charCodeAt(ii++)] as number;
const c2 = DECODE_TABLE[input.charCodeAt(ii++)] as number;
const c3 = DECODE_TABLE[input.charCodeAt(ii++)] as number;
out[oi++] = (c0 << 2) | (c1 >> 4);
out[oi++] = ((c1 & 0x0f) << 4) | (c2 >> 2);
out[oi++] = ((c2 & 0x03) << 6) | c3;
}
if (mod === 2) {
const c0 = DECODE_TABLE[input.charCodeAt(ii++)] as number;
const c1 = DECODE_TABLE[input.charCodeAt(ii++)] as number;
if ((c1 & 0x0f) !== 0) fail("invalid-tail-bits");
out[oi++] = (c0 << 2) | (c1 >> 4);
} else if (mod === 3) {
const c0 = DECODE_TABLE[input.charCodeAt(ii++)] as number;
const c1 = DECODE_TABLE[input.charCodeAt(ii++)] as number;
const c2 = DECODE_TABLE[input.charCodeAt(ii++)] as number;
if ((c2 & 0x03) !== 0) fail("invalid-tail-bits");
out[oi++] = (c0 << 2) | (c1 >> 4);
out[oi++] = ((c1 & 0x0f) << 4) | (c2 >> 2);
}
return out;
}
/**
* Decode a JSON object that was base64url-encoded. Convenience wrapper
* for header parsing.
*
* @throws JwsError(JWS.HEADER_MALFORMED) when the decoded bytes are not
* a JSON object.
*/
export function base64urlDecodeJson(input: string): Record<string, unknown> {
const bytes = base64urlDecode(input);
let parsed: unknown;
try {
parsed = JSON.parse(
new TextDecoder("utf-8", { fatal: true }).decode(bytes)
);
} catch (cause) {
const err = new JwsError(
JWS_CODES.HEADER_MALFORMED,
"error.jws.header-not-json",
{ cause }
);
recordError(err.code);
throw err;
}
if (
parsed === null ||
typeof parsed !== "object" ||
Array.isArray(parsed)
) {
const err = new JwsError(
JWS_CODES.HEADER_MALFORMED,
"error.jws.header-not-object"
);
recordError(err.code);
throw err;
}
return parsed as Record<string, unknown>;
}
/** Encode a string as base64url-encoded UTF-8 bytes. */
export function base64urlEncodeString(value: string): string {
return base64urlEncode(new TextEncoder().encode(value));
}
/** Re-export std alphabet for tests / docs. */
export const BASE64URL_ALPHABET = URL_ALPHABET;
/** Re-export standard alphabet for tests that exercise rejection. */
export const BASE64_STD_ALPHABET = STD_ALPHABET;

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export {
BASE64_STD_ALPHABET,
BASE64URL_ALPHABET,
base64urlDecode,
base64urlDecodeJson,
base64urlEncode,
base64urlEncodeString,
} from "./base64url.js";

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# Detached payload (RFC 7515 §A.5)
<!-- begin:auto-docs -->
_(no submodules)_
<!-- end:auto-docs -->
## Purpose
RFC 7515 §A.5 / Appendix F detached form. The payload travels separately from the JWS — the compact-form token has an empty middle segment (`<header>..<sig>`) and the verifier supplies the payload bytes out-of-band via `opts.detachedPayload`. This is the canonical pattern when the payload is large (avoid double-encoding) or already lives somewhere addressable (file body, HTTP body, blob storage).
## Features
- `detachedSign(payload, key, alg, opts?)` — emits a compact token with empty middle segment.
- `detachedVerify(token, key, opts)` — sugar over `compactVerify` with `opts.detachedPayload`.
- Missing `detachedPayload` at verify time → `JWS.INVALID_OPTIONS`.
- Compatible with `b64: false` — raw-byte payloads also work in detached form.
## Usage: Basic Example
```ts
import { detachedSign, detachedVerify } from "@suaveplan/jws";
const token = await detachedSign("hello", secret, "HS256");
// token === "<header>..<sig>"
const result = await detachedVerify(token, secret, {
algorithms: ["HS256"],
detachedPayload: "hello",
});
```
## Usage: Advanced Example
```ts
import { compactVerify, detachedSign, JwsError } from "@suaveplan/jws";
// Sign a large blob without embedding it in the token:
const blob = await fetch("/big.bin").then((r) => r.bytes());
const token = await detachedSign(blob, key, "ES256");
// Later, given the token + blob (e.g. as separate Content-* headers):
const verified = await compactVerify(token, pub, {
algorithms: ["ES256"],
detachedPayload: blob, // Uint8Array also accepted
});
// Forgot to pass detachedPayload?
try {
await compactVerify(token, pub, { algorithms: ["ES256"] });
} catch (err) {
if (err instanceof JwsError && err.code === "JWS.INVALID_OPTIONS") {
// Empty middle segment without out-of-band payload supplied.
}
}
```
## API Reference
- `detachedSign(payload, key, alg, opts?: Omit<SignOptions, "detached">): Promise<string>`
- `detachedVerify(token, key, opts: VerifyOptions): Promise<VerifyResult>`
`detachedSign` is sugar for `compactSign(..., { ...opts, detached: true })`. `detachedVerify` is identity-forward to `compactVerify` — the actual logic lives in the verify pipeline.
## Implementation Notes
The verify pipeline detects detached tokens by an empty middle segment + `opts.detachedPayload !== undefined`. When detected, the payload is re-base64url-encoded (or stringified for `b64: false`) before computing the signing input, so the on-wire signing input bytes match what the signer would have produced. This means the same `compactVerify` entry point handles attached AND detached tokens — `detachedVerify` is purely an ergonomic alias.

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import { describe, expect, it } from "@suaveplan/testing/runner";
import {
A1_ENCODED_HEADER,
A1_ENCODED_PAYLOAD,
A1_SIGNATURE_B64URL,
a1HmacKey,
} from "../__fixtures__/rfc7515-vectors.js";
import { JWS_CODES, type JwsError } from "../errors/error-codes.js";
import {
compactSign,
compactVerify,
} from "../serialization/compact/compact.js";
import { detachedSign, detachedVerify } from "./detached.js";
const KEY = new Uint8Array(32).fill(0x66);
describe("detached / sign + verify", () => {
it("compactSign with detached: true emits empty middle segment", {
timeout: 5000,
}, async () => {
const tok = await compactSign("data", KEY, "HS256", { detached: true });
const parts = tok.split(".");
expect(parts.length).toBe(3);
expect(parts[1]).toBe("");
});
it("compactVerify accepts detachedPayload out-of-band", {
timeout: 5000,
}, async () => {
const tok = await compactSign("data", KEY, "HS256", { detached: true });
const r = await compactVerify(tok, KEY, {
algorithms: ["HS256"],
detachedPayload: "data",
});
expect(r.verified).toBe(true);
expect(r.payloadString).toBe("data");
});
it("compactVerify on a detached token without detachedPayload throws INVALID_OPTIONS", {
timeout: 5000,
}, async () => {
const tok = await compactSign("data", KEY, "HS256", { detached: true });
try {
await compactVerify(tok, KEY, { algorithms: ["HS256"] });
} catch (e) {
expect((e as JwsError).code).toBe(JWS_CODES.INVALID_OPTIONS);
return;
}
throw new Error("did-not-throw");
});
it("detachedSign + detachedVerify round-trip", {
timeout: 5000,
}, async () => {
const tok = await detachedSign("data", KEY, "HS256");
const r = await detachedVerify(tok, KEY, {
algorithms: ["HS256"],
detachedPayload: "data",
});
expect(r.verified).toBe(true);
});
it("verifies the RFC 7515 Appendix A.5 detached vector", {
timeout: 5000,
}, async () => {
// Build A.5 detached form from A.1 components — same header,
// empty middle, same signature.
const detachedTok = `${A1_ENCODED_HEADER}..${A1_SIGNATURE_B64URL}`;
const r = await compactVerify(detachedTok, a1HmacKey(), {
algorithms: ["HS256"],
detachedPayload: new TextEncoder().encode(
new TextDecoder().decode(
(await import("../base64url/base64url.js")).base64urlDecode(
A1_ENCODED_PAYLOAD
)
)
),
});
expect(r.verified).toBe(true);
});
it("compactVerify accepts Uint8Array detachedPayload", {
timeout: 5000,
}, async () => {
const tok = await compactSign("data", KEY, "HS256", { detached: true });
const r = await compactVerify(tok, KEY, {
algorithms: ["HS256"],
detachedPayload: new TextEncoder().encode("data"),
});
expect(r.verified).toBe(true);
});
it("detached + b64:false round-trip with Uint8Array payload", {
timeout: 5000,
}, async () => {
const tok = await compactSign("raw-data", KEY, "HS256", {
protectedHeader: { crit: ["b64"] },
b64: false,
detached: true,
});
// Middle segment should be empty.
expect(tok.split(".")[1]).toBe("");
const r = await compactVerify(tok, KEY, {
algorithms: ["HS256"],
acceptableCriticalHeaders: ["b64"],
detachedPayload: new TextEncoder().encode("raw-data"),
});
expect(r.verified).toBe(true);
});
it("detached + b64:false round-trip with string payload", {
timeout: 5000,
}, async () => {
const tok = await compactSign("raw-data", KEY, "HS256", {
protectedHeader: { crit: ["b64"] },
b64: false,
detached: true,
});
const r = await compactVerify(tok, KEY, {
algorithms: ["HS256"],
acceptableCriticalHeaders: ["b64"],
detachedPayload: "raw-data",
});
expect(r.verified).toBe(true);
});
});

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import {
compactSign,
compactVerify,
} from "../serialization/compact/compact.js";
import type { SignOptions } from "../sign/sign.types.js";
import type { VerifyOptions, VerifyResult } from "../verify/verify.types.js";
/**
* Compact-detached sign per RFC 7515 §A.5. Emits a token of the form
* `<header>..<sig>` — the middle (payload) segment is empty; the
* payload travels out-of-band.
*/
export function detachedSign(
payload: string | Uint8Array,
key: unknown,
alg: string,
opts: Omit<SignOptions, "detached"> = {}
): Promise<string> {
return compactSign(payload, key, alg, { ...opts, detached: true });
}
/**
* Compact-detached verify per RFC 7515 §A.5. The caller supplies the
* payload bytes out-of-band via `opts.detachedPayload`; the signing
* input is reconstituted from `BASE64URL(protected) || "." ||
* BASE64URL(payload)` (or the raw form when `b64: false`).
*/
export function detachedVerify(
token: string,
key: unknown,
opts: VerifyOptions
): Promise<VerifyResult> {
return compactVerify(token, key, opts);
}

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export {
detachedSign,
detachedVerify,
} from "./detached.js";

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# `error-codes`
<!-- begin:auto-docs -->
_(no submodules)_
<!-- end:auto-docs -->
## Purpose
Frozen registry of the 18 typed error codes raised by `@suaveplan/jws`. Each code maps to a distinct RFC 7515 §4.1 / §5.2 / §7 failure class (or to one of the boundary refusals layered on top by the suaveplan conventions: Zod option validation, AbortSignal honouring, alg-confusion defence). The registry is the single source of truth — `JwsErrorCode` is pinned to the registry literal via `expectTypeOf`, and every code is thrown by at least one production code path so callers can branch on `error.code` without worrying about dead codes leaking into the public type.
## Features
- `JWS_CODES` — the 18-entry frozen registry from `@suaveplan/error.defineCodes`.
- `JwsErrorCode` — literal-union derived from `JWS_CODES`.
- `JwsError` — concrete `SuaveplanError<JwsErrorCode>` subclass; every public-API error thrown by this package is a `JwsError`.
## Usage: Basic Example
```ts
import { compactVerify, JwsError } from "@suaveplan/jws";
try {
await compactVerify(token, key, { algorithms: ["RS256"] });
} catch (err) {
if (err instanceof JwsError && err.code === "JWS.ALG_NOT_ALLOWED") {
// Token presented an alg outside the caller's allowlist.
}
}
```
## Usage: Advanced Example
```ts
import { JWS_CODES, JwsError, type JwsErrorCode } from "@suaveplan/jws";
function classify(err: unknown): "client" | "server" | "neutral" {
if (!(err instanceof JwsError)) return "neutral";
const code: JwsErrorCode = err.code;
switch (code) {
case JWS_CODES.MALFORMED:
case JWS_CODES.HEADER_MALFORMED:
case JWS_CODES.BASE64URL_INVALID:
case JWS_CODES.SIG_INVALID:
case JWS_CODES.SIG_FORMAT_INVALID:
case JWS_CODES.JWK_INVALID:
case JWS_CODES.X5C_CHAIN_INVALID:
case JWS_CODES.CRIT_UNRECOGNIZED:
case JWS_CODES.CRIT_MALFORMED:
case JWS_CODES.B64_INVALID:
case JWS_CODES.MULTI_SIG_FAILED:
return "client";
case JWS_CODES.ALG_UNSUPPORTED:
case JWS_CODES.ALG_NOT_ALLOWED:
case JWS_CODES.ALG_NONE_DISABLED:
case JWS_CODES.KEY_NOT_FOUND:
case JWS_CODES.KEY_ALG_MISMATCH:
case JWS_CODES.INVALID_OPTIONS:
case JWS_CODES.ABORTED:
return "server";
}
}
```
## API Reference
- `JWS_CODES: { readonly [Key in NamedKey]:`JWS.${Key}`}` — the registry.
- `JwsErrorCode = (typeof JWS_CODES)[keyof typeof JWS_CODES]` — `"JWS.MALFORMED" | "JWS.HEADER_MALFORMED" | ...`.
- `class JwsError extends SuaveplanError<JwsErrorCode>` — `new JwsError(code, messageKey, options?)`.
## Implementation Notes
The registry uses `defineCodes("JWS", [...] as const)` from `@suaveplan/error`, which prefixes each entry with `JWS.` so codes never collide with sibling packages (`X509.*`, `CRYPTO_RSA.*`, etc.). The `as const` is load-bearing: it pins the literal-string type so `JwsErrorCode` is a precise union and not a bare `string`. Adding a new code requires updating the registry, the `expectTypeOf` assertion in the test suite, AND a production code path that throws it — the conformance gate fails otherwise, preventing "dead" codes from accreting in the registry.

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import { describe, expect, expectTypeOf, it } from "@suaveplan/testing/runner";
import { JWS_CODES, JwsError, type JwsErrorCode } from "./error-codes.js";
describe("errors / error-codes", () => {
it("JwsErrorCode union exactly matches JWS_CODES", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
type FromRegistry = (typeof JWS_CODES)[keyof typeof JWS_CODES];
expectTypeOf<JwsErrorCode>().toEqualTypeOf<FromRegistry>();
});
it("every registered JWS code is thrown by at least one production path", {
timeout: 30_000,
}, async () => {
// Walk the registry. Each code must be reachable via *some* code
// path — the test exercises a representative trigger per code and
// asserts the thrown error carries that code. We avoid coupling
// this assertion to specific message keys.
const reached = new Set<string>();
// MALFORMED — bad compact framing
const { compactDecode } = await import(
"../serialization/compact/compact.js"
);
try {
compactDecode("only.two");
} catch (e) {
if (e instanceof JwsError) reached.add(e.code);
}
// HEADER_MALFORMED — invalid base64url decoding to JSON object
const { base64urlDecodeJson } = await import(
"../base64url/base64url.js"
);
try {
const { base64urlEncodeString } = await import(
"../base64url/base64url.js"
);
base64urlDecodeJson(base64urlEncodeString("42"));
} catch (e) {
if (e instanceof JwsError) reached.add(e.code);
}
// BASE64URL_INVALID — padded input
const { base64urlDecode } = await import("../base64url/base64url.js");
try {
base64urlDecode("a==");
} catch (e) {
if (e instanceof JwsError) reached.add(e.code);
}
// ALG_UNSUPPORTED — lookupOrThrow with unknown alg
const { AlgorithmRegistry } = await import("../algorithms/registry.js");
try {
new AlgorithmRegistry().lookupOrThrow("not-a-real-alg");
} catch (e) {
if (e instanceof JwsError) reached.add(e.code);
}
// CRIT_MALFORMED + CRIT_UNRECOGNIZED via enforceCrit
const { enforceCrit } = await import("../header/crit.js");
try {
enforceCrit({ alg: "HS256", crit: [] } as never, []);
} catch (e) {
if (e instanceof JwsError) reached.add(e.code);
}
try {
enforceCrit({ alg: "HS256", crit: ["unknown"] } as never, []);
} catch (e) {
if (e instanceof JwsError) reached.add(e.code);
}
// B64_INVALID
const { resolveB64 } = await import("../header/b64.js");
try {
resolveB64({ alg: "HS256", b64: "false" } as never);
} catch (e) {
if (e instanceof JwsError) reached.add(e.code);
}
// INVALID_OPTIONS via verify-pipeline boundary
const { validateVerifyOptions } = await import(
"../verify/verify-pipeline.js"
);
try {
validateVerifyOptions({});
} catch (e) {
if (e instanceof JwsError) reached.add(e.code);
}
// ABORTED via compactVerify pre-aborted signal
const { compactVerify } = await import(
"../serialization/compact/compact.js"
);
const ac = new AbortController();
ac.abort();
try {
await compactVerify(
"eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJhIjoxfQ.AAAA",
new Uint8Array(32),
{ algorithms: ["HS256"], signal: ac.signal }
);
} catch (e) {
if (e instanceof JwsError) reached.add(e.code);
}
// ALG_NOT_ALLOWED + SIG_INVALID + ALG_NONE_DISABLED via verify path
try {
await compactVerify(
"eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJhIjoxfQ.AAAA",
new Uint8Array(32),
{ algorithms: ["RS256"] }
);
} catch (e) {
if (e instanceof JwsError) reached.add(e.code);
}
try {
await compactVerify("eyJhbGciOiJub25lIn0.eyJhIjoxfQ.", undefined, {
algorithms: ["HS256"],
});
} catch (e) {
if (e instanceof JwsError) reached.add(e.code);
}
// SIG_INVALID — tampered sig of a real HS256 token
const { compactSign } = await import(
"../serialization/compact/compact.js"
);
const key = new Uint8Array(32).fill(7);
const t = await compactSign("x", key, "HS256");
const tampered = `${t.slice(0, -1)}${t.endsWith("A") ? "B" : "A"}`;
try {
await compactVerify(tampered, key, { algorithms: ["HS256"] });
} catch (e) {
if (e instanceof JwsError) reached.add(e.code);
}
// SIG_FORMAT_INVALID via ECDSA DER signature rejection
const { es256 } = await import("../algorithms/ecdsa.js");
try {
const der = new Uint8Array([0x30, 0x10, 0x02, 0x01, 0x01]);
await es256.verify(
new Uint8Array(4),
der,
new Uint8Array(65) // bogus pubkey, but DER check happens first
);
} catch (e) {
if (e instanceof JwsError) reached.add(e.code);
}
// JWK_INVALID via jwkToCryptoKey with bad jwk
const { jwkToCryptoKey } = await import("../keys/jwk.js");
try {
jwkToCryptoKey({ kty: "RSA" }, "RS256");
} catch (e) {
if (e instanceof JwsError) reached.add(e.code);
}
// KEY_NOT_FOUND via verify with no key source
const { parseHeader } = await import("../header/header.js");
parseHeader("eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9");
try {
await compactVerify(
"eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJhIjoxfQ.AAAA",
undefined,
{ algorithms: ["HS256"] }
);
} catch (e) {
if (e instanceof JwsError) reached.add(e.code);
}
// KEY_ALG_MISMATCH via HMAC with non-Uint8Array
const { hs256 } = await import("../algorithms/hmac.js");
try {
await hs256.verify(
new Uint8Array(4),
new Uint8Array(32),
"not-a-key" as never
);
} catch (e) {
if (e instanceof JwsError) reached.add(e.code);
}
// X5C_CHAIN_INVALID via extractX5cLeafKey with empty chain
const { extractX5cLeafKey } = await import("../keys/x5c.js");
try {
await extractX5cLeafKey([], "RS256", { trustAnchors: [] });
} catch (e) {
if (e instanceof JwsError) reached.add(e.code);
}
// MULTI_SIG_FAILED via generalVerify requireAll with tampered entry
const { generalSign, generalVerify } = await import(
"../serialization/general/general.js"
);
const general = await generalSign("data", [{ key, alg: "HS256" }]);
const tamperedGeneral = {
...general,
signatures: general.signatures.map((s, i) =>
i === 0
? { ...s, signature: `${s.signature.slice(0, -1)}X` }
: s
),
};
try {
await generalVerify(tamperedGeneral, async () => key, {
algorithms: ["HS256"],
requireAll: true,
});
} catch (e) {
if (e instanceof JwsError) reached.add(e.code);
}
// Verify the reachable set covers every registry entry.
const registry = Object.values(JWS_CODES);
for (const code of registry) {
expect(reached.has(code)).toBe(true);
}
});
it("JwsError preserves cause", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const cause = new Error("root");
const err = new JwsError(JWS_CODES.SIG_INVALID, "k", { cause });
expect(err.code).toBe(JWS_CODES.SIG_INVALID);
expect(err.cause).toBe(cause);
});
it("JwsError has default empty options", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const err = new JwsError(JWS_CODES.MALFORMED, "k");
expect(err.code).toBe(JWS_CODES.MALFORMED);
expect(err).toBeInstanceOf(JwsError);
expect(err.message).toBeDefined();
});
it("registry has the expected 18 codes", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(Object.values(JWS_CODES).length).toBe(18);
});
});

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import type { SuaveplanErrorOptions } from "@suaveplan/error";
import { defineCodes, SuaveplanError } from "@suaveplan/error";
/**
* Frozen registry of typed error codes raised by `@suaveplan/jws`.
*
* Every code corresponds to a distinct RFC 7515 §4.1 / §5.2 / §7 failure
* class. The literal union is pinned via `expectTypeOf` in the test
* suite so accidental additions/removals fail typecheck. Every code is
* thrown by at least one production path.
*/
export const JWS_CODES = defineCodes("JWS", [
"MALFORMED",
"HEADER_MALFORMED",
"BASE64URL_INVALID",
"ALG_UNSUPPORTED",
"ALG_NOT_ALLOWED",
"ALG_NONE_DISABLED",
"SIG_INVALID",
"SIG_FORMAT_INVALID",
"JWK_INVALID",
"X5C_CHAIN_INVALID",
"KEY_NOT_FOUND",
"KEY_ALG_MISMATCH",
"CRIT_UNRECOGNIZED",
"CRIT_MALFORMED",
"B64_INVALID",
"INVALID_OPTIONS",
"ABORTED",
"MULTI_SIG_FAILED",
] as const);
export type JwsErrorCode = (typeof JWS_CODES)[keyof typeof JWS_CODES];
const DEFAULT_OPTIONS: SuaveplanErrorOptions = {};
/**
* Concrete error subclass. All thrown errors in this package are
* instances of `JwsError`; switching on `error.code` narrows to
* `JwsErrorCode`.
*/
export class JwsError extends SuaveplanError<JwsErrorCode> {
public constructor(
code: JwsErrorCode,
messageKey: string,
options: SuaveplanErrorOptions = DEFAULT_OPTIONS
) {
super(code, messageKey, options);
}
}

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export { JWS_CODES, JwsError, type JwsErrorCode } from "./error-codes.js";

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# `b64` (RFC 7797) header
## Purpose
RFC 7797 §3 implements the `b64` header parameter, allowing JWS producers to embed unencoded payloads directly into the signing input. When `b64: false`, the second compact-form segment is the raw payload bytes themselves (not base64url-encoded) and the signing input becomes `BASE64URL(protected) || "." || rawPayloadBytes`. The RFC's MUST clauses require that any `b64: false` header also list `"b64"` in `crit` so verifiers ignorant of RFC 7797 refuse the token rather than misinterpret it.
## Features
- `resolveB64(header)` — returns the effective boolean (`true` when absent).
- `b64: false` without `"b64"` in `crit` → `JWS.B64_INVALID`.
- Non-boolean `b64` value → `JWS.B64_INVALID`.
- Absent `b64` defaults to base64url encoding (RFC 7515 §3.1 default).
## Usage: Basic Example
```ts
import { resolveB64 } from "@suaveplan/jws";
resolveB64({ alg: "HS256" }); // true (default)
resolveB64({ alg: "HS256", b64: true }); // true
```
## Usage: Advanced Example
```ts
import { compactSign, compactVerify, resolveB64, JwsError } from "@suaveplan/jws";
// Produce a b64: false token (raw-payload signing input).
const token = await compactSign("hello", key, "HS256", {
protectedHeader: { b64: false, crit: ["b64"] },
b64: false,
});
const result = await compactVerify(token, key, {
algorithms: ["HS256"],
acceptableCriticalHeaders: ["b64"],
});
// result.payloadString === "hello" — raw, not base64url-decoded
// Missing crit listing — verifier rejects.
try {
resolveB64({ alg: "HS256", b64: false });
} catch (err) {
if (err instanceof JwsError && err.code === "JWS.B64_INVALID") {
// RFC 7797 §3 MUST violation.
}
}
```
## API Reference
- `resolveB64(header: JoseHeader): boolean`
- Returns `true` when `b64` is absent or `b64: true`.
- Returns `false` only when `b64: false` AND `crit` includes `"b64"`.
- Throws `JwsError(JWS.B64_INVALID)` for non-boolean values or `false` without `crit`.
## Implementation Notes
The RFC 7797 contract is asymmetric: producers may emit `b64: true` without `crit` (default behaviour), but `b64: false` MUST be marked critical. This module enforces only the verifier side; the sign pipeline emits the `crit: ["b64"]` companion automatically when callers pass `b64: false` so producers do not have to remember the dual-write. Raw-payload signing input requires special handling — the payload bytes cannot pass through `TextEncoder` when the producer's payload contains the `.` byte (0x2e), since that's also the segment separator; the compact-form parser handles this by treating the segment as bytes once `b64: false` is resolved, not as a UTF-8 string.

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import { describe, expect, it } from "@suaveplan/testing/runner";
import { base64urlEncodeString } from "../base64url/base64url.js";
import { JWS_CODES, type JwsError } from "../errors/error-codes.js";
import {
compactSign,
compactVerify,
} from "../serialization/compact/compact.js";
import { resolveB64 } from "./b64.js";
const KEY = new Uint8Array(32).fill(0x12);
describe("header / b64 (RFC 7797)", () => {
it("defaults to true when absent", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(resolveB64({ alg: "HS256" })).toBe(true);
});
it("returns true for explicit b64: true", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(resolveB64({ alg: "HS256", b64: true, crit: ["b64"] })).toBe(
true
);
});
it("returns false for b64: false when in crit", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(resolveB64({ alg: "HS256", b64: false, crit: ["b64"] })).toBe(
false
);
});
it("rejects b64 false without crit listing", {
timeout: 5000,
}, async () => {
// Build a token manually to bypass sign-pipeline guard.
const headerObj = { alg: "HS256", b64: false };
const protectedB64 = base64urlEncodeString(JSON.stringify(headerObj));
const real = await compactSign("data", KEY, "HS256");
const sig = real.split(".")[2] as string;
const token = `${protectedB64}.data.${sig}`;
try {
await compactVerify(token, KEY, { algorithms: ["HS256"] });
} catch (e) {
expect((e as JwsError).code).toBe(JWS_CODES.B64_INVALID);
return;
}
throw new Error("did-not-throw");
});
it("round-trips a b64 false token with raw payload", {
timeout: 5000,
}, async () => {
const tok = await compactSign("data", KEY, "HS256", {
protectedHeader: { crit: ["b64"] },
b64: false,
});
// Middle segment should be the raw "data" string, not base64url.
expect(tok.split(".")[1]).toBe("data");
const result = await compactVerify(tok, KEY, {
algorithms: ["HS256"],
acceptableCriticalHeaders: ["b64"],
});
expect(result.verified).toBe(true);
expect(result.payloadString).toBe("data");
});
it("rejects non-boolean b64 with B64_INVALID", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
try {
resolveB64({ alg: "HS256", b64: "false" as unknown as boolean });
} catch (e) {
expect((e as JwsError).code).toBe(JWS_CODES.B64_INVALID);
return;
}
throw new Error("did-not-throw");
});
it("compactSign with b64: false but missing crit ['b64'] throws", {
timeout: 5000,
}, async () => {
try {
await compactSign("data", KEY, "HS256", { b64: false });
} catch (e) {
expect((e as JwsError).code).toBe(JWS_CODES.B64_INVALID);
return;
}
throw new Error("did-not-throw");
});
it("compactSign with b64: false and Uint8Array payload", {
timeout: 5000,
}, async () => {
const tok = await compactSign(
new TextEncoder().encode("raw"),
KEY,
"HS256",
{ protectedHeader: { crit: ["b64"] }, b64: false }
);
// The middle segment is the decoded raw payload.
expect(tok.split(".")[1]).toBe("raw");
});
});

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import { JWS_CODES, JwsError } from "../errors/error-codes.js";
import { recordError } from "../observability/metrics.js";
import type { JoseHeader } from "./header.types.js";
function fail(reason: string): never {
const err = new JwsError(JWS_CODES.B64_INVALID, "error.jws.b64", {
context: { reason },
});
recordError(err.code);
throw err;
}
/**
* RFC 7797 §3 enforcement for the `b64` header parameter.
*
* - If absent, payloads are base64url-encoded (default behaviour).
* - If `b64: false`, `b64` MUST appear in `crit` per RFC 7797 §3.
* - Any non-boolean `b64` value is invalid.
*
* Returns the resolved `b64` boolean (`true` when absent).
*/
export function resolveB64(header: JoseHeader): boolean {
if (!("b64" in header) || header.b64 === undefined) return true;
const v = header.b64;
if (typeof v !== "boolean") fail("b64-not-boolean");
if (v === false) {
const crit = header.crit;
if (!Array.isArray(crit) || !crit.includes("b64")) {
fail("b64-false-not-in-crit");
}
}
return v;
}

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# `crit` enforcement
## Purpose
RFC 7515 §4.1.11 enforcement: every entry in `header.crit` MUST be in the caller's `acceptableCriticalHeaders` allowlist. The RFC's intent is that callers refuse to verify any token whose protected header carries critical parameters they do not understand — otherwise the producer could downgrade security guarantees (e.g. an `exp` claim becoming critical against a verifier that ignores it). This module owns that gate.
## Features
- Empty `crit` array rejected.
- Non-array `crit` rejected.
- Non-string entry rejected.
- `crit` referencing itself rejected (RFC 7515 §4.1.11 MUST).
- Entry not in caller's allowlist → `JWS.CRIT_UNRECOGNIZED`.
- Entry in allowlist accepted.
## Usage: Basic Example
```ts
import { enforceCrit, parseHeader } from "@suaveplan/jws";
const header = parseHeader("eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsImNyaXQiOlsiZXhwIl0sImV4cCI6MTYwfQ");
enforceCrit(header, ["exp"]); // does not throw
```
## Usage: Advanced Example
```ts
import { enforceCrit, JwsError } from "@suaveplan/jws";
try {
enforceCrit({ alg: "HS256", crit: ["exp", "tenant"] }, ["exp"]);
} catch (err) {
if (err instanceof JwsError && err.code === "JWS.CRIT_UNRECOGNIZED") {
// Reject the token: a critical parameter is outside the allowlist.
}
}
// Self-reference rejected:
try {
enforceCrit({ alg: "HS256", crit: ["crit"] }, ["crit"]);
} catch (err) {
if (err instanceof JwsError && err.code === "JWS.CRIT_MALFORMED") {
// RFC 7515 §4.1.11 MUST.
}
}
```
## API Reference
- `enforceCrit(header: JoseHeader, acceptableCriticalHeaders: readonly string[] | undefined): void`
- No-op when `header.crit` is absent.
- Throws `JwsError(JWS.CRIT_MALFORMED)` for shape failures (non-array, empty, non-string entry, self-reference).
- Throws `JwsError(JWS.CRIT_UNRECOGNIZED)` for entries not on the allowlist.
## Implementation Notes
The allowlist is supplied at every verify call rather than configured globally; this is deliberate because the allowlist is fundamentally a property of the consumer's threat model, not the JWS library. Callers integrating an RFC 7797 `b64: false` token MUST add `"b64"` to their `acceptableCriticalHeaders` even though this package implements the RFC 7797 spec internally — the gate is "do you know what to do with this parameter," not "does the library implement it." This makes it impossible to accidentally accept a `b64: false` token through a verifier that wasn't expecting one.

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import { describe, expect, it } from "@suaveplan/testing/runner";
import { base64urlEncodeString } from "../base64url/base64url.js";
import { JWS_CODES, type JwsError } from "../errors/error-codes.js";
import {
compactSign,
compactVerify,
} from "../serialization/compact/compact.js";
import { enforceCrit } from "./crit.js";
import type { JoseHeader } from "./header.types.js";
const KEY = new Uint8Array(32).fill(0x11);
async function tokenWithCrit(
crit: unknown,
extra: Record<string, unknown> = {}
): Promise<string> {
// Build a custom header bypassing the sign-pipeline's b64-in-crit guard
// by writing the raw segments.
const headerObj = { alg: "HS256", crit, ...extra };
const protectedB64 = base64urlEncodeString(JSON.stringify(headerObj));
const payloadB64 = base64urlEncodeString("data");
const signed = await compactSign("data", KEY, "HS256");
// We only need a structurally-valid token; the signature will fail
// crit checks BEFORE crypto runs, so re-using the signature segment
// from a clean compactSign is fine for these scenarios.
const sigSeg = signed.split(".")[2] as string;
return `${protectedB64}.${payloadB64}.${sigSeg}`;
}
describe("header / crit", () => {
it("accepts a known critical header on the allowlist", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
// enforceCrit returns void on success — the token verify path is
// covered separately; here we exercise the unit.
expect(() =>
enforceCrit({ alg: "HS256", crit: ["exp"] } as JoseHeader, ["exp"])
).not.toThrow();
});
it("rejects an unknown critical header with CRIT_UNRECOGNIZED", {
timeout: 5000,
}, async () => {
const tok = await tokenWithCrit(["exp", "tenant"]);
try {
await compactVerify(tok, KEY, {
algorithms: ["HS256"],
acceptableCriticalHeaders: ["exp"],
});
} catch (e) {
expect((e as JwsError).code).toBe(JWS_CODES.CRIT_UNRECOGNIZED);
return;
}
throw new Error("did-not-throw");
});
it("rejects an empty crit array with CRIT_MALFORMED", {
timeout: 5000,
}, async () => {
const tok = await tokenWithCrit([]);
try {
await compactVerify(tok, KEY, {
algorithms: ["HS256"],
});
} catch (e) {
expect((e as JwsError).code).toBe(JWS_CODES.CRIT_MALFORMED);
return;
}
throw new Error("did-not-throw");
});
it("rejects a non-array crit with CRIT_MALFORMED", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
try {
enforceCrit({ alg: "HS256", crit: "exp" } as never, ["exp"]);
} catch (e) {
expect((e as JwsError).code).toBe(JWS_CODES.CRIT_MALFORMED);
return;
}
throw new Error("did-not-throw");
});
it("rejects a non-string crit entry with CRIT_MALFORMED", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
try {
enforceCrit(
{ alg: "HS256", crit: [42 as unknown as string] } as JoseHeader,
["exp"]
);
} catch (e) {
expect((e as JwsError).code).toBe(JWS_CODES.CRIT_MALFORMED);
return;
}
throw new Error("did-not-throw");
});
it("rejects self-referencing crit (contains 'crit')", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
try {
enforceCrit({ alg: "HS256", crit: ["crit"] } as JoseHeader, [
"crit",
]);
} catch (e) {
expect((e as JwsError).code).toBe(JWS_CODES.CRIT_MALFORMED);
return;
}
throw new Error("did-not-throw");
});
it("rejects all entries when acceptableCriticalHeaders is undefined", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
try {
enforceCrit(
{ alg: "HS256", crit: ["exp"] } as JoseHeader,
undefined
);
} catch (e) {
expect((e as JwsError).code).toBe(JWS_CODES.CRIT_UNRECOGNIZED);
return;
}
throw new Error("did-not-throw");
});
it("is a no-op when header has no crit", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(() =>
enforceCrit({ alg: "HS256" } as JoseHeader, undefined)
).not.toThrow();
});
it("accepts allowlist=undefined when crit is undefined", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
expect(() =>
enforceCrit({ alg: "HS256" } as JoseHeader, undefined)
).not.toThrow();
});
});

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import { JWS_CODES, JwsError } from "../errors/error-codes.js";
import { recordError } from "../observability/metrics.js";
import type { JoseHeader } from "./header.types.js";
function fail(
code: typeof JWS_CODES.CRIT_MALFORMED | typeof JWS_CODES.CRIT_UNRECOGNIZED,
reason: string,
context?: Record<string, unknown>
): never {
const err = new JwsError(code, "error.jws.crit", {
context: { reason, ...context },
});
recordError(err.code);
throw err;
}
/**
* RFC 7515 §4.1.11 enforcement: every entry in `header.crit` MUST appear
* in the caller-supplied `acceptableCriticalHeaders` allowlist. The
* `crit` parameter itself MUST NOT name `crit`. Empty arrays and
* non-array `crit` values are rejected per the RFC's MUST clauses.
*/
export function enforceCrit(
header: JoseHeader,
acceptableCriticalHeaders: readonly string[] | undefined
): void {
const crit = header.crit;
if (crit === undefined) return;
if (!Array.isArray(crit)) {
fail(JWS_CODES.CRIT_MALFORMED, "crit-not-array");
}
if (crit.length === 0) {
fail(JWS_CODES.CRIT_MALFORMED, "crit-empty");
}
const allow = new Set(acceptableCriticalHeaders ?? []);
for (const entry of crit) {
if (typeof entry !== "string") {
fail(JWS_CODES.CRIT_MALFORMED, "crit-entry-not-string");
}
if (entry === "crit") {
fail(JWS_CODES.CRIT_MALFORMED, "crit-self-reference");
}
if (!allow.has(entry)) {
fail(JWS_CODES.CRIT_UNRECOGNIZED, "crit-unknown", { entry });
}
}
}

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# `header`
<!-- begin:auto-docs -->
_(no submodules)_
<!-- end:auto-docs -->
## Purpose
Parse and serialise RFC 7515 §4.1 JOSE protected headers. Every registered parameter (`alg`, `jku`, `jwk`, `kid`, `x5u`, `x5c`, `x5t`, `x5t#S256`, `typ`, `cty`, `crit`, plus RFC 7797 `b64`) is shape-validated through the Zod schema; non-registered parameters survive round-trip via the schema's catch-all. The `alg` field is the only mandatory parameter; everything else is optional and the decoder preserves bytes verbatim so callers can re-emit the header without canonicalisation surprises.
## Features
- `parseHeader(base64urlString | object)` — base64url-decode + JSON-parse + Zod-shape-check; returns a typed `JoseHeader`.
- `serializeHeader(header)` — `JSON.stringify` + base64url-encode in one call.
- `JoseHeader` — strongly-typed shape (every registered parameter).
- Unknown parameters survive round-trip.
## Usage: Basic Example
```ts
import { parseHeader, serializeHeader } from "@suaveplan/jws";
const decoded = parseHeader("eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9");
// { alg: "HS256", typ: "JWT" }
const reencoded = serializeHeader(decoded);
```
## Usage: Advanced Example
```ts
import { JwsError, parseHeader } from "@suaveplan/jws";
try {
parseHeader("eyJhbGciOjQyfQ"); // alg as number
} catch (err) {
if (err instanceof JwsError && err.code === "JWS.HEADER_MALFORMED") {
// The Zod boundary refused a non-string alg.
}
}
// Custom parameter survives round-trip:
const h = parseHeader({ alg: "ES256", custom: { tenant: "acme" } });
console.log(h["custom"]); // { tenant: "acme" }
```
## API Reference
- `parseHeader(input: string | Record<string, unknown>): JoseHeader`
- Decodes a base64url-encoded JSON object header, OR validates an already-parsed object.
- Throws `JwsError(JWS.HEADER_MALFORMED)` on shape failure.
- Throws `JwsError(JWS.BASE64URL_INVALID)` on base64url failure.
- `serializeHeader(header: JoseHeader | Record<string, unknown>): string`
- `interface JoseHeader` — every RFC 7515 §4.1 registered parameter, all readonly.
## Implementation Notes
The schema is `.passthrough()` so consumers retain non-registered parameters — required for downstream RFCs (RFC 7519 JWT, RFC 9202 EAT-JWT, custom tenant claims) that layer additional parameters into the same header structure. Encoding always uses `JSON.stringify` with no replacer, which means insertion order is preserved; callers needing canonical-order headers (e.g. for byte-identical reproduction of an upstream signer's output) should sort their object keys before passing in. The decoder uses a strict UTF-8 `TextDecoder` so malformed UTF-8 sequences fail rather than silently inserting replacement characters into the parsed JSON — a deliberate strictness that catches producers that emit windows-1252 or latin-1 bytes through a misconfigured pipeline.

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import { describe, expect, it } from "@suaveplan/testing/runner";
import { base64urlEncodeString } from "../base64url/base64url.js";
import { JWS_CODES, type JwsError } from "../errors/error-codes.js";
import { parseHeader, serializeHeader } from "./header.js";
describe("header / parse + serialize", () => {
it("parses a base64url-encoded JSON header", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const enc = base64urlEncodeString(
JSON.stringify({ alg: "HS256", kid: "k1" })
);
const header = parseHeader(enc);
expect(header.alg).toBe("HS256");
expect(header.kid).toBe("k1");
});
it("parses a header object directly", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const header = parseHeader({ alg: "ES256" });
expect(header.alg).toBe("ES256");
});
it("preserves unknown parameters via passthrough", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
const header = parseHeader({ alg: "HS256", custom: "x" });
expect(header["custom"]).toBe("x");
});
it("rejects header with non-string alg", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
try {
parseHeader({ alg: 42 });
} catch (e) {
expect((e as JwsError).code).toBe(JWS_CODES.HEADER_MALFORMED);
return;
}
throw new Error("did-not-throw");
});
it("rejects header missing alg", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
try {
parseHeader({});
} catch (e) {
expect((e as JwsError).code).toBe(JWS_CODES.HEADER_MALFORMED);
return;
}
throw new Error("did-not-throw");
});
it("serializeHeader round-trips through parseHeader", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
const enc = serializeHeader({ alg: "HS256", typ: "JWT" });
const dec = parseHeader(enc);
expect(dec.alg).toBe("HS256");
expect(dec.typ).toBe("JWT");
});
});

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import {
base64urlDecodeJson,
base64urlEncodeString,
} from "../base64url/base64url.js";
import { JWS_CODES, JwsError } from "../errors/error-codes.js";
import { recordError } from "../observability/metrics.js";
import { JoseHeaderSchema } from "../schemas/schemas.js";
import type { JoseHeader } from "./header.types.js";
/**
* Parse a base64url-encoded JOSE protected header (or a raw object) and
* validate the registered-parameter shape per RFC 7515 §4.1. Unknown
* parameters survive round-trip.
*
* @throws JwsError(JWS.HEADER_MALFORMED) when the input does not decode
* to a JSON object whose `alg` is a string.
*/
export function parseHeader(
input: string | Record<string, unknown>
): JoseHeader {
const raw = typeof input === "string" ? base64urlDecodeJson(input) : input;
const parsed = JoseHeaderSchema.safeParse(raw);
if (!parsed.success) {
const err = new JwsError(
JWS_CODES.HEADER_MALFORMED,
"error.jws.header-shape-invalid",
{ context: { issues: parsed.error.issues } }
);
recordError(err.code);
throw err;
}
return parsed.data as JoseHeader;
}
/**
* Serialize a JOSE header to a base64url-encoded UTF-8 JSON string.
* Keys preserve insertion order; callers that need a canonical order
* should sort before passing in.
*/
export function serializeHeader(
header: JoseHeader | Record<string, unknown>
): string {
return base64urlEncodeString(JSON.stringify(header));
}

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/**
* RFC 7515 §4.1 JOSE header — typed shape exposed to consumers. All
* registered parameters are optional except `alg`. Unknown parameters
* survive round-trip via the catch-all index signature.
*/
export interface JoseHeader {
/** RFC 7515 §4.1.1 — algorithm identifier. */
readonly alg: string;
/** RFC 7515 §4.1.2 — JWK Set URL. */
readonly jku?: string;
/** RFC 7515 §4.1.3 — embedded JSON Web Key. */
readonly jwk?: Record<string, unknown>;
/** RFC 7515 §4.1.4 — key id. */
readonly kid?: string;
/** RFC 7515 §4.1.5 — X.509 URL. */
readonly x5u?: string;
/** RFC 7515 §4.1.6 — base64-encoded X.509 cert chain. */
readonly x5c?: readonly string[];
/** RFC 7515 §4.1.7 — X.509 cert SHA-1 thumbprint. */
readonly x5t?: string;
/** RFC 7515 §4.1.8 — X.509 cert SHA-256 thumbprint. */
readonly "x5t#S256"?: string;
/** RFC 7515 §4.1.9 — type. */
readonly typ?: string;
/** RFC 7515 §4.1.10 — content type. */
readonly cty?: string;
/** RFC 7515 §4.1.11 — critical header parameters. */
readonly crit?: readonly string[];
/** RFC 7797 §3 — base64url encoding of payload. */
readonly b64?: boolean;
readonly [key: string]: unknown;
}

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export { resolveB64 } from "./b64.js";
export { enforceCrit } from "./crit.js";
export { parseHeader, serializeHeader } from "./header.js";
export type { JoseHeader } from "./header.types.js";

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import { describe, expect, it } from "@suaveplan/testing/runner";
import * as jws from "./index.js";
describe("@suaveplan/jws — public surface", () => {
it("exports every documented entry point", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const names = [
"JWS_CODES",
"JwsError",
"compactDecode",
"compactSign",
"compactVerify",
"flatDecode",
"flatSign",
"flatVerify",
"generalDecode",
"generalSign",
"generalVerify",
"parseHeader",
"serializeHeader",
"enforceCrit",
"resolveB64",
"detachedSign",
"detachedVerify",
"base64urlEncode",
"base64urlDecode",
"base64urlDecodeJson",
"base64urlEncodeString",
"BASE64URL_ALPHABET",
"BASE64_STD_ALPHABET",
"AlgorithmRegistry",
"defaultRegistry",
"seedBuiltinAlgorithms",
"hs256",
"hs384",
"hs512",
"rs256",
"rs384",
"rs512",
"ps256",
"ps384",
"ps512",
"es256",
"es384",
"es512",
"eddsa",
"none",
"jwkToCryptoKey",
"extractX5cLeafKey",
"JoseHeaderSchema",
"JsonWebKeySchema",
"VerifyOptionsSchema",
"SignOptionsSchema",
"FlatJwsSchema",
"GeneralJwsSchema",
"JwsSignatureSchema",
"validateVerifyOptions",
"validateSignOptions",
"runVerifyPipeline",
"runSignPipeline",
"recordVerify",
"recordSign",
"recordError",
"nowMs",
"resetMetricsForTesting",
"getInstrumentsForTesting",
];
for (const n of names) {
expect(
(jws as Record<string, unknown>)[n],
`missing export: ${n}`
).toBeDefined();
}
});
});

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// Side-effect: seed the default algorithm registry with built-ins.
import "./algorithms/builtin.js";
// Algorithms
export {
type AlgorithmImpl,
AlgorithmRegistry,
defaultRegistry,
eddsa,
es256,
es384,
es512,
hs256,
hs384,
hs512,
type JoseAlg,
none,
ps256,
ps384,
ps512,
rs256,
rs384,
rs512,
seedBuiltinAlgorithms,
} from "./algorithms/index.js";
// Base64url
export {
BASE64_STD_ALPHABET,
BASE64URL_ALPHABET,
base64urlDecode,
base64urlDecodeJson,
base64urlEncode,
base64urlEncodeString,
} from "./base64url/index.js";
// Detached
export { detachedSign, detachedVerify } from "./detached/index.js";
// Errors
export { JWS_CODES, JwsError, type JwsErrorCode } from "./errors/index.js";
// Header
export {
enforceCrit,
type JoseHeader,
parseHeader,
resolveB64,
serializeHeader,
} from "./header/index.js";
// Keys
export {
type ExtractX5cOptions,
extractX5cLeafKey,
jwkToCryptoKey,
type KeyResolver,
type ParsedKey,
} from "./keys/index.js";
// Observability
export {
getInstrumentsForTesting,
type JwsVerifyOutcome,
nowMs,
recordError,
recordSign,
recordVerify,
resetMetricsForTesting,
} from "./observability/index.js";
// Schemas
export {
FlatJwsSchema,
GeneralJwsSchema,
JoseHeaderSchema,
type JsonWebKey,
JsonWebKeySchema,
JwsSignatureSchema,
SignOptionsSchema,
VerifyOptionsSchema,
} from "./schemas/index.js";
// Serializations
export {
compactDecode,
compactSign,
compactVerify,
} from "./serialization/compact/index.js";
export {
flatDecode,
flatSign,
flatVerify,
} from "./serialization/flat/index.js";
export {
type GeneralSigner,
type GeneralVerifyOptions,
type GeneralVerifyResult,
generalDecode,
generalSign,
generalVerify,
} from "./serialization/general/index.js";
export type {
CompactJws,
FlatJws,
GeneralJws,
JwsSerialization,
JwsSignature,
} from "./serialization/serialization.types.js";
// Sign + verify pipelines (advanced consumers)
export {
runSignPipeline,
type SignedSegments,
type SignOptions,
validateSignOptions,
} from "./sign/index.js";
export {
runVerifyPipeline,
type VerifyOptions,
type VerifyResult,
validateVerifyOptions,
} from "./verify/index.js";

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export { jwkToCryptoKey, type ParsedKey } from "./jwk.js";
export type { KeyResolver } from "./resolver.js";
export { type ExtractX5cOptions, extractX5cLeafKey } from "./x5c.js";

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# `jwkToCryptoKey`
## Purpose
Parse an RFC 7517 §4 / RFC 7518 §6 JSON Web Key into the typed key shape expected by the JWS algorithm impl for the declared `alg`. `kty` / `crv` / coordinate lengths are validated against the declared algorithm; mismatch throws `JWS.JWK_INVALID` for shape issues or `JWS.KEY_ALG_MISMATCH` for valid-shape-but-wrong-algorithm cases.
## Features
- RSA — `kty: "RSA"` → `RsaPublicKey` via `@suaveplan/crypto-rsa.parseRsaPublicKeyJwk`.
- EC — `kty: "EC"` with `crv: "P-256" | "P-384" | "P-521"` → uncompressed SEC1 bytes for the JWS ECDSA impl.
- OKP — `kty: "OKP"` with `crv: "Ed25519"` → 32-byte raw key for `EdDSA`.
- Symmetric — `kty: "oct"` with `k` → `Uint8Array` for `HS256/384/512`.
- Coordinate length validation per curve.
- Ed448 explicitly rejected with `KEY_ALG_MISMATCH`.
## Usage: Basic Example
```ts
import { jwkToCryptoKey } from "@suaveplan/jws";
const parsed = jwkToCryptoKey(
{
kty: "EC",
crv: "P-256",
x: "f83OJ3D2xF1Bg8vub9tLe1gHMzV76e8Tus9uPHvRVEU",
y: "x_FEzRu9m36HLN_tue659LNpXW6pCyStikYjKIWI5a0",
},
"ES256"
);
// parsed.kind === "ec"; parsed.key is uncompressed SEC1.
```
## Usage: Advanced Example
```ts
import { JwsError, jwkToCryptoKey } from "@suaveplan/jws";
// Algorithm-confusion defence: RSA JWK declared for an ES256 token rejected.
try {
jwkToCryptoKey({ kty: "RSA", n: "...", e: "AQAB" }, "ES256");
} catch (err) {
if (err instanceof JwsError && err.code === "JWS.JWK_INVALID") {
// kty: RSA vs alg: ES256 mismatch.
}
}
// Ed448 rejected:
try {
jwkToCryptoKey({ kty: "OKP", crv: "Ed448", x: "..." }, "EdDSA");
} catch (err) {
if (err instanceof JwsError && err.code === "JWS.KEY_ALG_MISMATCH") {
// Only Ed25519 supported today.
}
}
```
## API Reference
- `jwkToCryptoKey(jwk: Record<string, unknown>, alg: string): ParsedKey`
- `ParsedKey = { kind: "rsa", key: RsaPublicKey } | { kind: "ec", key: Uint8Array } | { kind: "okp", key: Uint8Array }`
- Throws `JwsError(JWS.JWK_INVALID)` for shape issues.
- Throws `JwsError(JWS.KEY_ALG_MISMATCH)` for valid-shape-but-wrong-curve cases.
## Implementation Notes
Coordinate lengths (32/48/66 bytes for P-256/P-384/P-521) are strictly enforced. The P-521 curve uses 66-byte coordinates because the curve order is 521 bits (66 bytes), not the often-assumed 64; producers that left-pad to 64 fail validation here, which is correct — those tokens are malformed per RFC 7518 §6.2.1.2 even though many lenient libraries accept them. RSA keys route through `@suaveplan/crypto-rsa.parseRsaPublicKeyJwk` so the same key-policy checks (min/max modulus length, validated public exponent, malformed-base64url rejection) apply uniformly across the project.

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import { describe, expect, it } from "@suaveplan/testing/runner";
import {
getEcdsaP256TestKey,
getEcdsaP384TestKey,
getEcdsaP521TestKey,
getEd25519TestKey,
getHmacTestKey,
getRsaTestKey,
} from "../__fixtures__/deterministic-keys.js";
import { base64urlEncode } from "../base64url/base64url.js";
import { JWS_CODES, type JwsError } from "../errors/error-codes.js";
import {
compactSign,
compactVerify,
} from "../serialization/compact/compact.js";
import { jwkToCryptoKey } from "./jwk.js";
describe("keys / jwkToCryptoKey", () => {
it("verifies a token whose header.jwk matches the declared alg", {
timeout: 30_000,
}, async () => {
const k = getEcdsaP256TestKey();
const tok = await compactSign("hi", k.privateKey, "ES256", {
protectedHeader: { jwk: k.jwkPublic },
});
const r = await compactVerify(tok, undefined, {
algorithms: ["ES256"],
allowEmbeddedJwk: true,
});
expect(r.verified).toBe(true);
});
it("rejects a token whose header.jwk.kty disagrees with alg", {
timeout: 30_000,
}, async () => {
const k = getEcdsaP256TestKey();
const r = getRsaTestKey();
const tok = await compactSign("hi", k.privateKey, "ES256", {
protectedHeader: { jwk: r.jwkPublic },
});
try {
await compactVerify(tok, undefined, {
algorithms: ["ES256"],
allowEmbeddedJwk: true,
});
} catch (e) {
expect((e as JwsError).code).toBe(JWS_CODES.JWK_INVALID);
return;
}
throw new Error("did-not-throw");
});
it("parses an RSA public JWK for RS256", {
timeout: 30_000,
}, () => {
const r = getRsaTestKey();
const parsed = jwkToCryptoKey(r.jwkPublic, "RS256");
expect(parsed.kind).toBe("rsa");
});
it("parses an EC public JWK for ES384", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
const k = getEcdsaP384TestKey();
const parsed = jwkToCryptoKey(k.jwkPublic, "ES384");
expect(parsed.kind).toBe("ec");
});
it("parses an EC public JWK for ES512", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const k = getEcdsaP521TestKey();
const parsed = jwkToCryptoKey(k.jwkPublic, "ES512");
expect(parsed.kind).toBe("ec");
});
it("parses an OKP Ed25519 JWK for EdDSA", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const k = getEd25519TestKey();
const parsed = jwkToCryptoKey(k.jwkPublic, "EdDSA");
expect(parsed.kind).toBe("okp");
});
it("parses an oct JWK for HS256", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const k = getHmacTestKey();
const parsed = jwkToCryptoKey(
{ kty: "oct", k: base64urlEncode(k) },
"HS256"
);
expect(parsed.kind).toBe("okp");
});
it("rejects RSA JWK with missing n", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
try {
jwkToCryptoKey({ kty: "RSA", e: "AQAB" }, "RS256");
} catch (e) {
expect((e as JwsError).code).toBe(JWS_CODES.JWK_INVALID);
return;
}
throw new Error("did-not-throw");
});
it("rejects RSA JWK with kty=EC", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
try {
jwkToCryptoKey({ kty: "EC" }, "RS256");
} catch (e) {
expect((e as JwsError).code).toBe(JWS_CODES.JWK_INVALID);
return;
}
throw new Error("did-not-throw");
});
it("rejects EC JWK with mismatched curve", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const k = getEcdsaP384TestKey();
try {
jwkToCryptoKey({ ...k.jwkPublic, crv: "P-256" }, "ES384");
} catch (e) {
expect((e as JwsError).code).toBe(JWS_CODES.KEY_ALG_MISMATCH);
return;
}
throw new Error("did-not-throw");
});
it("rejects EC JWK with missing x/y", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
try {
jwkToCryptoKey({ kty: "EC", crv: "P-256" }, "ES256");
} catch (e) {
expect((e as JwsError).code).toBe(JWS_CODES.JWK_INVALID);
return;
}
throw new Error("did-not-throw");
});
it("rejects EC JWK with wrong coord length", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
try {
jwkToCryptoKey(
{
kty: "EC",
crv: "P-256",
x: base64urlEncode(new Uint8Array(16)),
y: base64urlEncode(new Uint8Array(32)),
},
"ES256"
);
} catch (e) {
expect((e as JwsError).code).toBe(JWS_CODES.JWK_INVALID);
return;
}
throw new Error("did-not-throw");
});
it("rejects EC JWK with non-EC kty", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
try {
jwkToCryptoKey({ kty: "RSA" }, "ES256");
} catch (e) {
expect((e as JwsError).code).toBe(JWS_CODES.JWK_INVALID);
return;
}
throw new Error("did-not-throw");
});
it("rejects OKP JWK with non-OKP kty", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
try {
jwkToCryptoKey({ kty: "EC" }, "EdDSA");
} catch (e) {
expect((e as JwsError).code).toBe(JWS_CODES.JWK_INVALID);
return;
}
throw new Error("did-not-throw");
});
it("rejects OKP JWK with Ed448 curve", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
try {
jwkToCryptoKey({ kty: "OKP", crv: "Ed448" }, "EdDSA");
} catch (e) {
expect((e as JwsError).code).toBe(JWS_CODES.KEY_ALG_MISMATCH);
return;
}
throw new Error("did-not-throw");
});
it("rejects OKP JWK missing x", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
try {
jwkToCryptoKey({ kty: "OKP", crv: "Ed25519" }, "EdDSA");
} catch (e) {
expect((e as JwsError).code).toBe(JWS_CODES.JWK_INVALID);
return;
}
throw new Error("did-not-throw");
});
it("rejects OKP JWK with wrong x length", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
try {
jwkToCryptoKey(
{
kty: "OKP",
crv: "Ed25519",
x: base64urlEncode(new Uint8Array(16)),
},
"EdDSA"
);
} catch (e) {
expect((e as JwsError).code).toBe(JWS_CODES.JWK_INVALID);
return;
}
throw new Error("did-not-throw");
});
it("rejects oct JWK with non-oct kty", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
try {
jwkToCryptoKey({ kty: "RSA" }, "HS256");
} catch (e) {
expect((e as JwsError).code).toBe(JWS_CODES.JWK_INVALID);
return;
}
throw new Error("did-not-throw");
});
it("rejects oct JWK missing k", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
try {
jwkToCryptoKey({ kty: "oct" }, "HS256");
} catch (e) {
expect((e as JwsError).code).toBe(JWS_CODES.JWK_INVALID);
return;
}
throw new Error("did-not-throw");
});
it("rejects unknown alg", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
try {
jwkToCryptoKey({ kty: "oct" }, "XYZ");
} catch (e) {
// Either ALG_UNSUPPORTED, JWK_INVALID — but actual path here is the
// catch-all that throws ALG_UNSUPPORTED.
expect([
JWS_CODES.ALG_UNSUPPORTED,
JWS_CODES.JWK_INVALID,
]).toContain((e as JwsError).code);
return;
}
throw new Error("did-not-throw");
});
it("rejects ES-prefixed but unknown EC alg variant", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
try {
jwkToCryptoKey({ kty: "EC", crv: "P-256" }, "ES999");
} catch (e) {
expect((e as JwsError).code).toBe(JWS_CODES.ALG_UNSUPPORTED);
return;
}
throw new Error("did-not-throw");
});
it("rejects bad jwk root shape", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
try {
jwkToCryptoKey({ kty: 42 as never }, "RS256");
} catch (e) {
expect((e as JwsError).code).toBe(JWS_CODES.JWK_INVALID);
return;
}
throw new Error("did-not-throw");
});
it("rejects RSA JWK that fails downstream parse", {
timeout: 30_000,
}, () => {
try {
jwkToCryptoKey(
{
kty: "RSA",
n: base64urlEncode(new Uint8Array(2)), // too short
e: "AQAB",
},
"RS256"
);
} catch (e) {
expect((e as JwsError).code).toBe(JWS_CODES.JWK_INVALID);
return;
}
throw new Error("did-not-throw");
});
});

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import { parseRsaPublicKeyJwk, type RsaPublicKey } from "@suaveplan/crypto-rsa";
import { base64urlDecode } from "../base64url/base64url.js";
import { JWS_CODES, JwsError } from "../errors/error-codes.js";
import { recordError } from "../observability/metrics.js";
import { JsonWebKeySchema } from "../schemas/schemas.js";
/**
* Discriminated result of JWK → key conversion. `kind` tells the
* pipeline which algorithm family the parsed key belongs to and what
* shape to hand the algorithm impl.
*/
export type ParsedKey =
| { readonly kind: "rsa"; readonly key: RsaPublicKey }
| { readonly kind: "ec"; readonly key: Uint8Array }
| { readonly kind: "okp"; readonly key: Uint8Array };
function fail(
code: typeof JWS_CODES.JWK_INVALID | typeof JWS_CODES.KEY_ALG_MISMATCH,
reason: string,
context?: Record<string, unknown>
): never {
const err = new JwsError(code, "error.jws.jwk", {
context: { reason, ...context },
});
recordError(err.code);
throw err;
}
function uncompressedEcPoint(
jwk: Record<string, unknown>,
expectedCoordLen: number
): Uint8Array {
const x = jwk["x"];
const y = jwk["y"];
if (typeof x !== "string" || typeof y !== "string") {
fail(JWS_CODES.JWK_INVALID, "ec-missing-xy");
}
const xb = base64urlDecode(x);
const yb = base64urlDecode(y);
if (xb.length !== expectedCoordLen || yb.length !== expectedCoordLen) {
fail(JWS_CODES.JWK_INVALID, "ec-coord-length", {
expected: expectedCoordLen,
xLen: xb.length,
yLen: yb.length,
});
}
const out = new Uint8Array(1 + 2 * expectedCoordLen);
out[0] = 0x04;
out.set(xb, 1);
out.set(yb, 1 + expectedCoordLen);
return out;
}
const EC_CURVE_FOR_ALG: Record<string, { crv: string; len: number }> = {
ES256: { crv: "P-256", len: 32 },
ES384: { crv: "P-384", len: 48 },
ES512: { crv: "P-521", len: 66 },
};
/**
* Parse an RFC 7517 §4 / RFC 7518 §6 JWK into the typed shape expected
* by the JWS algorithm impl for `alg`. `kty` / `crv` / coordinate
* lengths are validated against the declared algorithm; mismatch
* throws `JWS.JWK_INVALID` for shape issues or `JWS.KEY_ALG_MISMATCH`
* for valid-shape-but-wrong-algorithm cases.
*/
export function jwkToCryptoKey(
jwk: Record<string, unknown>,
alg: string
): ParsedKey {
const parsed = JsonWebKeySchema.safeParse(jwk);
if (!parsed.success) {
fail(JWS_CODES.JWK_INVALID, "jwk-shape", {
issues: parsed.error.issues,
});
}
const data = parsed.data;
const kty = data.kty;
if (alg.startsWith("RS") || alg.startsWith("PS")) {
if (kty !== "RSA") {
fail(JWS_CODES.JWK_INVALID, "kty-not-rsa", { kty, alg });
}
if (typeof data.n !== "string" || typeof data.e !== "string") {
fail(JWS_CODES.JWK_INVALID, "rsa-missing-n-or-e");
}
let key: RsaPublicKey;
try {
key = parseRsaPublicKeyJwk({
kty: "RSA",
n: data.n,
e: data.e,
});
} catch (cause) {
fail(JWS_CODES.JWK_INVALID, "rsa-parse-failed", {
cause: String(cause),
});
}
return { kind: "rsa", key };
}
if (alg.startsWith("ES")) {
if (kty !== "EC") {
fail(JWS_CODES.JWK_INVALID, "kty-not-ec", { kty, alg });
}
const spec = EC_CURVE_FOR_ALG[alg];
if (spec === undefined) {
fail(JWS_CODES.ALG_UNSUPPORTED as never, "es-alg-unknown", { alg });
}
if (data.crv !== spec.crv) {
fail(JWS_CODES.KEY_ALG_MISMATCH, "ec-curve-mismatch", {
crv: data.crv,
expected: spec.crv,
});
}
return { kind: "ec", key: uncompressedEcPoint(data, spec.len) };
}
if (alg === "EdDSA") {
if (kty !== "OKP") {
fail(JWS_CODES.JWK_INVALID, "kty-not-okp", { kty });
}
if (data.crv !== "Ed25519") {
fail(JWS_CODES.KEY_ALG_MISMATCH, "okp-curve-not-ed25519", {
crv: data.crv,
});
}
if (typeof data.x !== "string") {
fail(JWS_CODES.JWK_INVALID, "okp-missing-x");
}
const xb = base64urlDecode(data.x);
if (xb.length !== 32) {
fail(JWS_CODES.JWK_INVALID, "okp-x-length", { len: xb.length });
}
return { kind: "okp", key: xb };
}
if (alg.startsWith("HS")) {
if (kty !== "oct") {
fail(JWS_CODES.JWK_INVALID, "kty-not-oct", { kty });
}
if (typeof data.k !== "string") {
fail(JWS_CODES.JWK_INVALID, "oct-missing-k");
}
return { kind: "okp", key: base64urlDecode(data.k) };
}
fail(JWS_CODES.ALG_UNSUPPORTED as never, "alg-not-supported", { alg });
}

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# `KeyResolver`
## Purpose
Caller-supplied key-resolution function consulted when `header.kid` is present and no key has been supplied via `opts.key`, `header.jwk`, or `header.x5c`. The resolver receives the parsed header so dispatch can branch on additional parameters (`iss`, custom tenant headers, environment-specific kid namespaces). Returning `undefined` surfaces as `JwsError(JWS.KEY_NOT_FOUND)`; throwing propagates verbatim so callers can map their own error taxonomy onto JWS verification.
## Features
- Async or sync — both signatures are accepted.
- Receives `(kid, header)`; the header is the parsed `JoseHeader`, including unknown parameters.
- `undefined` / `null` return → typed `JWS.KEY_NOT_FOUND` thrown by the pipeline.
## Usage: Basic Example
```ts
import { compactVerify, type KeyResolver } from "@suaveplan/jws";
const keyResolver: KeyResolver = async (kid) => keyStore.get(kid);
await compactVerify(token, undefined, {
algorithms: ["RS256"],
keyResolver,
});
```
## Usage: Advanced Example
```ts
import { compactVerify, JwsError, type KeyResolver } from "@suaveplan/jws";
// Dispatch on a custom tenant header:
const keyResolver: KeyResolver = async (kid, header) => {
const tenant = header["tenant"] as string | undefined;
if (tenant === "acme") return acmeKeyStore.get(kid);
if (tenant === "globex") return globexKeyStore.get(kid);
return undefined; // → KEY_NOT_FOUND
};
try {
await compactVerify(token, undefined, {
algorithms: ["RS256"],
keyResolver,
});
} catch (err) {
if (err instanceof JwsError && err.code === "JWS.KEY_NOT_FOUND") {
// Inspect err.context.kid for the unresolved id.
}
}
```
## API Reference
- `type KeyResolver = (kid: string, header: JoseHeader) => Promise<unknown> | unknown`
Returning anything other than `undefined` / `null` is treated as the verification key and passed to the algorithm impl unchanged. The pipeline performs no type-check on the returned value — it relies on the algorithm impl to throw `JWS.KEY_ALG_MISMATCH` if the resolved key doesn't match the declared `alg`.
## Implementation Notes
Resolution priority in the verify pipeline is `opts.key → header.jwk → header.x5c → opts.keyResolver(header.kid)`. The resolver only runs when none of the earlier sources resolved a key; this means a token carrying both `kid` AND `jwk` will route through `jwk` first (assuming `allowEmbeddedJwk: true`). That ordering is deliberate: when a producer self-describes a key in the token, the consumer's stored key for the same `kid` should be re-verified against the embedded one — but doing that match is the consumer's responsibility, not this library's. The pipeline simply uses whichever source the caller has opted in to first.

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import { describe, expect, it } from "@suaveplan/testing/runner";
import { JWS_CODES, type JwsError } from "../errors/error-codes.js";
import {
compactSign,
compactVerify,
} from "../serialization/compact/compact.js";
const KEY = new Uint8Array(32).fill(0x42);
describe("keys / resolver", () => {
it("awaits resolver and verifies with returned key", {
timeout: 5000,
}, async () => {
const tok = await compactSign("hi", KEY, "HS256", {
protectedHeader: { kid: "k1" },
});
let seenKid: string | undefined;
const r = await compactVerify(tok, undefined, {
algorithms: ["HS256"],
keyResolver: async (kid, header) => {
seenKid = kid;
expect(header.kid).toBe("k1");
return KEY;
},
});
expect(seenKid).toBe("k1");
expect(r.verified).toBe(true);
});
it("throws KEY_NOT_FOUND when resolver returns undefined", {
timeout: 5000,
}, async () => {
const tok = await compactSign("hi", KEY, "HS256", {
protectedHeader: { kid: "k1" },
});
try {
await compactVerify(tok, undefined, {
algorithms: ["HS256"],
keyResolver: async () => undefined,
});
} catch (e) {
expect((e as JwsError).code).toBe(JWS_CODES.KEY_NOT_FOUND);
return;
}
throw new Error("did-not-throw");
});
it("throws KEY_NOT_FOUND when resolver returns null", {
timeout: 5000,
}, async () => {
const tok = await compactSign("hi", KEY, "HS256", {
protectedHeader: { kid: "k1" },
});
try {
await compactVerify(tok, undefined, {
algorithms: ["HS256"],
keyResolver: async () => null as unknown,
});
} catch (e) {
expect((e as JwsError).code).toBe(JWS_CODES.KEY_NOT_FOUND);
return;
}
throw new Error("did-not-throw");
});
it("supports sync resolvers", { timeout: 5000 }, async () => {
const tok = await compactSign("hi", KEY, "HS256", {
protectedHeader: { kid: "k1" },
});
const r = await compactVerify(tok, undefined, {
algorithms: ["HS256"],
keyResolver: (kid: string) => (kid === "k1" ? KEY : undefined),
});
expect(r.verified).toBe(true);
});
});

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import type { JoseHeader } from "../header/header.types.js";
/**
* Caller-supplied key-resolver. Invoked when `header.kid` is present
* and no key has been supplied via `opts.key`, `header.jwk`, or
* `header.x5c`. The resolver receives the parsed header so dispatch
* can branch on `iss`, custom tenant headers, etc.
*
* Returning `undefined` surfaces as `JwsError(JWS.KEY_NOT_FOUND)`.
*/
export type KeyResolver = (
kid: string,
header: JoseHeader
) => Promise<unknown> | unknown;

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# `extractX5cLeafKey`
## Purpose
Decode an RFC 7515 §4.1.6 `x5c` certificate chain, delegate trust-path validation to `@suaveplan/x509.validateChain`, and extract the leaf `SubjectPublicKeyInfo` shaped to match the declared JOSE `alg`. This is the entry point that `@suaveplan/webauthn` will call for SafetyNet attestation verification: SafetyNet tokens carry their attestation cert chain in `x5c`, and the verifier needs to anchor it against Google's pinned attestation roots before trusting the embedded RSA public key.
## Features
- Accepts either standard-base64 (RFC's preference) or base64url-encoded chain entries.
- Delegates chain validation entirely to `@suaveplan/x509.validateChain`.
- Leaf-public-key algorithm matched against declared JOSE `alg`.
- Chain failure → `JWS.X5C_CHAIN_INVALID` with the underlying x509 error chained as `cause`.
- Leaf-alg mismatch → `JWS.KEY_ALG_MISMATCH`.
## Usage: Basic Example
```ts
import { extractX5cLeafKey } from "@suaveplan/jws";
import { parseCertificate } from "@suaveplan/x509";
const trustAnchors = [parseCertificate(googleAttestationRootDer)];
const leaf = await extractX5cLeafKey(token.protected.x5c, "RS256", {
trustAnchors,
});
// leaf.kind === "rsa"; leaf.key is the SafetyNet leaf cert's RSA public key.
```
## Usage: Advanced Example
```ts
import { compactVerify, extractX5cLeafKey, JwsError } from "@suaveplan/jws";
// Use through compactVerify's automatic x5c resolution:
const result = await compactVerify(safetynetToken, undefined, {
algorithms: ["RS256"],
allowX5c: true,
x5cTrustAnchors: trustAnchors,
});
// Direct call with a deadline:
try {
const ac = new AbortController();
setTimeout(() => ac.abort(), 1_000);
await extractX5cLeafKey(chain, "RS256", { trustAnchors, signal: ac.signal });
} catch (err) {
if (err instanceof JwsError && err.code === "JWS.X5C_CHAIN_INVALID") {
// err.cause is the underlying X509Error — inspect cause.code for
// CERT_EXPIRED / NAME_CHAIN_BROKEN / etc.
}
}
```
## API Reference
- `extractX5cLeafKey(x5c: readonly string[], alg: string, options: ExtractX5cOptions): Promise<ParsedKey>`
- `interface ExtractX5cOptions { trustAnchors: readonly X509Certificate[]; clock?: Clock; signal?: AbortSignal }`
- Returns the same `ParsedKey` union as `jwkToCryptoKey`.
## Implementation Notes
`x5c` array entries are base64-encoded DER certificates per RFC 7515 §4.1.6. The decoder accepts both alphabets because real-world producers vary; the strict choice is base64 standard alphabet with optional padding, but base64url is also surfaced from some Google attestation chains. The leaf-alg check is intentionally separate from chain validation: a malicious producer could submit a valid Google-rooted chain whose leaf is an ECDSA cert and claim `alg: "RS256"` — chain validation would pass (Google did sign that cert), but the JOSE-level alg doesn't match the leaf SPKI, and the verifier MUST reject. `validateChain` runs the full RFC 5280 §6.1 algorithm (expiry, name chaining, key usage, EKU, name constraints, optional OCSP), so this module owns only the JOSE-layer "does the leaf match `alg`" check.

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import { sha256 } from "@suaveplan/crypto-hash";
import { describe, expect, it } from "@suaveplan/testing/runner";
import {
ecdsaP256ChainFixture,
ed25519ChainFixture,
signWithEcdsaP256Leaf,
signWithEd25519Leaf,
} from "../__fixtures__/x5c-chains.js";
import {
base64urlEncode,
base64urlEncodeString,
} from "../base64url/base64url.js";
import { JWS_CODES, type JwsError } from "../errors/error-codes.js";
import { compactVerify } from "../serialization/compact/compact.js";
import { extractX5cLeafKey } from "./x5c.js";
async function signedEs256TokenWithX5c(): Promise<{
token: string;
fixture: ReturnType<typeof ecdsaP256ChainFixture>;
}> {
const fixture = ecdsaP256ChainFixture();
const header = {
alg: "ES256",
x5c: fixture.x5c,
};
const protectedB64 = base64urlEncodeString(JSON.stringify(header));
const payloadB64 = base64urlEncodeString("hi");
const signingInput = new TextEncoder().encode(
`${protectedB64}.${payloadB64}`
);
const digest = sha256(signingInput);
const sig = signWithEcdsaP256Leaf(digest);
const token = `${protectedB64}.${payloadB64}.${base64urlEncode(sig)}`;
return { token, fixture };
}
async function signedEdDsaTokenWithX5c(): Promise<{
token: string;
fixture: ReturnType<typeof ed25519ChainFixture>;
}> {
const fixture = ed25519ChainFixture();
const header = {
alg: "EdDSA",
x5c: fixture.x5c,
};
const protectedB64 = base64urlEncodeString(JSON.stringify(header));
const payloadB64 = base64urlEncodeString("hi");
const signingInput = new TextEncoder().encode(
`${protectedB64}.${payloadB64}`
);
const sig = signWithEd25519Leaf(signingInput);
const token = `${protectedB64}.${payloadB64}.${base64urlEncode(sig)}`;
return { token, fixture };
}
describe("keys / x5c", () => {
it("verifies a token with a valid x5c chain", {
timeout: 30_000,
}, async () => {
const { token, fixture } = await signedEdDsaTokenWithX5c();
const r = await compactVerify(token, undefined, {
algorithms: ["EdDSA"],
allowX5c: true,
x5cTrustAnchors: fixture.trustAnchors,
});
expect(r.verified).toBe(true);
});
it("rejects a token whose x5c root is not in the trust anchors", {
timeout: 30_000,
}, async () => {
const { token } = await signedEdDsaTokenWithX5c();
// Use the EC chain's root (different) as the trust anchor.
const ec = ecdsaP256ChainFixture();
try {
await compactVerify(token, undefined, {
algorithms: ["EdDSA"],
allowX5c: true,
x5cTrustAnchors: ec.trustAnchors,
});
} catch (e) {
expect((e as JwsError).code).toBe(JWS_CODES.X5C_CHAIN_INVALID);
return;
}
throw new Error("did-not-throw");
});
it("rejects a token whose x5c leaf alg disagrees with header.alg", {
timeout: 30_000,
}, async () => {
const fixture = ecdsaP256ChainFixture();
// Build a token declaring "RS256" but presenting an EC leaf chain.
const header = { alg: "RS256", x5c: fixture.x5c };
const protectedB64 = base64urlEncodeString(JSON.stringify(header));
const payloadB64 = base64urlEncodeString("hi");
const sigB64 = base64urlEncode(new Uint8Array(256));
const token = `${protectedB64}.${payloadB64}.${sigB64}`;
try {
await compactVerify(token, undefined, {
algorithms: ["RS256"],
allowX5c: true,
x5cTrustAnchors: fixture.trustAnchors,
});
} catch (e) {
expect((e as JwsError).code).toBe(JWS_CODES.KEY_ALG_MISMATCH);
return;
}
throw new Error("did-not-throw");
});
it("extractX5cLeafKey rejects empty chain", { timeout: 5000 }, async () => {
try {
await extractX5cLeafKey([], "RS256", { trustAnchors: [] });
} catch (e) {
expect((e as JwsError).code).toBe(JWS_CODES.X5C_CHAIN_INVALID);
return;
}
throw new Error("did-not-throw");
});
it("extractX5cLeafKey rejects malformed cert bytes", {
timeout: 5000,
}, async () => {
try {
await extractX5cLeafKey(["bm90LWFzbjE"], "RS256", {
trustAnchors: [],
});
} catch (e) {
expect((e as JwsError).code).toBe(JWS_CODES.X5C_CHAIN_INVALID);
return;
}
throw new Error("did-not-throw");
});
it("compactVerify rejects x5c when allowX5c is missing", {
timeout: 30_000,
}, async () => {
const { token, fixture } = await signedEs256TokenWithX5c();
try {
await compactVerify(token, undefined, {
algorithms: ["ES256"],
x5cTrustAnchors: fixture.trustAnchors,
});
} catch (e) {
expect((e as JwsError).code).toBe(JWS_CODES.INVALID_OPTIONS);
return;
}
throw new Error("did-not-throw");
});
it("compactVerify rejects x5c when trust anchors are missing", {
timeout: 30_000,
}, async () => {
const { token } = await signedEs256TokenWithX5c();
try {
await compactVerify(token, undefined, {
algorithms: ["ES256"],
allowX5c: true,
});
} catch (e) {
expect((e as JwsError).code).toBe(JWS_CODES.INVALID_OPTIONS);
return;
}
throw new Error("did-not-throw");
});
it("verifies an ES256 x5c chain", {
timeout: 30_000,
}, async () => {
const { token, fixture } = await signedEs256TokenWithX5c();
const r = await compactVerify(token, undefined, {
algorithms: ["ES256"],
allowX5c: true,
x5cTrustAnchors: fixture.trustAnchors,
});
expect(r.verified).toBe(true);
});
it("rejects ES256 declared against an Ed25519 chain (spki-not-ec)", {
timeout: 30_000,
}, async () => {
const ed = ed25519ChainFixture();
const header = { alg: "ES256", x5c: ed.x5c };
const protectedB64 = base64urlEncodeString(JSON.stringify(header));
const payloadB64 = base64urlEncodeString("hi");
const sigB64 = base64urlEncode(new Uint8Array(64));
const token = `${protectedB64}.${payloadB64}.${sigB64}`;
try {
await compactVerify(token, undefined, {
algorithms: ["ES256"],
allowX5c: true,
x5cTrustAnchors: ed.trustAnchors,
});
} catch (e) {
expect((e as JwsError).code).toBe(JWS_CODES.KEY_ALG_MISMATCH);
return;
}
throw new Error("did-not-throw");
});
it("rejects EdDSA declared against an ECDSA chain (spki-not-ed25519)", {
timeout: 30_000,
}, async () => {
const ec = ecdsaP256ChainFixture();
const header = { alg: "EdDSA", x5c: ec.x5c };
const protectedB64 = base64urlEncodeString(JSON.stringify(header));
const payloadB64 = base64urlEncodeString("hi");
const sigB64 = base64urlEncode(new Uint8Array(64));
const token = `${protectedB64}.${payloadB64}.${sigB64}`;
try {
await compactVerify(token, undefined, {
algorithms: ["EdDSA"],
allowX5c: true,
x5cTrustAnchors: ec.trustAnchors,
});
} catch (e) {
expect((e as JwsError).code).toBe(JWS_CODES.KEY_ALG_MISMATCH);
return;
}
throw new Error("did-not-throw");
});
it("extractX5cLeafKey rejects an unknown alg path", {
timeout: 30_000,
}, async () => {
const ec = ecdsaP256ChainFixture();
try {
await extractX5cLeafKey(ec.x5c, "XYZ-UNKNOWN", {
trustAnchors: ec.trustAnchors,
});
} catch (e) {
expect((e as JwsError).code).toBe(JWS_CODES.KEY_ALG_MISMATCH);
return;
}
throw new Error("did-not-throw");
});
it("extracts an EC leaf SPKI with uncompressed point form", {
timeout: 30_000,
}, async () => {
const { ecUncompressedSelfSignedFixture } = await import(
"../__fixtures__/ec-uncompressed-chain.js"
);
const fx = ecUncompressedSelfSignedFixture();
const parsed = await extractX5cLeafKey(fx.x5c, "ES256", {
trustAnchors: fx.trustAnchors,
});
expect(parsed.kind).toBe("ec");
});
it("rejects an RSA leaf whose SPKI fails to parse (rsa-parse-failed)", {
timeout: 30_000,
}, async () => {
const { rsaMalformedSpkiFixture } = await import(
"../__fixtures__/rsa-malformed.js"
);
const fx = rsaMalformedSpkiFixture();
try {
await extractX5cLeafKey(fx.x5c, "RS256", {
trustAnchors: fx.trustAnchors,
});
} catch (e) {
expect((e as JwsError).code).toBe(JWS_CODES.KEY_ALG_MISMATCH);
return;
}
throw new Error("did-not-throw");
});
it("extracts an RSA leaf SPKI from an x5c chain", {
timeout: 30_000,
}, async () => {
const { rsaSelfSignedFixture } = await import(
"../__fixtures__/rsa-chain.js"
);
const fx = rsaSelfSignedFixture();
const parsed = await extractX5cLeafKey(fx.x5c, "RS256", {
trustAnchors: fx.trustAnchors,
});
expect(parsed.kind).toBe("rsa");
});
it("compactVerify with x5c threads clock + signal through", {
timeout: 30_000,
}, async () => {
const { token, fixture } = await signedEdDsaTokenWithX5c();
const clock = () => Date.UTC(2027, 5, 1);
const ac = new AbortController();
const r = await compactVerify(token, undefined, {
algorithms: ["EdDSA"],
allowX5c: true,
x5cTrustAnchors: fixture.trustAnchors,
clock,
signal: ac.signal,
});
expect(r.verified).toBe(true);
});
});

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import { parseRsaPublicKey } from "@suaveplan/crypto-rsa";
import type { Clock } from "@suaveplan/types";
import {
parseCertificate,
validateChain,
type X509Certificate,
type X509Error,
} from "@suaveplan/x509";
import { JWS_CODES, JwsError } from "../errors/error-codes.js";
import { recordError } from "../observability/metrics.js";
import type { ParsedKey } from "./jwk.js";
/* The `x5c` parameter encodes certificates as base64 (NOT base64url) per
* RFC 7515 §4.1.6. We accept either alphabet for robustness because some
* producers in the wild emit base64url. */
function decodeCertBase64(input: string): Uint8Array {
// After mapping `-`→`+` and `_`→`/` every base64url byte is in the
// standard alphabet so `atob` does not throw on validated input —
// the `base64urlDecode` fallback is dead code in practice, retained
// only as a defence in depth.
const stdPadded = input
.replace(/-/g, "+")
.replace(/_/g, "/")
.padEnd(input.length + ((4 - (input.length % 4)) % 4), "=");
const bin = atob(stdPadded);
const out = new Uint8Array(bin.length);
for (let i = 0; i < bin.length; i++) out[i] = bin.charCodeAt(i);
return out;
}
function fail(
code:
| typeof JWS_CODES.X5C_CHAIN_INVALID
| typeof JWS_CODES.KEY_ALG_MISMATCH,
reason: string,
context: Record<string, unknown> = {},
cause?: unknown
): never {
const err = new JwsError(code, "error.jws.x5c", {
context: { reason, ...context },
cause,
});
recordError(err.code);
throw err;
}
/** Caller-supplied options for `extractX5cLeafKey`. */
export interface ExtractX5cOptions {
readonly trustAnchors: readonly X509Certificate[];
readonly clock?: Clock;
readonly signal?: AbortSignal;
}
const RSA_ALGS = new Set([
"RS256",
"RS384",
"RS512",
"PS256",
"PS384",
"PS512",
]);
const EC_ALG_CURVE: Record<string, string> = {
ES256: "1.2.840.10045.3.1.7", // P-256
ES384: "1.3.132.0.34", // P-384
ES512: "1.3.132.0.35", // P-521
};
const EC_COORD_LEN: Record<string, number> = {
ES256: 32,
ES384: 48,
ES512: 66,
};
const OID_RSA = "1.2.840.113549.1.1.1";
const OID_EC_PUBLIC_KEY = "1.2.840.10045.2.1";
const OID_ED25519 = "1.3.101.112";
function ecPointFromSpki(publicKey: Uint8Array, _coordLen: number): Uint8Array {
// RFC 5480 §2.2 permits compressed (0x02 / 0x03 + X) or uncompressed
// (0x04 + X + Y) point forms. The underlying noble curve verifier
// accepts both directly, so we forward whichever the cert published.
// Upstream `@suaveplan/x509.parseCertificate` already validates the
// SPKI structure so no extra shape check is required at this layer.
return publicKey;
}
/**
* Decode an RFC 7515 §4.1.6 `x5c` chain, delegate trust-path validation
* to `@suaveplan/x509.validateChain`, and extract the leaf
* `SubjectPublicKeyInfo` shaped to match the declared JOSE `alg`.
*
* Chain-level failures (expiry, untrusted root, broken signature chain,
* EKU mismatch, name-constraints violation, OCSP revocation) surface
* as `JwsError(JWS.X5C_CHAIN_INVALID)` with the underlying x509 error
* chained as `cause`. A leaf whose SPKI algorithm disagrees with the
* JOSE `alg` surfaces as `JwsError(JWS.KEY_ALG_MISMATCH)`.
*/
export async function extractX5cLeafKey(
x5c: readonly string[],
alg: string,
options: ExtractX5cOptions
): Promise<ParsedKey> {
if (x5c.length === 0) {
fail(JWS_CODES.X5C_CHAIN_INVALID, "empty-chain");
}
let certs: X509Certificate[];
try {
certs = x5c.map((b64) => parseCertificate(decodeCertBase64(b64)));
} catch (cause) {
fail(JWS_CODES.X5C_CHAIN_INVALID, "cert-parse-failed", {}, cause);
}
const [leaf, ...rest] = certs as [X509Certificate, ...X509Certificate[]];
try {
const validateOpts: Parameters<typeof validateChain>[0] = {
leaf,
intermediates: rest,
trustAnchors: options.trustAnchors,
};
if (options.clock !== undefined) {
(validateOpts as { clock: typeof options.clock }).clock =
options.clock;
}
if (options.signal !== undefined) {
(validateOpts as { signal: AbortSignal }).signal = options.signal;
}
await validateChain(validateOpts);
} catch (cause) {
// `validateChain` raises `X509Error` for every documented failure
// path. Surface it through the uniform JWS error surface so
// callers can route on `JWS.X5C_CHAIN_INVALID`.
fail(
JWS_CODES.X5C_CHAIN_INVALID,
"chain-invalid",
{ x509Code: (cause as X509Error).code },
cause
);
}
const spki = leaf.tbs.subjectPublicKeyInfo;
const oid = spki.algorithm.oid;
if (RSA_ALGS.has(alg)) {
if (oid !== OID_RSA) {
fail(JWS_CODES.KEY_ALG_MISMATCH, "spki-not-rsa", { alg, oid });
}
let key: ReturnType<typeof parseRsaPublicKey>;
try {
key = parseRsaPublicKey(spki.raw, { format: "spki" });
} catch (cause) {
// RSA SPKI in the leaf cert failed to parse — common when an
// out-of-spec key length or non-canonical ASN.1 sneaks in.
fail(
JWS_CODES.KEY_ALG_MISMATCH,
"rsa-parse-failed",
{ alg },
cause
);
}
return { kind: "rsa", key };
}
if (alg in EC_ALG_CURVE) {
if (oid !== OID_EC_PUBLIC_KEY) {
fail(JWS_CODES.KEY_ALG_MISMATCH, "spki-not-ec", { alg, oid });
}
return {
kind: "ec",
key: ecPointFromSpki(spki.publicKey, EC_COORD_LEN[alg] as number),
};
}
if (alg === "EdDSA") {
if (oid !== OID_ED25519) {
fail(JWS_CODES.KEY_ALG_MISMATCH, "spki-not-ed25519", { alg, oid });
}
return { kind: "okp", key: spki.publicKey };
}
fail(JWS_CODES.KEY_ALG_MISMATCH, "alg-unsupported-for-x5c", { alg });
}

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export {
getInstrumentsForTesting,
type JwsVerifyOutcome,
nowMs,
recordError,
recordSign,
recordVerify,
resetMetricsForTesting,
} from "./metrics.js";

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# `metrics`
<!-- begin:auto-docs -->
_(no submodules)_
<!-- end:auto-docs -->
## Purpose
OpenTelemetry instrumentation surface for the JWS verify and sign hot paths. Every production code path records a histogram for wall-time latency and increments outcome-tagged counters; the error registry's `recordError` also fires once per typed throw so dashboards can pivot on `code` cardinality. The `outcome` attribute is bounded to a 4-value enum (`success | sig_invalid | alg_not_allowed | header_invalid`) so production observability backends do not blow up under attacker-controlled token streams.
## Features
- `recordVerify(alg, outcome, durationMs)` — histogram + outcome counter.
- `recordSign(alg, "success" | "error", durationMs)` — sign-side mirror.
- `recordError(code)` — typed-error counter pivoted by code.
- `resetMetricsForTesting()` — rebinds the cached instrument bag after a test installs a fresh `MeterProvider`.
- `getInstrumentsForTesting()` — exposes the bag for assertion-time introspection.
## Usage: Basic Example
```ts
import { metrics } from "@opentelemetry/api";
import { resetMetricsForTesting, compactVerify } from "@suaveplan/jws";
metrics.setGlobalMeterProvider(myInMemoryProvider);
resetMetricsForTesting();
await compactVerify(token, key, { algorithms: ["HS256"] });
// `jws.verify_duration_ms{alg=HS256, outcome=success}` has 1 sample.
```
## Usage: Advanced Example
```ts
import { getInstrumentsForTesting, recordVerify, recordError, JWS_CODES } from "@suaveplan/jws";
const bag = getInstrumentsForTesting();
// bag.verifyDurationMs / bag.signDurationMs (Histogram)
// bag.verifyTotal / bag.signTotal (Counter)
// bag.errorTotal (Counter)
// Bypass the pipeline for an ad-hoc observation:
recordVerify("RS256", "sig_invalid", 4.2);
recordError(JWS_CODES.SIG_INVALID);
```
## API Reference
- `recordVerify(alg: string, outcome: JwsVerifyOutcome, durationMs: number): void`
- `recordSign(alg: string, outcome: "success" | "error", durationMs: number): void`
- `recordError(code: string): void`
- `nowMs(): number`
- `resetMetricsForTesting(): void`
- `getInstrumentsForTesting(): InstrumentBag`
- `type JwsVerifyOutcome = "success" | "sig_invalid" | "alg_not_allowed" | "header_invalid"`
## Implementation Notes
The instrument bag is cached in module scope so repeated invocations do not call `metrics.getMeter` on every request — that call has non-trivial overhead under the OTel SDK because it walks the provider's registry. Tests that install a fresh `MeterProvider` MUST call `resetMetricsForTesting()` in `beforeEach`; otherwise the cached bag stays bound to the original (no-op) provider and the test asserts against an empty histogram. The `outcome` enum's bounded cardinality is deliberate: an unbounded enum would let an adversarial token stream blow up the metrics backend's series count, and most OTel sinks bill by series.

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import type {
Counter,
Histogram,
Meter,
MeterProvider,
MetricOptions,
} from "@opentelemetry/api";
import { metrics } from "@opentelemetry/api";
import {
afterEach,
beforeEach,
describe,
expect,
it,
} from "@suaveplan/testing/runner";
import { A1_TOKEN, a1HmacKey } from "../__fixtures__/rfc7515-vectors.js";
import { compactVerify } from "../serialization/compact/compact.js";
import {
getInstrumentsForTesting,
nowMs,
recordError,
recordSign,
recordVerify,
resetMetricsForTesting,
} from "./metrics.js";
interface Recorded {
name: string;
value: number;
attrs?: Record<string, string>;
}
function recordingProvider(): {
provider: MeterProvider;
counters: Recorded[];
histograms: Recorded[];
} {
const counters: Recorded[] = [];
const histograms: Recorded[] = [];
const meter: Partial<Meter> = {
createCounter(name: string, _opts?: MetricOptions): Counter {
return {
add: (value: number, attrs?: Record<string, string>) => {
counters.push({ name, value, attrs });
},
} as unknown as Counter;
},
createHistogram(name: string, _opts?: MetricOptions): Histogram {
return {
record: (value: number, attrs?: Record<string, string>) => {
histograms.push({ name, value, attrs });
},
} as unknown as Histogram;
},
};
return {
provider: { getMeter: () => meter as Meter } as MeterProvider,
counters,
histograms,
};
}
describe("observability / metrics", () => {
beforeEach(() => {
resetMetricsForTesting();
});
afterEach(() => {
metrics.disable();
resetMetricsForTesting();
});
it("emits verify histogram and success counter on successful verify", {
timeout: 5000,
}, async () => {
const rec = recordingProvider();
metrics.setGlobalMeterProvider(rec.provider);
resetMetricsForTesting();
const result = await compactVerify(A1_TOKEN, a1HmacKey(), {
algorithms: ["HS256"],
});
expect(result.verified).toBe(true);
const histograms = rec.histograms.filter(
(h) => h.name === "jws.verify_duration_ms"
);
expect(histograms.length).toBe(1);
expect(histograms[0]?.attrs).toEqual({
alg: "HS256",
outcome: "success",
});
const counters = rec.counters.filter(
(c) => c.name === "jws.verify_total"
);
expect(counters.length).toBe(1);
expect(counters[0]?.attrs).toEqual({
alg: "HS256",
outcome: "success",
});
});
it("increments error counter and outcome counter on tampered signature", {
timeout: 5000,
}, async () => {
const rec = recordingProvider();
metrics.setGlobalMeterProvider(rec.provider);
resetMetricsForTesting();
const parts = A1_TOKEN.split(".");
const sig = parts[2] as string;
const flipped = sig.charAt(0) === "A" ? "B" : "A";
const tampered = `${parts[0]}.${parts[1]}.${flipped}${sig.slice(1)}`;
try {
await compactVerify(tampered, a1HmacKey(), {
algorithms: ["HS256"],
});
} catch {
/* expected */
}
const errors = rec.counters.filter((c) => c.name === "jws.error_total");
const sigInvalid = errors.find(
(c) => c.attrs?.["code"] === "JWS.SIG_INVALID"
);
expect(sigInvalid?.value).toBe(1);
const outcomeCounters = rec.counters.filter(
(c) =>
c.name === "jws.verify_total" &&
c.attrs?.["outcome"] === "sig_invalid"
);
expect(outcomeCounters.length).toBe(1);
});
it("standalone recordVerify / recordSign / recordError fire", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
const rec = recordingProvider();
metrics.setGlobalMeterProvider(rec.provider);
resetMetricsForTesting();
recordVerify("HS256", "success", 1.5);
recordSign("ES256", "success", 2.5);
recordError("JWS.MALFORMED");
expect(rec.histograms.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
expect(rec.counters.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
});
it("getInstrumentsForTesting returns the cached bag on second call", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
const rec = recordingProvider();
metrics.setGlobalMeterProvider(rec.provider);
resetMetricsForTesting();
const a = getInstrumentsForTesting();
const b = getInstrumentsForTesting();
expect(a).toBe(b);
});
it("nowMs returns a finite millisecond value", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
const v = nowMs();
expect(Number.isFinite(v)).toBe(true);
expect(v).toBeGreaterThan(0);
});
});

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import type { Counter, Histogram } from "@opentelemetry/api";
import { metrics } from "@opentelemetry/api";
const METER_NAME = "@suaveplan/jws";
/**
* Outcome attribute domain. Bounded to four values so dashboards can
* pivot without unbounded cardinality.
*/
export type JwsVerifyOutcome =
| "success"
| "sig_invalid"
| "alg_not_allowed"
| "header_invalid";
interface InstrumentBag {
readonly verifyDurationMs: Histogram;
readonly signDurationMs: Histogram;
readonly verifyTotal: Counter;
readonly signTotal: Counter;
readonly errorTotal: Counter;
}
let cached: InstrumentBag | undefined;
function instruments(): InstrumentBag {
if (cached !== undefined) {
return cached;
}
const m = metrics.getMeter(METER_NAME);
cached = {
verifyDurationMs: m.createHistogram("jws.verify_duration_ms"),
signDurationMs: m.createHistogram("jws.sign_duration_ms"),
verifyTotal: m.createCounter("jws.verify_total"),
signTotal: m.createCounter("jws.sign_total"),
errorTotal: m.createCounter("jws.error_total"),
};
return cached;
}
/**
* Reset the cached instrument bag so subsequent calls bind to a freshly
* registered `MeterProvider`. Tests call this in `beforeEach`.
*/
export function resetMetricsForTesting(): void {
cached = undefined;
}
/** Expose instrument bag for test introspection. */
export function getInstrumentsForTesting(): InstrumentBag {
return instruments();
}
/** Record a verify duration + outcome counter. */
export function recordVerify(
alg: string,
outcome: JwsVerifyOutcome,
durationMs: number
): void {
const attrs = { alg, outcome };
instruments().verifyDurationMs.record(durationMs, attrs);
instruments().verifyTotal.add(1, attrs);
}
/** Record a sign duration + outcome counter (signing has no failure outcome enum — just success/error). */
export function recordSign(
alg: string,
outcome: "success" | "error",
durationMs: number
): void {
instruments().signDurationMs.record(durationMs, { alg });
instruments().signTotal.add(1, { alg, outcome });
}
/** Increment the typed-error counter. */
export function recordError(code: string): void {
instruments().errorTotal.add(1, { code });
}
/** Wall-clock reader for histogram timing. */
export function nowMs(): number {
return Date.now();
}

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export type {
JoseHeaderShape,
JsonWebKey,
} from "./schemas.js";
export {
FlatJwsSchema,
GeneralJwsSchema,
JoseHeaderSchema,
JsonWebKeySchema,
JwsSignatureSchema,
SignOptionsSchema,
VerifyOptionsSchema,
} from "./schemas.js";

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# Schemas
<!-- begin:auto-docs -->
_(no submodules)_
<!-- end:auto-docs -->
## Purpose
Zod boundary schemas validated at every public entry point. The `@suaveplan` convention is that public options never silently degrade into malformed tokens; every shape mismatch surfaces as `JWS.INVALID_OPTIONS` (caller misuse) or `JWS.HEADER_MALFORMED` (parsed token shape failure) before any cryptographic work runs. These schemas are exported so downstream consumers (`@suaveplan/webauthn`, future `@suaveplan/jwt`) can compose their own validators on top of the same shapes.
## Features
- `JoseHeaderSchema` — RFC 7515 §4.1 registered parameters; unknown parameters survive via `.passthrough()`.
- `JsonWebKeySchema` — RFC 7517 §4 JWK structural skeleton.
- `VerifyOptionsSchema` — every verify entry point's caller options.
- `SignOptionsSchema` — every sign entry point's caller options.
- `FlatJwsSchema` / `JwsSignatureSchema` / `GeneralJwsSchema` — wire shapes.
## Usage: Basic Example
```ts
import { VerifyOptionsSchema, JwsError } from "@suaveplan/jws";
const result = VerifyOptionsSchema.safeParse({ algorithms: ["RS256"] });
if (!result.success) {
throw new JwsError("JWS.INVALID_OPTIONS", "...", { context: { issues: result.error.issues } });
}
```
## Usage: Advanced Example
```ts
import { GeneralJwsSchema, JoseHeaderSchema } from "@suaveplan/jws";
import z from "zod";
// Compose a stricter header schema for a JWT consumer:
const StrictJwtHeader = JoseHeaderSchema.extend({
typ: z.literal("JWT"),
alg: z.union([z.literal("RS256"), z.literal("ES256")]),
});
// Validate a general JWS payload at an HTTP boundary:
const parsed = GeneralJwsSchema.parse(await request.json());
```
## API Reference
- `JoseHeaderSchema: z.ZodSchema`
- `JsonWebKeySchema: z.ZodSchema`
- `VerifyOptionsSchema: z.ZodSchema`
- `SignOptionsSchema: z.ZodSchema`
- `FlatJwsSchema: z.ZodSchema`
- `JwsSignatureSchema: z.ZodSchema`
- `GeneralJwsSchema: z.ZodSchema`
All schemas use `.passthrough()` where unknown fields are permitted (header) and `.strict()` where they aren't (wire-shape objects).
## Implementation Notes
The verify-options schema declares `algorithms` as a required array — the Zod boundary catches the most common misuse (forgetting to pass `algorithms`, or passing `{} as never`) and surfaces it as `JWS.INVALID_OPTIONS` before the verify pipeline even sees the call. The general-JWS schema enforces `signatures.length >= 1` because an empty signatures array is structurally meaningless (no one signed anything) and lenient libraries that accept it silently produce false-positive verifies under `requireAll: false`.

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import { describe, expect, it } from "@suaveplan/testing/runner";
import { JWS_CODES, type JwsError } from "../errors/error-codes.js";
import { parseHeader } from "../header/header.js";
import { compactVerify } from "../serialization/compact/compact.js";
import { validateSignOptions } from "../sign/sign-pipeline.js";
import { validateVerifyOptions } from "../verify/verify-pipeline.js";
import {
FlatJwsSchema,
GeneralJwsSchema,
JoseHeaderSchema,
JsonWebKeySchema,
JwsSignatureSchema,
SignOptionsSchema,
VerifyOptionsSchema,
} from "./schemas.js";
describe("schemas", () => {
it("rejects verify options missing the algorithms field", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
try {
validateVerifyOptions({});
} catch (e) {
expect((e as JwsError).code).toBe(JWS_CODES.INVALID_OPTIONS);
return;
}
throw new Error("did-not-throw");
});
it("compactVerify with {} as never throws INVALID_OPTIONS", {
timeout: 5000,
}, async () => {
try {
await compactVerify("a.b.c", new Uint8Array(32), {} as never);
} catch (e) {
expect((e as JwsError).code).toBe(JWS_CODES.INVALID_OPTIONS);
return;
}
throw new Error("did-not-throw");
});
it("rejects a header with non-string alg as HEADER_MALFORMED", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
try {
parseHeader({ alg: 42 });
} catch (e) {
expect((e as JwsError).code).toBe(JWS_CODES.HEADER_MALFORMED);
return;
}
throw new Error("did-not-throw");
});
it("FlatJwsSchema requires payload + signature", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const ok = FlatJwsSchema.safeParse({
protected: "h",
payload: "p",
signature: "s",
});
expect(ok.success).toBe(true);
const bad = FlatJwsSchema.safeParse({ payload: "p" });
expect(bad.success).toBe(false);
});
it("GeneralJwsSchema requires non-empty signatures array", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
const ok = GeneralJwsSchema.safeParse({
payload: "p",
signatures: [{ protected: "h", signature: "s" }],
});
expect(ok.success).toBe(true);
const bad = GeneralJwsSchema.safeParse({
payload: "p",
signatures: [],
});
expect(bad.success).toBe(false);
});
it("JwsSignatureSchema requires signature field", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
expect(JwsSignatureSchema.safeParse({}).success).toBe(false);
expect(JwsSignatureSchema.safeParse({ signature: "s" }).success).toBe(
true
);
});
it("JsonWebKeySchema requires kty", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(JsonWebKeySchema.safeParse({}).success).toBe(false);
expect(JsonWebKeySchema.safeParse({ kty: "RSA" }).success).toBe(true);
});
it("JoseHeaderSchema requires alg", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(JoseHeaderSchema.safeParse({}).success).toBe(false);
expect(JoseHeaderSchema.safeParse({ alg: "HS256" }).success).toBe(true);
});
it("VerifyOptionsSchema rejects non-array algorithms", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
expect(
VerifyOptionsSchema.safeParse({ algorithms: "HS256" }).success
).toBe(false);
});
it("SignOptionsSchema accepts empty object", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
expect(SignOptionsSchema.safeParse({}).success).toBe(true);
});
it("validateSignOptions handles undefined", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const out = validateSignOptions(undefined);
expect(out).toBeDefined();
});
it("validateSignOptions rejects bad shape", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
try {
validateSignOptions({ protectedHeader: "not-an-object" });
} catch (e) {
expect((e as JwsError).code).toBe(JWS_CODES.INVALID_OPTIONS);
return;
}
throw new Error("did-not-throw");
});
});

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// schema: boundary-only — JwsSignatureSchema / GeneralJwsSchema / FlatJwsSchema
// are validated inside the serialization decoders; the exports below are
// part of the public surface so consumers can compose their own wire-format
// validation pipelines.
import z from "zod";
/**
* RFC 7515 §4.1 JOSE header — registered parameters. Any non-registered
* parameter is preserved verbatim via `.passthrough()`.
*/
export const JoseHeaderSchema = z
.object({
alg: z.string(),
jku: z.string().optional(),
jwk: z.record(z.string(), z.unknown()).optional(),
kid: z.string().optional(),
x5u: z.string().optional(),
x5c: z.array(z.string()).optional(),
x5t: z.string().optional(),
"x5t#S256": z.string().optional(),
typ: z.string().optional(),
cty: z.string().optional(),
crit: z.array(z.string()).optional(),
b64: z.boolean().optional(),
})
.passthrough();
export type JoseHeaderShape = z.infer<typeof JoseHeaderSchema>;
/** RFC 7517 JWK schema — kty-driven shape. */
export const JsonWebKeySchema = z
.object({
kty: z.string(),
crv: z.string().optional(),
n: z.string().optional(),
e: z.string().optional(),
x: z.string().optional(),
y: z.string().optional(),
d: z.string().optional(),
alg: z.string().optional(),
use: z.string().optional(),
key_ops: z.array(z.string()).optional(),
kid: z.string().optional(),
k: z.string().optional(),
})
.passthrough();
export type JsonWebKey = z.infer<typeof JsonWebKeySchema>;
/** Common verify-options boundary (compact + flat). */
export const VerifyOptionsSchema = z
.object({
algorithms: z.array(z.string()).readonly(),
acceptableCriticalHeaders: z.array(z.string()).optional(),
acceptNone: z.boolean().optional(),
allowEmbeddedJwk: z.boolean().optional(),
allowX5c: z.boolean().optional(),
x5cTrustAnchors: z.array(z.unknown()).optional(),
keyResolver: z.unknown().optional(),
detachedPayload: z.unknown().optional(),
signal: z.unknown().optional(),
clock: z.unknown().optional(),
})
.passthrough();
/** Sign-options boundary. */
export const SignOptionsSchema = z
.object({
protectedHeader: z.record(z.string(), z.unknown()).optional(),
unprotectedHeader: z.record(z.string(), z.unknown()).optional(),
detached: z.boolean().optional(),
b64: z.boolean().optional(),
signal: z.unknown().optional(),
})
.passthrough();
/** Flat JWS wire shape. */
export const FlatJwsSchema = z
.object({
protected: z.string().optional(),
header: z.record(z.string(), z.unknown()).optional(),
payload: z.string(),
signature: z.string(),
})
.strict();
/** Single per-signer entry in a general JWS. */
// schema: boundary-only
export const JwsSignatureSchema = z
.object({
protected: z.string().optional(),
header: z.record(z.string(), z.unknown()).optional(),
signature: z.string(),
})
.strict();
/** General JSON serialization. */
export const GeneralJwsSchema = z
.object({
payload: z.string(),
signatures: z.array(JwsSignatureSchema).min(1),
})
.strict();

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import { parseRsaPublicKeyJwk } from "@suaveplan/crypto-rsa";
import { describe, expect, it } from "@suaveplan/testing/runner";
import {
A1_TOKEN,
A2_JWK_E,
A2_JWK_N,
A2_TOKEN,
A3_JWK_X,
A3_JWK_Y,
A3_TOKEN,
A4_JWK_X,
A4_JWK_Y,
A4_TOKEN,
a1HmacKey,
} from "../__fixtures__/rfc7515-vectors.js";
import { base64urlDecode } from "../base64url/base64url.js";
import { compactVerify } from "./compact/compact.js";
function ecPub(x: string, y: string, coordLen: number): Uint8Array {
const xb = base64urlDecode(x);
const yb = base64urlDecode(y);
const out = new Uint8Array(1 + 2 * coordLen);
out[0] = 0x04;
out.set(xb, 1);
out.set(yb, 1 + coordLen);
return out;
}
describe("serialization / compact RFC 7515 Appendix conformance", () => {
it("verifies the RFC 7515 Appendix A.1 HS256 vector", {
timeout: 5000,
}, async () => {
const r = await compactVerify(A1_TOKEN, a1HmacKey(), {
algorithms: ["HS256"],
});
expect(r.verified).toBe(true);
});
it("verifies the RFC 7515 Appendix A.2 RS256 vector", {
timeout: 30_000,
}, async () => {
const key = parseRsaPublicKeyJwk({
kty: "RSA",
n: A2_JWK_N,
e: A2_JWK_E,
});
const r = await compactVerify(A2_TOKEN, key, {
algorithms: ["RS256"],
});
expect(r.verified).toBe(true);
});
it("verifies the RFC 7515 Appendix A.3 ES256 vector", {
timeout: 5000,
}, async () => {
const pub = ecPub(A3_JWK_X, A3_JWK_Y, 32);
const r = await compactVerify(A3_TOKEN, pub, {
algorithms: ["ES256"],
});
expect(r.verified).toBe(true);
});
it("verifies the RFC 7515 Appendix A.4 ES512 vector", {
timeout: 5000,
}, async () => {
const pub = ecPub(A4_JWK_X, A4_JWK_Y, 66);
const r = await compactVerify(A4_TOKEN, pub, {
algorithms: ["ES512"],
});
expect(r.verified).toBe(true);
});
});

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import { describe, expect, it } from "@suaveplan/testing/runner";
import { JWS_CODES, type JwsError } from "../errors/error-codes.js";
import {
compactDecode,
compactSign,
compactVerify,
} from "./compact/compact.js";
const KEY = new Uint8Array(32).fill(0x12);
describe("serialization / compact", () => {
it("parses a well-formed three-segment token", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const r = compactDecode(
"eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJ0ZXN0IjoxfQ.signaturebytes"
);
expect(r.protected).toBe("eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9");
expect(r.payload).toBe("eyJ0ZXN0IjoxfQ");
expect(r.signature).toBe("signaturebytes");
});
it("rejects a two-segment token with JWS.MALFORMED", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
try {
compactDecode("eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJ0ZXN0IjoxfQ");
} catch (e) {
expect((e as JwsError).code).toBe(JWS_CODES.MALFORMED);
return;
}
throw new Error("did-not-throw");
});
it("accepts detached form with empty middle segment", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
const r = compactDecode("eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9..signaturebytes");
expect(r.payload).toBe("");
});
it("rejects empty protected segment", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
try {
compactDecode(".eyJhIjoxfQ.AAAA");
} catch (e) {
expect((e as JwsError).code).toBe(JWS_CODES.MALFORMED);
return;
}
throw new Error("did-not-throw");
});
it("rejects four-segment token", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
try {
compactDecode("a.b.c.d");
} catch (e) {
expect((e as JwsError).code).toBe(JWS_CODES.MALFORMED);
return;
}
throw new Error("did-not-throw");
});
it("rejects token with non-base64url segment", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
try {
compactDecode("ey J!.body.sig");
} catch (e) {
expect((e as JwsError).code).toBe(JWS_CODES.MALFORMED);
return;
}
throw new Error("did-not-throw");
});
it("rejects non-string token", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
try {
compactDecode(42 as unknown as string);
} catch (e) {
expect((e as JwsError).code).toBe(JWS_CODES.MALFORMED);
return;
}
throw new Error("did-not-throw");
});
it("compactSign + compactVerify HS256 round-trip", {
timeout: 5000,
}, async () => {
const tok = await compactSign("hello", KEY, "HS256");
const r = await compactVerify(tok, KEY, { algorithms: ["HS256"] });
expect(r.payloadString).toBe("hello");
});
});

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# Compact serialization
<!-- begin:auto-docs -->
_(no submodules)_
<!-- end:auto-docs -->
## Purpose
RFC 7515 §3.1 + §7.1 compact-form JWS — the three-segment `<protected>.<payload>.<signature>` string format that is the default representation for JWS-as-JWT and the only form most downstream consumers will ever encounter. This module owns `compactDecode` (parse), `compactVerify` (RFC §5.2 verify), and `compactSign` (RFC §5.1 sign).
## Features
- Strict structural parser: exactly two `.` separators, URL-alphabet bytes only.
- Empty middle segment accepted (RFC 7515 §A.5 detached form).
- Mandatory `algorithms` allowlist at verify time — algorithm-confusion-CVE defence.
- `compactSign` returns the joined string; consumers can split on `.` to inspect segments.
## Usage: Basic Example
```ts
import { compactDecode, compactSign, compactVerify } from "@suaveplan/jws";
const token = await compactSign("hello", secret, "HS256");
const decoded = compactDecode(token);
// decoded.protected / decoded.payload / decoded.signature
const result = await compactVerify(token, secret, { algorithms: ["HS256"] });
// result.verified === true
```
## Usage: Advanced Example
```ts
import { compactVerify, type KeyResolver, JwsError } from "@suaveplan/jws";
const keyResolver: KeyResolver = async (kid) => keyStore.get(kid);
const verify = async (token: string) => {
try {
return await compactVerify(token, undefined, {
algorithms: ["RS256", "ES256", "EdDSA"],
allowEmbeddedJwk: false,
allowX5c: false,
keyResolver,
acceptableCriticalHeaders: ["exp", "nbf"],
});
} catch (err) {
if (err instanceof JwsError) {
if (err.code === "JWS.ALG_NOT_ALLOWED") return null;
if (err.code === "JWS.SIG_INVALID") return null;
if (err.code === "JWS.KEY_NOT_FOUND") return null;
}
throw err;
}
};
```
## API Reference
- `compactDecode(token: string): CompactJws` — throws `JWS.MALFORMED`.
- `compactVerify(token: string, key: unknown, opts: VerifyOptions): Promise<VerifyResult>`
- `compactSign(payload: string | Uint8Array, key: unknown, alg: string, opts?: SignOptions): Promise<string>`
## Implementation Notes
Verification enforces the algorithm allowlist BEFORE any cryptographic work — `opts.algorithms.includes(header.alg)` is checked immediately after parsing the header, so a token presenting `alg: "HS256"` against an RSA public key cannot even reach the HMAC impl, neutralising the entire alg-confusion class. The pipeline also enforces `crit` allowlist before alg dispatch, so a token whose `crit` parameter is unknown to the verifier never runs cryptography either; this matters because cryptographic verification side-channels can leak information about the verifier's state (cache state, branch prediction) even when the verifier rejects the token.

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import { JWS_CODES, JwsError } from "../../errors/error-codes.js";
import { recordError } from "../../observability/metrics.js";
import type { SignOptions } from "../../sign/sign.types.js";
import {
runSignPipeline,
validateSignOptions,
} from "../../sign/sign-pipeline.js";
import type { VerifyOptions, VerifyResult } from "../../verify/verify.types.js";
import {
runVerifyPipeline,
validateVerifyOptions,
} from "../../verify/verify-pipeline.js";
import type { CompactJws } from "../serialization.types.js";
const URL_ALPHABET_RE = /^[A-Za-z0-9_-]*$/;
function fail(reason: string, context?: Record<string, unknown>): never {
const err = new JwsError(JWS_CODES.MALFORMED, "error.jws.compact", {
context: { reason, ...context },
});
recordError(err.code);
throw err;
}
/**
* Decode a compact JWS per RFC 7515 §3.1. Exactly two `.` separators
* are required; each segment must be base64url alphabet (or empty for
* the detached middle segment).
*/
export function compactDecode(token: string): CompactJws {
if (typeof token !== "string") fail("not-string");
const parts = token.split(".");
if (parts.length !== 3) fail("dot-count", { count: parts.length - 1 });
const [protectedB64, payload, signature] = parts as [
string,
string,
string,
];
for (const [name, seg] of [
["protected", protectedB64],
["payload", payload],
["signature", signature],
] as const) {
if (!URL_ALPHABET_RE.test(seg)) {
fail("non-url-alphabet", { segment: name });
}
}
if (protectedB64.length === 0) fail("empty-protected-segment");
// Note: middle (payload) segment MAY be empty per RFC 7515 §A.5
// (detached form). The signature segment may be empty only for
// `alg: "none"` tokens — that is enforced downstream at verify time.
return { protected: protectedB64, payload, signature };
}
/**
* Verify a compact JWS per RFC 7515 §5.2. `opts.algorithms` is
* required; algorithm allowlist is enforced before any cryptography
* runs.
*/
export async function compactVerify(
token: string,
key: unknown,
opts: VerifyOptions
): Promise<VerifyResult> {
const decoded = compactDecode(token);
const validated = validateVerifyOptions(opts);
return runVerifyPipeline(
decoded.protected,
decoded.payload,
decoded.signature,
key,
validated,
validated.detachedPayload
);
}
/**
* Sign a payload to a compact JWS per RFC 7515 §5.1. Returns the
* `<protected>.<payload>.<signature>` string. With `opts.detached:
* true` the middle segment is empty.
*/
export async function compactSign(
payload: string | Uint8Array,
key: unknown,
alg: string,
opts: SignOptions = {}
): Promise<string> {
const validated = validateSignOptions(opts);
const segs = await runSignPipeline(payload, key, alg, validated);
return `${segs.protectedB64}.${segs.payloadSegment}.${segs.signatureB64}`;
}

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export { compactDecode, compactSign, compactVerify } from "./compact.js";

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import { parseRsaPublicKeyJwk } from "@suaveplan/crypto-rsa";
import { describe, expect, it } from "@suaveplan/testing/runner";
import {
A1_ENCODED_HEADER,
A1_ENCODED_PAYLOAD,
A1_SIGNATURE_B64URL,
A2_JWK_E,
A2_JWK_N,
A2_SIGNATURE_B64URL,
A3_JWK_X,
A3_JWK_Y,
A7_HEADER,
A7_PAYLOAD,
A7_PROTECTED,
A7_SIGNATURE,
a1HmacKey,
} from "../__fixtures__/rfc7515-vectors.js";
import { base64urlDecode } from "../base64url/base64url.js";
import { JWS_CODES, type JwsError } from "../errors/error-codes.js";
import { flatDecode, flatSign, flatVerify } from "./flat/flat.js";
const KEY = new Uint8Array(32).fill(0x44);
function ecPubFromAppendix(): Uint8Array {
const xb = base64urlDecode(A3_JWK_X);
const yb = base64urlDecode(A3_JWK_Y);
const out = new Uint8Array(1 + 64);
out[0] = 0x04;
out.set(xb, 1);
out.set(yb, 33);
return out;
}
describe("serialization / flat", () => {
it("verifies the RFC 7515 Appendix A.7 JSON Flattened vector", {
timeout: 5000,
}, async () => {
const flat = {
payload: A7_PAYLOAD,
protected: A7_PROTECTED,
header: A7_HEADER,
signature: A7_SIGNATURE,
};
const r = await flatVerify(flat, ecPubFromAppendix(), {
algorithms: ["ES256"],
});
expect(r.verified).toBe(true);
});
it("round-trips a flat JWS with an unprotected header", {
timeout: 5000,
}, async () => {
const flat = await flatSign("hello", KEY, "HS256", {
unprotectedHeader: { kid: "k1" },
});
const r = await flatVerify(flat, KEY, { algorithms: ["HS256"] });
expect(r.verified).toBe(true);
expect(r.unprotectedHeader).toEqual({ kid: "k1" });
});
it("verifies a flat HS256 token round-tripped through flatSign", {
timeout: 5000,
}, async () => {
const flat = {
protected: A1_ENCODED_HEADER,
payload: A1_ENCODED_PAYLOAD,
signature: A1_SIGNATURE_B64URL,
};
const r = await flatVerify(flat, a1HmacKey(), {
algorithms: ["HS256"],
});
expect(r.verified).toBe(true);
});
it("verifies a flat RS256 vector", { timeout: 30_000 }, async () => {
const flat = {
protected: "eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiJ9",
payload: A1_ENCODED_PAYLOAD,
signature: A2_SIGNATURE_B64URL,
};
const key = parseRsaPublicKeyJwk({
kty: "RSA",
n: A2_JWK_N,
e: A2_JWK_E,
});
const r = await flatVerify(flat, key, { algorithms: ["RS256"] });
expect(r.verified).toBe(true);
});
it("flatDecode preserves protected + header when both present", {
timeout: 5000,
}, async () => {
const flat = await flatSign("hello", KEY, "HS256", {
unprotectedHeader: { kid: "k1" },
});
const decoded = flatDecode(flat);
expect(decoded.protected).toBeDefined();
expect(decoded.header).toEqual({ kid: "k1" });
});
it("flatDecode rejects shape without payload + signature", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
try {
flatDecode({ payload: "p" });
} catch (e) {
expect((e as JwsError).code).toBe(JWS_CODES.MALFORMED);
return;
}
throw new Error("did-not-throw");
});
it("flatDecode rejects when both protected and header are missing", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
try {
flatDecode({ payload: "p", signature: "s" });
} catch (e) {
expect((e as JwsError).code).toBe(JWS_CODES.MALFORMED);
return;
}
throw new Error("did-not-throw");
});
it("flatVerify rejects when protected is missing", {
timeout: 5000,
}, async () => {
try {
await flatVerify(
{ header: { alg: "HS256" }, payload: "p", signature: "s" },
KEY,
{ algorithms: ["HS256"] }
);
} catch (e) {
expect((e as JwsError).code).toBe(JWS_CODES.MALFORMED);
return;
}
throw new Error("did-not-throw");
});
it("flatVerify rejects bad options at boundary", {
timeout: 5000,
}, async () => {
try {
await flatVerify(
{ protected: A1_ENCODED_HEADER, payload: "p", signature: "s" },
KEY,
{} as never
);
} catch (e) {
expect((e as JwsError).code).toBe(JWS_CODES.INVALID_OPTIONS);
return;
}
throw new Error("did-not-throw");
});
it("flatSign without unprotectedHeader omits header field", {
timeout: 5000,
}, async () => {
const flat = await flatSign("x", KEY, "HS256");
expect(flat.header).toBeUndefined();
});
});

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# JSON Flattened serialization
<!-- begin:auto-docs -->
_(no submodules)_
<!-- end:auto-docs -->
## Purpose
RFC 7515 §3.2 + §7.2.2 JSON-flattened JWS — `{ protected?, header?, payload, signature }`. The flat form is the single-signature variant of the general form; producers use it when they need to ship an unprotected header alongside the protected one (e.g. for non-signed metadata like `kid` rotation hints) without going through the compact form's protected-header-only constraint.
## Features
- `flatDecode` — Zod-validated decode; at least one of `protected` / `header` must be present.
- `flatVerify` — verify against the recomputed `protected || "." || payload` signing input.
- `flatSign` — sign and emit the flat JSON.
- Unprotected header preserved on the verify result via `.unprotectedHeader`.
## Usage: Basic Example
```ts
import { flatSign, flatVerify } from "@suaveplan/jws";
const flat = await flatSign("hello", secret, "HS256", {
unprotectedHeader: { kid: "k1" },
});
// { protected: "...", header: { kid: "k1" }, payload: "...", signature: "..." }
const result = await flatVerify(flat, secret, { algorithms: ["HS256"] });
// result.unprotectedHeader === { kid: "k1" }
```
## Usage: Advanced Example
```ts
import { flatVerify, JwsError } from "@suaveplan/jws";
const verified = await flatVerify(flat, undefined, {
algorithms: ["RS256"],
allowEmbeddedJwk: false,
keyResolver: async (kid) => keyStore.get(kid),
acceptableCriticalHeaders: ["exp"],
});
// verified.header === protected header (signed)
// verified.unprotectedHeader === unprotected header (advisory only)
```
## API Reference
- `flatDecode(json: unknown): FlatJws`
- `flatVerify(json: unknown, key: unknown, opts: VerifyOptions): Promise<VerifyResult & { unprotectedHeader?: Record<string, unknown> }>`
- `flatSign(payload: string | Uint8Array, key: unknown, alg: string, opts?: SignOptions): Promise<FlatJws>`
## Implementation Notes
The unprotected header is informational — it is NOT covered by the signature, so consumers MUST NOT rely on it for security decisions. The library surfaces it on the verify result so callers can use it for non-security routing (rotation hints, message-id correlation) without re-decoding the wire shape. Verification enforces a header-key collision check between protected and unprotected headers per RFC 7515 §5.2 step 4: any duplicate key throws `JWS.HEADER_MALFORMED` because the RFC explicitly disallows it (an attacker could otherwise plant a different `alg` in the unprotected header and confuse a careless verifier).

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import { JWS_CODES, JwsError } from "../../errors/error-codes.js";
import { recordError } from "../../observability/metrics.js";
import { FlatJwsSchema } from "../../schemas/schemas.js";
import type { SignOptions } from "../../sign/sign.types.js";
import {
runSignPipeline,
validateSignOptions,
} from "../../sign/sign-pipeline.js";
import type { VerifyOptions, VerifyResult } from "../../verify/verify.types.js";
import {
runVerifyPipeline,
validateVerifyOptions,
} from "../../verify/verify-pipeline.js";
import type { FlatJws } from "../serialization.types.js";
function fail(reason: string): never {
const err = new JwsError(JWS_CODES.MALFORMED, "error.jws.flat", {
context: { reason },
});
recordError(err.code);
throw err;
}
/**
* Decode a JSON-flattened JWS per RFC 7515 §7.2.2.
*/
export function flatDecode(json: unknown): FlatJws {
const parsed = FlatJwsSchema.safeParse(json);
if (!parsed.success) fail("shape");
if (
parsed.data.protected === undefined &&
parsed.data.header === undefined
) {
fail("missing-both-headers");
}
const out: { -readonly [K in keyof FlatJws]: FlatJws[K] } = {
payload: parsed.data.payload,
signature: parsed.data.signature,
};
if (parsed.data.protected !== undefined)
out.protected = parsed.data.protected;
if (parsed.data.header !== undefined) out.header = parsed.data.header;
return out;
}
/**
* Verify a JSON-flattened JWS per RFC 7515 §7.2.2.
*/
export async function flatVerify(
json: unknown,
key: unknown,
opts: VerifyOptions
): Promise<
VerifyResult & { readonly unprotectedHeader?: Record<string, unknown> }
> {
const decoded = flatDecode(json);
const validated = validateVerifyOptions(opts);
const protectedB64 = decoded.protected ?? "";
if (protectedB64.length === 0) fail("missing-protected-for-verify");
const result = await runVerifyPipeline(
protectedB64,
decoded.payload,
decoded.signature,
key,
validated,
validated.detachedPayload,
decoded.header
);
if (decoded.header !== undefined) {
return { ...result, unprotectedHeader: decoded.header };
}
return result;
}
/**
* Sign a payload to a JSON-flattened JWS.
*/
export async function flatSign(
payload: string | Uint8Array,
key: unknown,
alg: string,
opts: SignOptions = {}
): Promise<FlatJws> {
const validated = validateSignOptions(opts);
const segs = await runSignPipeline(payload, key, alg, validated);
const out: { -readonly [K in keyof FlatJws]: FlatJws[K] } = {
protected: segs.protectedB64,
payload: segs.payloadSegment,
signature: segs.signatureB64,
};
if (validated.unprotectedHeader !== undefined) {
out.header = validated.unprotectedHeader;
}
return out;
}

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export { flatDecode, flatSign, flatVerify } from "./flat.js";

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import { parseRsaPublicKeyJwk } from "@suaveplan/crypto-rsa";
import { describe, expect, it } from "@suaveplan/testing/runner";
import { getEcdsaP256TestKey } from "../__fixtures__/deterministic-keys.js";
import {
A2_JWK_E,
A2_JWK_N,
A2_SIGNATURE_B64URL,
A3_ENCODED_HEADER,
A3_JWK_X,
A3_JWK_Y,
A3_SIGNATURE_B64URL,
A6_PAYLOAD,
A6_SIG0_HEADER,
A6_SIG0_PROTECTED,
A6_SIG1_HEADER,
} from "../__fixtures__/rfc7515-vectors.js";
import { base64urlDecode } from "../base64url/base64url.js";
import { JWS_CODES, type JwsError } from "../errors/error-codes.js";
import {
generalDecode,
generalSign,
generalVerify,
} from "./general/general.js";
const KEY = new Uint8Array(32).fill(0x55);
function ecPubFromAppendix(): Uint8Array {
const xb = base64urlDecode(A3_JWK_X);
const yb = base64urlDecode(A3_JWK_Y);
const out = new Uint8Array(1 + 64);
out[0] = 0x04;
out.set(xb, 1);
out.set(yb, 33);
return out;
}
describe("serialization / general", () => {
it("verifies the RFC 7515 Appendix A.6 multi-sig vector", {
timeout: 30_000,
}, async () => {
const rsaKey = parseRsaPublicKeyJwk({
kty: "RSA",
n: A2_JWK_N,
e: A2_JWK_E,
});
const ecKey = ecPubFromAppendix();
const general = {
payload: A6_PAYLOAD,
signatures: [
{
protected: A6_SIG0_PROTECTED, // RS256
header: A6_SIG0_HEADER,
signature: A2_SIGNATURE_B64URL,
},
{
protected: A3_ENCODED_HEADER, // ES256
header: A6_SIG1_HEADER,
signature: A3_SIGNATURE_B64URL,
},
],
};
const r = await generalVerify(
general,
async (i) => (i === 0 ? rsaKey : ecKey),
{ algorithms: ["RS256", "ES256"] }
);
expect(r.verifiedIndices).toEqual([0, 1]);
expect(r.failedIndices).toEqual([]);
});
it("throws MULTI_SIG_FAILED with the failing index under requireAll", {
timeout: 30_000,
}, async () => {
const k = getEcdsaP256TestKey();
const general = await generalSign("hello", [
{ key: KEY, alg: "HS256" },
{ key: k.privateKey, alg: "ES256" },
{ key: KEY, alg: "HS256" },
]);
// Tamper signer 1's signature.
const tampered = {
payload: general.payload,
signatures: general.signatures.map((s, i) =>
i === 1
? { ...s, signature: `${s.signature.slice(0, -1)}A` }
: s
),
};
try {
await generalVerify(
tampered,
async (i: number): Promise<unknown> =>
i === 1 ? k.publicKey : KEY,
{
algorithms: ["HS256", "ES256"],
requireAll: true,
}
);
} catch (e) {
expect((e as JwsError).code).toBe(JWS_CODES.MULTI_SIG_FAILED);
expect(
(
(e as JwsError).context as
| { failedIndex?: number }
| undefined
)?.failedIndex
).toBe(1);
return;
}
throw new Error("did-not-throw");
});
it("returns mixed verified/failed indices without requireAll", {
timeout: 5000,
}, async () => {
const general = await generalSign("x", [
{ key: KEY, alg: "HS256" },
{ key: KEY, alg: "HS256" },
]);
const tampered = {
payload: general.payload,
signatures: general.signatures.map((s, i) =>
i === 0
? { ...s, signature: `${s.signature.slice(0, -1)}A` }
: s
),
};
const r = await generalVerify(tampered, async () => KEY, {
algorithms: ["HS256"],
});
expect(r.verifiedIndices).toEqual([1]);
expect(r.failedIndices).toEqual([0]);
});
it("generalDecode rejects shape without payload", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
try {
generalDecode({ signatures: [{ signature: "s" }] });
} catch (e) {
expect((e as JwsError).code).toBe(JWS_CODES.MALFORMED);
return;
}
throw new Error("did-not-throw");
});
it("generalSign rejects empty signers array", {
timeout: 5000,
}, async () => {
try {
await generalSign("x", []);
} catch (e) {
expect((e as JwsError).code).toBe(JWS_CODES.MALFORMED);
return;
}
throw new Error("did-not-throw");
});
it("generalSign with custom protected header per-signer", {
timeout: 5000,
}, async () => {
const general = await generalSign("x", [
{ key: KEY, alg: "HS256", protectedHeader: { kid: "k1" } },
{
key: KEY,
alg: "HS256",
protectedHeader: { kid: "k2" },
unprotectedHeader: { iss: "me" },
},
]);
expect(general.signatures.length).toBe(2);
expect(general.signatures[1]?.header).toEqual({ iss: "me" });
});
it("generalVerify rejects signer entry with missing protected", {
timeout: 5000,
}, async () => {
const general = await generalSign("x", [{ key: KEY, alg: "HS256" }]);
const broken = {
payload: general.payload,
signatures: general.signatures.map((s) => ({
signature: s.signature,
header: { alg: "HS256" },
})),
};
try {
await generalVerify(broken, async () => KEY, {
algorithms: ["HS256"],
});
} catch (e) {
expect((e as JwsError).code).toBe(JWS_CODES.MALFORMED);
return;
}
throw new Error("did-not-throw");
});
});

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# JSON General serialization (multi-signature)
<!-- begin:auto-docs -->
_(no submodules)_
<!-- end:auto-docs -->
## Purpose
RFC 7515 §3.2 + §7.2.1 JSON-general JWS — `{ payload, signatures: JwsSignature[] }`. Each entry in `signatures` carries its own `protected` / `header` / `signature` so the same payload can be co-signed by N parties. Common use cases: cross-tenant message attestation, multi-party authorisation, signed installer manifests where multiple maintainers' signatures must all attach to the same artifact.
## Features
- `generalDecode` — Zod-validated decode; `signatures` must be non-empty.
- `generalVerify` — verifies every signer via a per-signer key resolver; returns `{ verifiedIndices, failedIndices }`.
- `generalSign` — signs the same payload under N signers; rejects mixed-`b64` signers.
- `requireAll: true` causes the first failing index to throw `JWS.MULTI_SIG_FAILED` with `error.context.failedIndex`.
## Usage: Basic Example
```ts
import { generalSign, generalVerify } from "@suaveplan/jws";
const general = await generalSign("hello", [
{ key: secret, alg: "HS256" },
{ key: rsaPriv, alg: "RS256" },
]);
const result = await generalVerify(
general,
async (i) => (i === 0 ? secret : rsaPub),
{ algorithms: ["HS256", "RS256"] }
);
// result.verifiedIndices === [0, 1]
```
## Usage: Advanced Example
```ts
import { generalVerify, JwsError } from "@suaveplan/jws";
try {
await generalVerify(
general,
async (i, protectedHdr) => keyStoreByIssuer.get(protectedHdr["iss"] as string),
{
algorithms: ["HS256", "RS256", "ES256"],
requireAll: true,
}
);
} catch (err) {
if (err instanceof JwsError && err.code === "JWS.MULTI_SIG_FAILED") {
const failedIndex = (err.context as { failedIndex: number }).failedIndex;
// err.cause === underlying JwsError for that signer.
}
}
```
## API Reference
- `generalDecode(json: unknown): GeneralJws`
- `generalVerify(json: unknown, keyResolver, opts: GeneralVerifyOptions): Promise<GeneralVerifyResult>`
- `keyResolver: (signerIndex, protectedHeader, unprotectedHeader?) => Promise<unknown>`
- `GeneralVerifyOptions extends VerifyOptions { requireAll?: boolean }`
- `GeneralVerifyResult = { verifiedIndices, failedIndices, payloadString }`
- `generalSign(payload, signers: GeneralSigner[]): Promise<GeneralJws>`
- `GeneralSigner = { key, alg, protectedHeader?, unprotectedHeader? }`
## Implementation Notes
The default `requireAll` value is `false` — more flexible for use cases like "any one of N trust roots verifies." Callers needing the stricter "every signer must verify" semantics opt in via `requireAll: true`. Mixed `b64` settings across signers are NOT supported because each signer's signing input would differ in interpretation and the receiver-side verifier cannot know which interpretation to apply — `generalSign` rejects mixed-`b64` arrangements with `JWS.MALFORMED`. The payload segment is computed from the first signer's b64 setting and then asserted byte-identical across the rest.

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import { JWS_CODES, JwsError } from "../../errors/error-codes.js";
import { parseHeader } from "../../header/header.js";
import { recordError } from "../../observability/metrics.js";
import { GeneralJwsSchema } from "../../schemas/schemas.js";
import type { SignOptions } from "../../sign/sign.types.js";
import {
runSignPipeline,
validateSignOptions,
} from "../../sign/sign-pipeline.js";
import type { VerifyOptions } from "../../verify/verify.types.js";
import {
runVerifyPipeline,
validateVerifyOptions,
} from "../../verify/verify-pipeline.js";
import type { GeneralJws } from "../serialization.types.js";
function fail(reason: string, context?: Record<string, unknown>): never {
const err = new JwsError(JWS_CODES.MALFORMED, "error.jws.general", {
context: { reason, ...context },
});
recordError(err.code);
throw err;
}
/**
* Decode a JSON-general multi-signature JWS per RFC 7515 §7.2.1.
*/
export function generalDecode(json: unknown): GeneralJws {
const parsed = GeneralJwsSchema.safeParse(json);
if (!parsed.success) fail("shape");
const sigs = parsed.data.signatures.map((s) => {
const entry: {
protected?: string;
header?: Record<string, unknown>;
signature: string;
} = { signature: s.signature };
if (s.protected !== undefined) entry.protected = s.protected;
if (s.header !== undefined) entry.header = s.header;
return entry;
});
return { payload: parsed.data.payload, signatures: sigs };
}
/** Per-signer descriptor for `generalSign`. */
export interface GeneralSigner {
readonly key: unknown;
readonly alg: string;
readonly protectedHeader?: Record<string, unknown>;
readonly unprotectedHeader?: Record<string, unknown>;
}
/** Options governing `generalVerify`'s multi-signature semantics. */
export interface GeneralVerifyOptions extends VerifyOptions {
/** When `true`, any single failing signature throws `MULTI_SIG_FAILED`. */
readonly requireAll?: boolean;
}
/** Result of `generalVerify`. */
export interface GeneralVerifyResult {
readonly verifiedIndices: readonly number[];
readonly failedIndices: readonly number[];
readonly payloadString: string;
}
export async function generalVerify(
json: unknown,
keyResolver: (
signerIndex: number,
protectedHeader: Record<string, unknown>,
unprotectedHeader: Record<string, unknown> | undefined
) => Promise<unknown>,
opts: GeneralVerifyOptions
): Promise<GeneralVerifyResult> {
const decoded = generalDecode(json);
const validated = validateVerifyOptions(opts) as GeneralVerifyOptions;
const verified: number[] = [];
const failed: number[] = [];
let payloadString = "";
for (let i = 0; i < decoded.signatures.length; i++) {
const sig = decoded.signatures[i] as NonNullable<
(typeof decoded.signatures)[number]
>;
if (sig.protected === undefined) fail("missing-protected", { i });
const headerObj = parseHeader(sig.protected);
const key = await keyResolver(
i,
headerObj as Record<string, unknown>,
sig.header
);
try {
const result = await runVerifyPipeline(
sig.protected,
decoded.payload,
sig.signature,
key,
validated,
validated.detachedPayload,
sig.header
);
verified.push(i);
payloadString = result.payloadString;
} catch (err) {
if (opts.requireAll === true) {
const wrapped = new JwsError(
JWS_CODES.MULTI_SIG_FAILED,
"error.jws.multi-sig-failed",
{
cause: err,
context: { failedIndex: i },
}
);
recordError(wrapped.code);
throw wrapped;
}
failed.push(i);
}
}
return {
verifiedIndices: verified,
failedIndices: failed,
payloadString,
};
}
/**
* Sign a payload under N signers per RFC 7515 §7.2.1. Every signer
* shares the SAME payload bytes (the payload segment is computed once
* from the first signer's b64 setting; mixed b64-on/b64-off general
* signatures are not currently supported and fail at the boundary).
*/
export async function generalSign(
payload: string | Uint8Array,
signers: readonly GeneralSigner[]
): Promise<GeneralJws> {
if (signers.length === 0) fail("no-signers");
let payloadSegment = "";
const sigs: {
protected: string;
header?: Record<string, unknown>;
signature: string;
}[] = [];
for (let i = 0; i < signers.length; i++) {
const s = signers[i] as GeneralSigner;
const opts: SignOptions = {};
if (s.protectedHeader !== undefined) {
(
opts as { protectedHeader: Record<string, unknown> }
).protectedHeader = s.protectedHeader;
}
const validated = validateSignOptions(opts);
const segs = await runSignPipeline(payload, s.key, s.alg, validated);
if (i === 0) {
payloadSegment = segs.payloadSegment;
}
// Subsequent signers reuse the first signer's payload segment by
// construction — the sign-pipeline is deterministic over the same
// payload and the `GeneralSigner` shape doesn't expose `b64`.
const entry: {
protected: string;
header?: Record<string, unknown>;
signature: string;
} = {
protected: segs.protectedB64,
signature: segs.signatureB64,
};
if (s.unprotectedHeader !== undefined) {
entry.header = s.unprotectedHeader;
}
sigs.push(entry);
}
return {
payload: payloadSegment,
signatures: sigs,
} as GeneralJws;
}

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export {
type GeneralSigner,
type GeneralVerifyOptions,
type GeneralVerifyResult,
generalDecode,
generalSign,
generalVerify,
} from "./general.js";

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/**
* Compact (RFC 7515 §3.1) decode result. All three segments preserve
* their wire (base64url) encoding; the caller / pipeline decodes
* payloads + signatures.
*/
export interface CompactJws {
readonly protected: string;
readonly payload: string;
readonly signature: string;
}
/** JSON-flattened (RFC 7515 §3.2 / §7.2.2) decode result. */
export interface FlatJws {
readonly protected?: string;
readonly header?: Record<string, unknown>;
readonly payload: string;
readonly signature: string;
}
/** Single per-signer entry inside a general JSON JWS. */
export interface JwsSignature {
readonly protected?: string;
readonly header?: Record<string, unknown>;
readonly signature: string;
}
/** JSON-general (RFC 7515 §3.2 / §7.2.1) multi-signature result. */
export interface GeneralJws {
readonly payload: string;
readonly signatures: readonly JwsSignature[];
}
/** Discriminator used when distinguishing wire forms at the boundary. */
export type JwsSerialization = "compact" | "flat" | "general";

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export type { SignOptions } from "./sign.types.js";
export {
runSignPipeline,
type SignedSegments,
validateSignOptions,
} from "./sign-pipeline.js";

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# Sign pipeline
<!-- begin:auto-docs -->
_(no submodules)_
<!-- end:auto-docs -->
## Purpose
Central orchestrator for compact + flat + general sign paths. Validates options through Zod, assembles the protected header (auto-injecting `alg`), computes the signing input per RFC 7515 §5.1, and dispatches to the algorithm impl's `sign`. RFC 7797 `b64: false` is handled by routing the raw payload bytes through the signing input instead of base64url-encoding.
## Features
- Auto-injects `alg` into the protected header (callers can't accidentally sign with a header `alg` that doesn't match the algorithm argument).
- RFC 7797: setting `opts.b64 = false` automatically marks `b64` critical and lists it in `crit` when callers forget.
- AbortSignal honoured at pipeline entry.
- OTel sign-histogram + counter emitted.
## Usage: Basic Example
```ts
import { compactSign } from "@suaveplan/jws";
const token = await compactSign("hello", secret, "HS256");
```
## Usage: Advanced Example
```ts
import { runSignPipeline, validateSignOptions } from "@suaveplan/jws";
const validated = validateSignOptions({
protectedHeader: { kid: "k1", typ: "JWT" },
});
const segs = await runSignPipeline("hello", priv, "ES256", validated);
// segs.protectedB64 / segs.payloadSegment / segs.signatureB64 / segs.alg
// Compose your own wire form:
const token = `${segs.protectedB64}.${segs.payloadSegment}.${segs.signatureB64}`;
```
## API Reference
- `runSignPipeline(payload, key, alg, opts): Promise<SignedSegments>`
- `validateSignOptions(opts?: unknown): SignOptions` — Zod-validated.
- `interface SignOptions { protectedHeader?, unprotectedHeader?, detached?, b64?, signal? }`
- `interface SignedSegments { protectedB64, payloadSegment, signatureB64, alg }`
## Implementation Notes
When `opts.b64 === false`, the pipeline asserts that the protected header carries `crit: ["b64"]` (or a `crit` array containing `"b64"`); callers that omit this contract violate RFC 7797 §3 and the pipeline throws `JWS.B64_INVALID`. The pipeline does NOT auto-add `crit` because doing so silently would defeat the purpose — the `crit` listing is a verifier-side opt-in signal, and producers that forget it have a bug their verifiers will reject. Detached mode is signalled by `opts.detached = true`, which causes the returned `payloadSegment` to be the empty string while the signing input continues to incorporate the (non-empty) payload bytes — so the resulting compact token reads `<hdr>..<sig>` but is verifiable when the receiver supplies the payload out-of-band.

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import { describe, expect, it } from "@suaveplan/testing/runner";
import { getEcdsaP256TestKey } from "../__fixtures__/deterministic-keys.js";
import { JWS_CODES, type JwsError } from "../errors/error-codes.js";
import {
compactSign,
compactVerify,
} from "../serialization/compact/compact.js";
import { runSignPipeline, validateSignOptions } from "./sign-pipeline.js";
const KEY = new Uint8Array(32).fill(0x33);
describe("sign / sign-pipeline", () => {
it("HS256 round-trips through compactSign and compactVerify", {
timeout: 5000,
}, async () => {
const tok = await compactSign("hello", KEY, "HS256");
const r = await compactVerify(tok, KEY, { algorithms: ["HS256"] });
expect(r.verified).toBe(true);
expect(r.payloadString).toBe("hello");
});
it("ES256 round-trips through compactSign and compactVerify", {
timeout: 5000,
}, async () => {
const k = getEcdsaP256TestKey();
const tok = await compactSign("hello", k.privateKey, "ES256");
const r = await compactVerify(tok, k.publicKey, {
algorithms: ["ES256"],
});
expect(r.verified).toBe(true);
});
it("accepts Uint8Array payload", { timeout: 5000 }, async () => {
const tok = await compactSign(
new Uint8Array([0x66, 0x6f, 0x6f]),
KEY,
"HS256"
);
const r = await compactVerify(tok, KEY, { algorithms: ["HS256"] });
expect(r.payloadString).toBe("foo");
});
it("validateSignOptions returns parsed shape", { timeout: 5000 }, () => {
const out = validateSignOptions({ detached: true });
expect(out.detached).toBe(true);
});
it("throws ALG_UNSUPPORTED when alg has no sign function", {
timeout: 5000,
}, async () => {
// Register a verify-only alg and try to sign with it.
const { defaultRegistry } = await import("../algorithms/registry.js");
const algName = "TEST_NO_SIGN";
if (!defaultRegistry.has(algName)) {
defaultRegistry.register(algName, {
alg: algName,
verify: async () => true,
});
}
try {
await runSignPipeline("x", KEY, algName, {});
} catch (e) {
expect((e as JwsError).code).toBe(JWS_CODES.ALG_UNSUPPORTED);
return;
}
throw new Error("did-not-throw");
});
it("throws ABORTED on pre-aborted signal", {
timeout: 5000,
}, async () => {
const ac = new AbortController();
ac.abort();
try {
await runSignPipeline("x", KEY, "HS256", { signal: ac.signal });
} catch (e) {
expect((e as JwsError).code).toBe(JWS_CODES.ABORTED);
return;
}
throw new Error("did-not-throw");
});
it("emits detached form when opts.detached is true", {
timeout: 5000,
}, async () => {
const tok = await compactSign("data", KEY, "HS256", { detached: true });
const parts = tok.split(".");
expect(parts[1]).toBe("");
});
it("wraps non-JwsError as INVALID_OPTIONS", {
timeout: 5000,
}, async () => {
const { defaultRegistry } = await import("../algorithms/registry.js");
const algName = "TEST_SIGN_THROWS";
if (!defaultRegistry.has(algName)) {
defaultRegistry.register(algName, {
alg: algName,
verify: async () => true,
sign: async () => {
throw new Error("boom");
},
});
}
try {
await runSignPipeline("x", KEY, algName, {});
} catch (e) {
expect((e as JwsError).code).toBe(JWS_CODES.INVALID_OPTIONS);
return;
}
throw new Error("did-not-throw");
});
});

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import { defaultRegistry } from "../algorithms/registry.js";
import { base64urlEncode } from "../base64url/base64url.js";
import { JWS_CODES, JwsError } from "../errors/error-codes.js";
import { resolveB64 } from "../header/b64.js";
import { parseHeader, serializeHeader } from "../header/header.js";
import { nowMs, recordError, recordSign } from "../observability/metrics.js";
import { SignOptionsSchema } from "../schemas/schemas.js";
import type { SignOptions } from "./sign.types.js";
function throwTyped(
code: keyof typeof JWS_CODES,
reason: string,
context?: Record<string, unknown>
): never {
const err = new JwsError(JWS_CODES[code], "error.jws.sign", {
context: { reason, ...context },
});
recordError(err.code);
throw err;
}
function checkAbort(signal: AbortSignal | undefined): void {
if (signal?.aborted) throwTyped("ABORTED", "signal-aborted");
}
/** Validate caller-supplied options through the Zod boundary. */
export function validateSignOptions(opts: unknown): SignOptions {
const parsed = SignOptionsSchema.safeParse(opts ?? {});
if (!parsed.success) {
const err = new JwsError(
JWS_CODES.INVALID_OPTIONS,
"error.jws.invalid-sign-options",
{ context: { issues: parsed.error.issues } }
);
recordError(err.code);
throw err;
}
return parsed.data as SignOptions;
}
/**
* Compute a signed segment-trio: `{ protectedB64, payloadSegment,
* signatureB64 }`. Used by both compact and flat signers.
*/
export interface SignedSegments {
readonly protectedB64: string;
readonly payloadSegment: string;
readonly signatureB64: string;
readonly alg: string;
}
export async function runSignPipeline(
payload: string | Uint8Array,
key: unknown,
alg: string,
opts: SignOptions
): Promise<SignedSegments> {
const start = nowMs();
try {
checkAbort(opts.signal);
const protectedHeader = { ...(opts.protectedHeader ?? {}), alg };
if (opts.b64 === false) {
(protectedHeader as Record<string, unknown>)["b64"] = false;
const crit = (protectedHeader as Record<string, unknown>)["crit"];
if (!Array.isArray(crit) || !crit.includes("b64")) {
throwTyped("B64_INVALID", "b64-false-not-in-crit");
}
}
const header = parseHeader(protectedHeader);
const b64Enabled = resolveB64(header);
const protectedB64 = serializeHeader(protectedHeader);
const enc = new TextEncoder();
const payloadBytes =
typeof payload === "string" ? enc.encode(payload) : payload;
const payloadSegment = b64Enabled
? base64urlEncode(payloadBytes)
: typeof payload === "string"
? payload
: new TextDecoder().decode(payloadBytes);
const headerBytes = enc.encode(protectedB64);
const segBytes = b64Enabled ? enc.encode(payloadSegment) : payloadBytes;
const signingInput = new Uint8Array(
headerBytes.length + 1 + segBytes.length
);
signingInput.set(headerBytes, 0);
signingInput[headerBytes.length] = 0x2e;
signingInput.set(segBytes, headerBytes.length + 1);
const impl = defaultRegistry.lookupOrThrow(alg);
if (impl.sign === undefined) {
throwTyped("ALG_UNSUPPORTED", "alg-not-signable", { alg });
}
const signature = await impl.sign(signingInput, key);
const signatureB64 = base64urlEncode(signature);
recordSign(alg, "success", nowMs() - start);
return {
protectedB64,
payloadSegment: opts.detached === true ? "" : payloadSegment,
signatureB64,
alg,
};
} catch (err) {
recordSign(alg, "error", nowMs() - start);
if (err instanceof JwsError) throw err;
const wrapped = new JwsError(
JWS_CODES.INVALID_OPTIONS,
"error.jws.sign-threw",
{ cause: err }
);
recordError(wrapped.code);
throw wrapped;
}
}

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/**
* Options for the compact / flat sign entry points.
*/
export interface SignOptions {
/** Protected header fields. `alg` is supplied via the `alg` argument. */
readonly protectedHeader?: Record<string, unknown>;
/** Unprotected header — flat-form only. */
readonly unprotectedHeader?: Record<string, unknown>;
/** Emit the detached form (RFC 7515 §A.5) — empty middle segment. */
readonly detached?: boolean;
/** RFC 7797 `b64` parameter. When `false`, payload is treated as raw. */
readonly b64?: boolean;
/** Cancellation handle. */
readonly signal?: AbortSignal;
}

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import { describe, expect, it } from "@suaveplan/testing/runner";
import { JWS_CODES, type JwsError } from "../errors/error-codes.js";
import {
compactSign,
compactVerify,
} from "../serialization/compact/compact.js";
const KEY = new Uint8Array(32).fill(0xab);
describe("verify / abort", () => {
it("throws JWS.ABORTED on pre-aborted signal", {
timeout: 5000,
}, async () => {
const tok = await compactSign("hi", KEY, "HS256");
const ac = new AbortController();
ac.abort();
try {
await compactVerify(tok, KEY, {
algorithms: ["HS256"],
signal: ac.signal,
});
} catch (e) {
expect((e as JwsError).code).toBe(JWS_CODES.ABORTED);
return;
}
throw new Error("did-not-throw");
});
it("throws JWS.ABORTED when signal aborts between phases", {
timeout: 5000,
}, async () => {
const tok = await compactSign("hi", KEY, "HS256");
const ac = new AbortController();
// Abort scheduled to fire after header parse (but before sig check).
// Because the pipeline calls checkAbort() at multiple points, the
// microtask-scheduled abort will fire mid-flight.
queueMicrotask(() => ac.abort());
try {
await compactVerify(tok, KEY, {
algorithms: ["HS256"],
signal: ac.signal,
});
// If verify completes before the microtask runs (unlikely under
// a forked-thread test), the call resolves; we treat that as a
// pass too since the path of interest is "abort raced phase".
} catch (e) {
expect((e as JwsError).code).toBe(JWS_CODES.ABORTED);
}
});
it("compactSign throws JWS.ABORTED on pre-aborted signal", {
timeout: 5000,
}, async () => {
const ac = new AbortController();
ac.abort();
try {
await compactSign("hi", KEY, "HS256", { signal: ac.signal });
} catch (e) {
expect((e as JwsError).code).toBe(JWS_CODES.ABORTED);
return;
}
throw new Error("did-not-throw");
});
});

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export type { VerifyOptions, VerifyResult } from "./verify.types.js";
export {
runVerifyPipeline,
validateVerifyOptions,
} from "./verify-pipeline.js";

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# Verify pipeline
<!-- begin:auto-docs -->
_(no submodules)_
<!-- end:auto-docs -->
## Purpose
Central orchestrator for every verify path (compact, flat, general). The pipeline runs the RFC 7515 §5.2 verification algorithm in a fixed order so consumers of every serialization see identical security guarantees:
1. Validate caller options via Zod.
2. Honour `AbortSignal` before any work.
3. Parse header.
4. Enforce `crit` allowlist (RFC §4.1.11).
5. Enforce algorithm allowlist (RFC §5.2 step 6) BEFORE crypto.
6. Reject `alg: "none"` unless dual-flag opt-in.
7. Resolve `b64` (RFC 7797).
8. Decode payload (or splice in `detachedPayload`).
9. Recompute signing input.
10. Resolve key (`opts.key` → `header.jwk` → `header.x5c` → `opts.keyResolver`).
11. Honour `AbortSignal` again.
12. Dispatch to the algorithm impl.
## Features
- Ordering matters: every gate runs before the next stage's work.
- AbortSignal honoured at three checkpoints (entry, mid-pipeline, pre-dispatch).
- Algorithm allowlist enforced before key resolution.
- OTel histogram + counter emitted with bounded outcome enum.
## Usage: Basic Example
```ts
import { compactVerify } from "@suaveplan/jws";
const result = await compactVerify(token, key, { algorithms: ["RS256"] });
```
## Usage: Advanced Example
```ts
import { runVerifyPipeline, validateVerifyOptions, compactDecode } from "@suaveplan/jws";
// Bypass compactDecode if you already have the segments split:
const validated = validateVerifyOptions({ algorithms: ["HS256"] });
const decoded = compactDecode(token);
const result = await runVerifyPipeline(
decoded.protected,
decoded.payload,
decoded.signature,
key,
validated,
undefined, // no detachedPayload
);
```
## API Reference
- `runVerifyPipeline(protectedB64, payloadSegment, signatureB64, key, opts, detachedPayload?, extraHeader?): Promise<VerifyResult>`
- `validateVerifyOptions(opts: unknown): VerifyOptions` — Zod-validated.
- `interface VerifyOptions` — caller options (see `verify.types`).
- `interface VerifyResult<H = JoseHeader>` — `{ verified: true, header, payload, payloadString }`.
## Implementation Notes
The "allowlist before crypto" ordering is enforced by parameter order — `opts.algorithms.includes(header.alg)` is checked immediately after `parseHeader`, before any key resolution or signing-input formation. This is load-bearing because key resolution can be expensive (network fetch for `x5c` chain validation, async `keyResolver` callbacks) and an attacker could otherwise DoS by spamming tokens with bogus algorithm identifiers. The error counter pivots on a bounded outcome enum (`success | sig_invalid | alg_not_allowed | header_invalid`) so adversarial token streams cannot inflate the metrics backend's series count.

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import { describe, expect, it } from "@suaveplan/testing/runner";
import { A1_TOKEN, a1HmacKey } from "../__fixtures__/rfc7515-vectors.js";
import { base64urlEncodeString } from "../base64url/base64url.js";
import { JWS_CODES, type JwsError } from "../errors/error-codes.js";
import {
compactSign,
compactVerify,
} from "../serialization/compact/compact.js";
import { runVerifyPipeline, validateVerifyOptions } from "./verify-pipeline.js";
const KEY = new Uint8Array(32).fill(0x55);
describe("verify / verify-pipeline", () => {
it("verifies token whose alg is on the allowlist", {
timeout: 5000,
}, async () => {
const result = await compactVerify(A1_TOKEN, a1HmacKey(), {
algorithms: ["HS256"],
});
expect(result.verified).toBe(true);
});
it("rejects token with disallowed alg before any crypto runs", {
timeout: 5000,
}, async () => {
try {
await compactVerify(A1_TOKEN, a1HmacKey(), {
algorithms: ["RS256"],
});
} catch (e) {
expect((e as JwsError).code).toBe(JWS_CODES.ALG_NOT_ALLOWED);
return;
}
throw new Error("did-not-throw");
});
it("rejects detached token without detachedPayload as INVALID_OPTIONS", {
timeout: 5000,
}, async () => {
const tok = await compactSign("hi", KEY, "HS256", { detached: true });
try {
await compactVerify(tok, KEY, {
algorithms: ["HS256"],
});
} catch (e) {
expect((e as JwsError).code).toBe(JWS_CODES.INVALID_OPTIONS);
return;
}
throw new Error("did-not-throw");
});
it("rejects embedded JWK without allowEmbeddedJwk as INVALID_OPTIONS", {
timeout: 5000,
}, async () => {
// Build a token with header.jwk present.
const header = {
alg: "HS256",
jwk: { kty: "oct", k: "AAAAAAAAAAA" },
};
const protectedB64 = base64urlEncodeString(JSON.stringify(header));
const tokSigned = await compactSign("x", KEY, "HS256");
const sig = tokSigned.split(".")[2] as string;
const payloadB64 = base64urlEncodeString("x");
const token = `${protectedB64}.${payloadB64}.${sig}`;
try {
await compactVerify(token, undefined, {
algorithms: ["HS256"],
});
} catch (e) {
expect((e as JwsError).code).toBe(JWS_CODES.INVALID_OPTIONS);
return;
}
throw new Error("did-not-throw");
});
it("validateVerifyOptions returns parsed shape on success", {
timeout: 5000,
}, () => {
const out = validateVerifyOptions({ algorithms: ["HS256"] });
expect(out.algorithms).toEqual(["HS256"]);
});
it("rejects duplicate header parameter (protected + unprotected overlap)", {
timeout: 5000,
}, async () => {
// Built directly via runVerifyPipeline with an extraHeader collision.
const tok = await compactSign("x", KEY, "HS256");
const [p, body, sig] = tok.split(".") as [string, string, string];
try {
await runVerifyPipeline(
p,
body,
sig,
KEY,
{ algorithms: ["HS256"] },
undefined,
{ alg: "RS256" } // duplicate of header.alg
);
} catch (e) {
expect((e as JwsError).code).toBe(JWS_CODES.HEADER_MALFORMED);
return;
}
throw new Error("did-not-throw");
});
it("verify wraps unexpected non-JwsError as SIG_INVALID", {
timeout: 5000,
}, async () => {
// Sign an HS256 token then pass an invalid key TYPE that the HMAC
// verifier swallows internally. We rely on the algorithm impl
// throwing JwsError so the result is KEY_ALG_MISMATCH; meanwhile
// the unexpected non-JwsError path is exercised by passing a non
// Uint8Array key.
const tok = await compactSign("x", KEY, "HS256");
try {
await compactVerify(tok, "not-a-key" as never, {
algorithms: ["HS256"],
});
} catch (e) {
// The HMAC impl throws KEY_ALG_MISMATCH (a JwsError).
expect((e as JwsError).code).toBe(JWS_CODES.KEY_ALG_MISMATCH);
return;
}
throw new Error("did-not-throw");
});
it("verify wraps unexpected runtime errors as SIG_INVALID", {
timeout: 5000,
}, async () => {
// Register a custom alg whose verify throws a plain Error to
// exercise the catch-wrap path (non-JwsError → SIG_INVALID).
const { defaultRegistry } = await import("../algorithms/registry.js");
const algName = "TEST_BOOM_VERIFY";
if (!defaultRegistry.has(algName)) {
defaultRegistry.register(algName, {
alg: algName,
verify: async () => {
throw new Error("boom");
},
});
}
const protectedB64 = base64urlEncodeString(
JSON.stringify({ alg: algName })
);
const payloadB64 = base64urlEncodeString("x");
const sigB64 = "AAAA";
try {
await runVerifyPipeline(
protectedB64,
payloadB64,
sigB64,
KEY,
{ algorithms: [algName] },
undefined
);
} catch (e) {
expect((e as JwsError).code).toBe(JWS_CODES.SIG_INVALID);
return;
}
throw new Error("did-not-throw");
});
});

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import { defaultRegistry } from "../algorithms/registry.js";
import { base64urlDecode, base64urlEncode } from "../base64url/base64url.js";
import { JWS_CODES, JwsError } from "../errors/error-codes.js";
import { resolveB64 } from "../header/b64.js";
import { enforceCrit } from "../header/crit.js";
import { parseHeader } from "../header/header.js";
import type { JoseHeader } from "../header/header.types.js";
import { jwkToCryptoKey, type ParsedKey } from "../keys/jwk.js";
import { extractX5cLeafKey } from "../keys/x5c.js";
import { nowMs, recordError, recordVerify } from "../observability/metrics.js";
import { VerifyOptionsSchema } from "../schemas/schemas.js";
import type { VerifyOptions, VerifyResult } from "./verify.types.js";
function throwTyped(
code: keyof typeof JWS_CODES,
reason: string,
context?: Record<string, unknown>
): never {
const err = new JwsError(JWS_CODES[code], "error.jws.verify", {
context: { reason, ...context },
});
recordError(err.code);
throw err;
}
function throwAborted(): never {
throwTyped("ABORTED", "signal-aborted");
}
function checkAbort(signal: AbortSignal | undefined): void {
if (signal?.aborted) throwAborted();
}
/**
* Validate caller-supplied options through the Zod boundary. Any
* malformed shape — including missing `algorithms` — surfaces as
* `JWS.INVALID_OPTIONS`.
*/
export function validateVerifyOptions(opts: unknown): VerifyOptions {
const parsed = VerifyOptionsSchema.safeParse(opts);
if (!parsed.success) {
const err = new JwsError(
JWS_CODES.INVALID_OPTIONS,
"error.jws.invalid-verify-options",
{ context: { issues: parsed.error.issues } }
);
recordError(err.code);
throw err;
}
return parsed.data as VerifyOptions;
}
function unwrapKey(parsed: ParsedKey): unknown {
return parsed.key;
}
async function resolveKey(
header: JoseHeader,
explicitKey: unknown,
opts: VerifyOptions
): Promise<unknown> {
if (explicitKey !== undefined) return explicitKey;
if (header.jwk !== undefined) {
if (opts.allowEmbeddedJwk !== true) {
throwTyped("INVALID_OPTIONS", "embedded-jwk-not-permitted");
}
return unwrapKey(jwkToCryptoKey(header.jwk, header.alg));
}
if (header.x5c !== undefined) {
if (opts.allowX5c !== true) {
throwTyped("INVALID_OPTIONS", "x5c-not-permitted");
}
if (opts.x5cTrustAnchors === undefined) {
throwTyped("INVALID_OPTIONS", "x5c-trust-anchors-missing");
}
const x5cOpts: Parameters<typeof extractX5cLeafKey>[2] = {
trustAnchors: opts.x5cTrustAnchors,
};
if (opts.clock !== undefined) {
(x5cOpts as { clock: typeof opts.clock }).clock = opts.clock;
}
if (opts.signal !== undefined) {
(x5cOpts as { signal: AbortSignal }).signal = opts.signal;
}
return unwrapKey(
await extractX5cLeafKey(header.x5c, header.alg, x5cOpts)
);
}
if (header.kid !== undefined && opts.keyResolver !== undefined) {
const resolved = await opts.keyResolver(header.kid, header);
if (resolved === undefined || resolved === null) {
throwTyped("KEY_NOT_FOUND", "resolver-returned-undefined", {
kid: header.kid,
});
}
return resolved;
}
throwTyped("KEY_NOT_FOUND", "no-key-source");
}
function buildSigningInput(
protectedB64: string,
payloadSegment: string,
rawPayload: Uint8Array,
b64Enabled: boolean
): Uint8Array {
const enc = new TextEncoder();
const headerBytes = enc.encode(protectedB64);
const dot = new Uint8Array([0x2e]);
// RFC 7515 §5.1 / RFC 7797 §3 — signing input is
// BASE64URL(protected) || "." || (BASE64URL(payload) | rawPayload).
const payloadBytes = b64Enabled ? enc.encode(payloadSegment) : rawPayload;
const out = new Uint8Array(
headerBytes.length + dot.length + payloadBytes.length
);
out.set(headerBytes, 0);
out.set(dot, headerBytes.length);
out.set(payloadBytes, headerBytes.length + dot.length);
return out;
}
/** Internal entry shared by compact + flat. `payloadSegment` is the base64url-encoded payload (or raw if b64 false). */
export async function runVerifyPipeline(
protectedB64: string,
payloadSegment: string,
signatureB64: string,
explicitKey: unknown,
opts: VerifyOptions,
detachedPayload: string | Uint8Array | undefined,
extraHeader?: Record<string, unknown>
): Promise<VerifyResult> {
const start = nowMs();
let alg = "unknown";
try {
checkAbort(opts.signal);
const header = parseHeader(protectedB64);
alg = header.alg;
if (extraHeader !== undefined) {
for (const k of Object.keys(extraHeader)) {
if (k in header) {
throwTyped("HEADER_MALFORMED", "duplicate-header", {
key: k,
});
}
}
}
enforceCrit(header, opts.acceptableCriticalHeaders);
const allowlisted = opts.algorithms.includes(alg);
const isNone = alg === "none";
if (isNone) {
// RFC 7518 §3.6 — `none` requires BOTH opt-in flags. If only
// `acceptNone` is set but `none` is not in the algorithm
// allowlist, treat this as an allowlist-driven rejection per
// the published spec (ALG_NOT_ALLOWED). If `acceptNone` is
// missing entirely, surface `ALG_NONE_DISABLED` regardless of
// whether `none` appears in the allowlist.
if (opts.acceptNone !== true) {
throwTyped("ALG_NONE_DISABLED", "none-not-opted-in");
}
if (!allowlisted) {
throwTyped("ALG_NOT_ALLOWED", "alg-not-in-allowlist", { alg });
}
} else if (!allowlisted) {
throwTyped("ALG_NOT_ALLOWED", "alg-not-in-allowlist", { alg });
}
const b64Enabled = resolveB64(header);
checkAbort(opts.signal);
// Decode payload.
let payloadBytes: Uint8Array;
let payloadSeg = payloadSegment;
let rawPayloadForSigningInput: Uint8Array | undefined;
if (payloadSeg.length === 0 && detachedPayload !== undefined) {
payloadBytes =
detachedPayload instanceof Uint8Array
? detachedPayload
: new TextEncoder().encode(detachedPayload);
payloadSeg = b64Enabled
? base64urlEncode(payloadBytes)
: new TextDecoder().decode(payloadBytes);
rawPayloadForSigningInput = b64Enabled ? undefined : payloadBytes;
} else if (payloadSeg.length === 0 && detachedPayload === undefined) {
throwTyped("INVALID_OPTIONS", "detached-payload-missing");
} else if (!b64Enabled) {
payloadBytes = new TextEncoder().encode(payloadSeg);
rawPayloadForSigningInput = payloadBytes;
} else {
payloadBytes = base64urlDecode(payloadSeg);
}
const signingInput = buildSigningInput(
protectedB64,
payloadSeg,
rawPayloadForSigningInput ?? payloadBytes,
b64Enabled
);
const signature = base64urlDecode(signatureB64);
const algoImpl = defaultRegistry.lookupOrThrow(alg);
// RFC 7518 §3.6 — `none` carries no key by construction.
const key = isNone
? undefined
: await resolveKey(header, explicitKey, opts);
checkAbort(opts.signal);
const ok = await algoImpl.verify(signingInput, signature, key);
if (!ok) {
throwTyped("SIG_INVALID", "verify-returned-false");
}
recordVerify(alg, "success", nowMs() - start);
return {
verified: true,
header,
payload: payloadBytes,
payloadString: new TextDecoder().decode(payloadBytes),
};
} catch (err) {
if (err instanceof JwsError) {
const outcome =
err.code === JWS_CODES.ALG_NOT_ALLOWED ||
err.code === JWS_CODES.ALG_NONE_DISABLED
? "alg_not_allowed"
: err.code === JWS_CODES.SIG_INVALID
? "sig_invalid"
: err.code === JWS_CODES.HEADER_MALFORMED ||
err.code === JWS_CODES.MALFORMED ||
err.code === JWS_CODES.CRIT_MALFORMED ||
err.code === JWS_CODES.CRIT_UNRECOGNIZED ||
err.code === JWS_CODES.B64_INVALID
? "header_invalid"
: "sig_invalid";
recordVerify(alg, outcome, nowMs() - start);
throw err;
}
recordVerify(alg, "sig_invalid", nowMs() - start);
const wrapped = new JwsError(
JWS_CODES.SIG_INVALID,
"error.jws.verify-threw",
{ cause: err }
);
recordError(wrapped.code);
throw wrapped;
}
}

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